Need To Know Information Flashcards
Battery
Unpriveledged touching
Lack of consent
Patients can know what tests are being performed and can decline medical treatment
Expressed Consent
Permission given by the patient VERBALLY or in writing
Informed Consent
Competent person gives voluntary permission for medical procedure after receiving adequate information about the risk of the procedure’s methods and consequences
Implied consent
Patients action permit the procedure without verbal or written consent.
Ie patients going into the ER or holding out an arm when told they need blood drawn
Where must the ID band be and can it be in their pocket?
Physically on the patient and not in their pocket(VOID)
ID band holds what information
Prescription drugs issued, test ordered, and test results given to the patient
How do you identify a patient? By asking what?
First and Last name
Spell it
DOB
State issued ID
-allergies
-fasting
-mastectomy
OSHA
Works hard to prevent safety issues by investigating hazardous workplaces or on the job injuries
3 main OSHA rules
NO eating, drinking, smoking or chewing gum
Always wear a fully buttoned lab coat in the lab
Always wear PPE when working the lab
Contact and transmission
Agents are infectious microorganisms classified into 4 groups
Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Parasite
Most common nosocomial infection
Respiratory
OSHA requires hepatitis B vaccines
Within 10 days of starting employment or declination statement
Easiest most effective way to break the chain of transmission of bloodborne pathogens
Washing you hands
DOFF PPE order
Gloves
Goggles
Gown
Mask
Contact Isolation what do you wear and what two modes are there?
Gown and Gloves
-Direct: skin to skin and physical xfer of microorganism to a susceptible host from infected person
*gloves first to be removed
-Indirect: contact with contaminated intermediate object in patients environment ie clothing, lice, scabies, rsv, diarrhea, herpes, impetigo
Airborne precaution
N95 and special ventilation required
Gown and gloves
Tuberculosis, measles, chickenpox, shingles, norovirus
Droplet precaution
Gown, gloves, mask (surgical)
*happens primarily during COUGHING sneezing or talking
strep, rubella, pneumonic plague, mumps, Flu A, pneumonia
Coughing and sneezing etiguette
Cough into elbow
Wash and sanitize hands and the bend of your elbow
If blood splashes in eyes or mucous membranes how long do you flush with running water
15 minutes
If exposed to blood via needle stick or any other potentially infectious material?
Immediately wash the exposed area
Dilution for body fluid spills
1:10 (strong) with bleach
Pour over the blood and leave for at least 10 minutes
Sharps container use
No recapping needles
Containers locked and disposed at 2/3 full
What if the sharps container is full when you come on duty?
Immediately report it to your supervisor
Whole blood consists of
55% plasma
45% elements or cells
The higher the number gauge of the needle means
The smaller the bore
23 is smaller than a 16
No smaller than 23 for blood draw-can cause hemolysis
18 gauge is used for donor units of blood
What is the angle of entry in hand vein for butterfly or winged infusion set
5 degrees
When drawing from the hand, what veins and angle of entry to use?
Lower Basillic vein, lower Cephalic vein, lower Dorsal vein
**5 degrees
Where to perform venipuncture in forearm or elbow area of patient and angle of entry?
Basillic Vein, Cephallic Veineasiest to palpate in obese pts, Median Cubital Veinmost commonly used
*between 15-30 degrees
Venipucture where to place the tourniquet
3-4 inches above the draw site
Venipucture procedure steps
Tourniquet
Tube
Pressure with gauze
Safety cap
How old does a person need to be to get a capillary puncture? And which finger to use?
At least 2 years of age
3 or 4th fingers non dominant hand
Capillary puncture order of draw
EHAS
EDTA
Heparin
Any other additive
Serum
A PKU screening test ordered
For infants within first 72 hours
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Respiratory therapist, nurse or physician also does this test
Sample must be run with 15 minutes of collection
Needle inserted vertically at 90 degrees
What tubes are used to collect ABG
Heparin tubes
Where to draw difficult draws on bariatric
Cephalic or hand
Where to draw difficult draws on combative, impaired, or psychologically unstable
Release tourniquet
Safety needle
Apply pressure
Protect yourself
Where to draw difficult draws on pediatric patients
Approach, positioning, and equipment
Dry run, no counting down, restrained by people
Heel sticks
If heel stick unsuccessful, MEDIAL CUBITAL Vein
IV therapy draws
Wait 15 minutes once charge has stopped the IV for the solution to clear the vascularity
Climb down the IV ladder
POCT testing
Glucose
Cholesterol
Strep
Flu
Pregnancy
Stool specimen test is looking for
Stool guaiac test
Occult (hidden) blood
Patient has diarrhea most likely needs
O&P ova and parasite test
Capillary puncture when the patient is
Over 2 years old
Can’t find a vein
Burns, scars
Small amt of blood
save vein integrity
Things that can go wrong with specimen quality
QNS quantity not sufficient
Inadequate inversion
Interic (jaundice) high bilirubin
Lipemic-high lipids
Hemolyzed-pink or reddish tint vibration in the tube is felt
4 stages of Homostasis
Vascular and platelet phase comprised the primary stages of hemostasis
Vascular-injury to blood vessel causes constrict, slowing blow flow
Platelet-injury to endothelial lining causes platelets to adhere
Coagulation-cascade of interactions convert temporary platelet plug to stable fibrin clot
Fibrinolysis-breakdown and removal of the clot
