NEED TO KNOW

Question 1

What are the two different types of artificial nutrition?

Answer 1

Enteral (EN) or Parenteral (PN)

Question 2

What is Enteral (EN)?

Answer 2

Enteral is the provision of nutrients delivered directly into the stomach

Question 3

Why would a patient have EN?

Answer 3

The GI tract is still functioning but the patient is unable to tolerate nutrients orally

Question 4

Is Enteral short or long term?

Answer 4

It can be both

Question 5

What is Parenteral (PN)?

Answer 5

Provision of nutrients by the intravenous route

Question 6

When is PN used?

Answer 6

In general PN is used when it is not possible to supply nutrition the GI tract- i.e when intestinal failure is present

Question 7

Is PN short or long term?

Answer 7

Both.

Question 8

What are the different types of feeding tubes for Enteral?

Answer 8

Nasogastric tube (NGT) or Gastrostomy tube

Question 9

What are the different types of Gastrostomy tubes (EN)?

Answer 9

Percutaneous endoscopic tube (PEG), Balloon retained gastrostomy tube (BRG) and Jejunostomy (JEJ)

Question 10

What are the different types of feeding tubes for Parenteral?

Answer 10

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and Central Catheter (Hickman)

Question 11

What does DR ABCDE stand for?

Answer 11

Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability and Exposure.

Question 12

What do we do for Airway?

Answer 12

Look - inspection of secretions or blood.
Listen- no sounds, gurgling, snoring, crowing, stridor or expiratory wheeze
Feel- for presence of air
Treatment- head tilt, chin lift
suction
Airway
Protect C spine

Question 13

What do we do for breathing?

Answer 13

Rate, Rhythm, depth, symmetry, colour and oxygen sats
treatment- oxygen, bag valve mask
Oxygen must be: monitored, prescribed and appropriate for the patients

Question 14

What do we do for Circulation?

Answer 14

Heart rate, heart rhythm, BP, O2 saturations, Capillary refill, Limb temperature, peripheral pulses, central pulses and Intake and output.
Venous access
fluid challenge 500mls
Continuously check vital signs

Question 15

What do we do for Disability?

Answer 15

AVPU, GCS, Pupil reaction, BM results, other bloods- recovery position

Question 16

What does AVPU mean?

Answer 16

Alert, Responds to voice, Responds to pain and Unresponsive

Question 17

What do we do for Exposure?

Answer 17

Examination V Environment- dignity and hypothermia, rashes, bleeding or anything out of the ordinary, focus on the most likely area of the body causing the patients poor condition