Ned Divine Review Flashcards
CN II is derived from ____
The other CNs are derived from ___
CN II is derived from the diencephalon
The other CNs are derived from neural crest cells
Fungal/TB meningitis CSF tap markers
Basically looks like bacterial meingitis, but with lymphocytes instead of neutrophils
CSF tap in major depressive disorder
Cortisol elevated
Monoamines low
CSF tap in anxiety disorder
Elevated cortisol
Maybe relatively preserved monoamines
CSF tap in narcolepsy
Decreased orexin/hypocretin-1
CSF in conduct/anti-social persoanlity disorder
Low levels of serotonin
CSF tap in Alzheimer’s
Low acetylcholine (loss of nucleus of Meynert)
Elevated tau
Low amyloid
“Loss of convexity of frontal bone” on prenatal ultrasound
Spina bifida
Frontal lobe mass with coarse calcifications
Oligodendroglioma
“Ice-cream-cone mass” at the cerebellopontine angle
Schwannoma/acoustic neuroma
If not, meningioma
“Enhancement at the skull base” in the setting of a chronic meningitic picture
TB meningitis
Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo
aka “compensatory enlargement of CSF spaces”. Often in lateral ventricles or in stroke distribution.
Occurs secondary to brain atrophy/degeneration as that space fills with CSF
Typically asymptomatic, may occur in elderly individuals or those with cerebral atrophy
Ventricular system
What is the classic brain finding in patients with Korsakoff syndrome?
Classical brain imaging finding of carbon monoxide poisoning
Bilateral hyperintensities in the globus pallidus
Ways to differentiate cystic medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma
If it has solid and cystic components, probably medulloblastoma. Also, medulloblastoma loves to metastasize through the ventricular system (“drop metastasis”)
Child with a calcified posterior cerebellar mass and hematocrit of ~80%
What is the diagnosis?
Hemangioblastoma
This kid probably has VHL
Intraventricular mass in a person with hydrocephalus
Sometimes called “toothpaste-like” since they appear to be squeezing out into the ventricles
Ependymoma
Remember that the ependymal cells secrete CSF!
What is going on in this patient with slowly progressive unilateral vision loss?
Optic nerve glioma
Typically before, but proximal to the optic chiasm
Often in the setting of NF type 1, so they may also have lisch nodules!
Well-circumscribed, lytic lesions in the skull
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Associated with “burbek granules”/tennis racket granules on biopsy
Blood supply to the superior colliculus
Derived from the superior cerebellar artery
So, SCA infarct causes acute onset Parinaud syndrome
Osteomyelitis that “spares the intervertebral discs”
Highly suggestive of TB osteomyelitis
Usually in an immigrant or someone returning from a long period of travel
“Calcifications anterior to the vertebral bodies”
The draped aorta sign
Ruptured AAA
