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Pathology III > Necroscopy preperation - Written document > Flashcards

Necroscopy preperation - Written document Flashcards

1
Q

Organ description

A
  • Shape
  • Size
  • Color
  • Consistency
  • Cut surface
    1. Colour
    2. Structure
    3. Moisture
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2
Q

Organ description extra

A
  1. Liver –> Tearability
  2. Kidney –> Remove capsule, see Cortex and Medulla
  3. Spleen –> Cut surface –> Scrapability of the pulp
  4. Lymhnodes –> Moveability
  5. Luminal organs –> Distenden/Dilated
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3
Q

Which glands?

A
  1. Thyroid
  2. Pancreas
  3. Adrenal
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4
Q

Parenchymal organs

A
  1. Liver
  2. Lungs
  3. Kidney
  4. Brain
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5
Q

Lymphoid organs

A
  1. Lymph nodes
  2. Thymus
  3. Spleen
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6
Q

Mesenchymal tissue

A
  1. Bone marrow
  2. Fat
  3. Muscle
  4. Baby teeth - Dental pulp
  5. Cartilage
  6. Tendon
  7. Ligament
  8. Connective tissue
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7
Q

General patho check-list
Use this when you see the lesion

A
  • Post mortem changes
  • Circlatory changes - Blood, Oedema
  • Regressive changes - necrosis, fat infiltration
  • Prolifferative changes - Collagen, Fibers
  • Inflamation
  • Tumours
  • Development anormalies
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8
Q

Liquid could be, and from lesion?

A
  • Serous
  • Purulent
  • Sero-mucus
  • Muco-purulent
  • Sero-sanguineus fluid - ‘Like blood’

From Lesion
* Purulent
* Ichorous
* Caseous (dry)
* Tumour necrosis

Exudate, Modified, Transudate?

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9
Q

LUNGS
Patological findings (types)

A

1. Consolidated lung
* Darker
* Firmer
* No crepitation
* Atelactatic
2. Emphysematous lung
* Paler
* More creppitation
3. Congested (CS) lung
* Blood flow on the surface

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10
Q

LUNGS
Tumours found in the lung could be

A

Mesothelioma –> Visceral plaura

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11
Q

LUNGS
Types of pneumonia

A
  1. Bronchopneumonia
  2. Interstitial pneumonia
  3. Metastatic pneumonia
  4. Aspiration pneumonia
  5. Pulmonary oedema
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12
Q

LUNGS
Bronchopneumonia
1. Which lobes
2. Types
3. Appearance
4. Shape, Size, Colour, Consistency

A

BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
1. Cranio-ventral lung lobes
2.
Purulent (pasteurella)
Acute - Hyperaemic
Chronic - Fish meat like
* Cattarhal*
* Fibrinous - Bronchoalveolar junction
3. Mottled appearance?
Darker, lighter area
Multifocal purulent coalescing nodules - PURULENT

  1. Shape, Size = ENLARGED, Colour,
    * Consistency
    Cattarhal = Gland like
    Fibrinous = Liver like + Fibrinous accumulation
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13
Q

LUNG
Interstitial pneumonia

A
  • Dark purple
  • Bacteria from CT
  • Not in airways - Check bronchus
  • Abcess in parenchyma
  • Muscle flacid palpation
  • Rubbery - Enlarged lungs not colapsed - rib imprints

Heavy/Wet lung

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14
Q

LUNGS
Metastatic pneumonia

A
  • Cranio-ventral lunglobes
  • Foci will be everywhere - No parenchyma palpation
  • (Piglet if canibalism - Ear and tail biting)
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15
Q

LUNGS
Pulmonary Edema

A
  • Foam in trachea + Bronchi
  • Difuse congestion + Atelactasia
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16
Q

LUNGS
Aspiration pneumonia - Where do we find it

A

Right middle lobe

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17
Q

LUNG
PIG - PNEUMONIA types
Viral and bacterial

A

Viral (Interstitial)
* PRRSV = Porcine repro and resp syndrome
* PCV-2 = Procine circovirus
* Swine influenza
* Africal swine fever

Bacterial (Bronchopneumonia)
* Mycoplasma
* Actinobacillus Pleuropneumonia
* (Pasteurella, Strepto, Bordetella = Atropic Rhinitis)

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18
Q

LUNG
DOG Pneumonia
Types
Viral and bacterial

A

VIRAL
- Distemper
- Adenovirus
- Herpes virus
- Parainfluenza

BACTERIAL
- Pasteurella
- Bordetella Bronchiseptica (infectious laryngo trachealis)
- Klebsiella

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19
Q

LUNG
CATTLE Pneumonia
Types

A

VIRAL
- BHV-1
- Parainfluenza
- BHV-4?
- BAdV

BACTERIAL
- Pasteurella
- Mycoplasma (Croupous Pneumonia)
- Fog fever = ABPEE
- Mycoplasma

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20
Q

LUNG
FELINE Pneumonitis
Types

A
  • Chlamydophila (Bact)
  • Feline Calcivirus (Viral)
  • Toxoplasma Gondii (Protozoa)
  • Lungworm/fluke (Parasites)
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21
Q

LUNG
RABBIT PNEUMONIA
Types

A

NON-INFECTIOUS
- Allergies
- Smoke/aerosols/dust
- Increased NH3

BACTERIAL
- Pasteurella Multocida
- Chlamydia
- Staphylococcus Aureus

VIRAL
- Pleural effusion disease
- Myxoma Virus
- Herpes

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22
Q

Name Circulatory changes

A
  • Haemorrhage
  • Stenosis
  • Infarcts
  • Congestion (Passive/active)
  • Amyloidosis
  • Artereosclerosis
  • Ischemia
  • Torsion
  • Rupture
  • Emboslism
  • Oedema
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23
Q

Name Inflamatory changes

A
  • Cataharral
  • Fibrinous (acute/chronic or Cropous- can peel/Diphteric- cannot peel)
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24
Q

Name Regressive changes

A
  • Atrophy
  • Fat infiltration
  • Fibrosus
  • Necrosis
  • Cloudy swelling/Hydropic Degradation (“Ballooning”)
  • Pigmentation
  • Amyloidosis
  • Mineralization
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25
SPLEEN Normal description
Shape, Size, color, consistency, cutsurface - Normal shape and size - **Brown red, Blueish brown** colour - Consistency - **Flacid** - Capsule - **Wrinkled** - Cut surface --> Color, structure, **medium moist**, **medium easy to scrape the pulp**.
26
SPLEEN Lesion
Location Distribution Space occupying or liquid
27
SPLEEN Lesion Determine whether the lesion are
**1. Focal nodular** **2. Multifocal** - Hyperplasia, Prolifferative change **3. Diffuse** - Enlargement + Paler colour = Lymphoma
28
SPLEEN Tumours of the spleen
* **Lymphoma** (diffuse) * **Haemangiosarcoma** (multifocal nodules) * **Granulomas** (Tuberculosis)
29
SPLEEN Enlarged spleen
1. Congested - Dark red + cutsurface blood running = **Hyperaemic spleen** 2. Cutsurface dry + no blood running = **Hyperplastic spleen**
30
Types of SPLEEN (pathological)
1. Enlarged Congested Hyperaemic spleen Dry Hyperplastic spleen 2. Meaty spleen Lymphoma 3. Hemangiosarcoma 4. Hematoma 5. Hemangioma
31
Meaty SPLEEN
- No structure recognized - No Hyperaemia - pale red - Diffuse enlargement = Spleenomegaly - (Lymphoma - Tumour of white pulp - easier to scrape pulp) | See lymphoid follicles
32
Characteristics HEMANGIOSARCOMA (Spleen)
- Allways nodular - Bleeding in spleen - Increased scrapability - Dark red, focal
33
LIVER Pathological findings
1. No gallbladder visuable - region where it was a lesion - Black colour, really thick wall, dry fragmented consistency = **Mucokele** 2. Tumours 3. Nodular hyperplasia 4. Nutmeg liver 5. Cystic lesion 6. Serous hepatitis 7. Cholangitis 8. Cirrhosis
34
What are the tumours of the LIVER
1. EPITELIAL Hepatocellulare (Carcinomas) Cholangiocellulare (Carcinomas) 2. MESENCHYMAL Tumors can get metastatic tumors via Portal vein
35
LIVER - NODULAR HYPERPLASIA
- **Multifocal nodular **lesion throughout lobes - Yellowish discoloration - **Steatopathy** **Softer consistency, increased moisture, Slightly enlarged**
36
NUTMEG LIVER
= **Macrovesicular Fatty infiltration** - Dystrophy
37
Cystic lesion - LIVER
- With huge cystic (cholangiocellulare carcinoma) caverns --> Filled with clear fluid
38
Serous Hepatitis - LIVER
Granular rough surface
39
Diseases/Findings of the HEART
1. Rigor mortis 2. Hgb imbibition 3. Euthanasia percipitate 4. ENDOCARDITIS 5. ENDOCARDIOSIS 6. Persistent foramen Ovale 7. Persistent ductus arteriosus 8. Dilated cardiomyopathy 9. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 10. Tumours 11. Myocarditis 12. Dirofilaria
40
HEART - Euthanasia percipitate
Whiteish pinpoint foci (right side) | Black (from practical?)
41
HEART Endocarditis
* Rough + Thickend + Granular, yellowish lumpy --> Thrombosis on valves - Risk of thromboembolism * Yellowish lumpy - Bacterial colonies = vegetations * Granular - Cant see valvular structure 1. Ulcerative/Uremic endocarditis - LA + Mineralization (dogs)
42
HEART Endocardiosis
- Thrombus on edge of valve - Valve short and thickend (But smooth and shiny) - Chambers can also be dilated - Focal nodular or diffuse - Very common - Myxomatous valvular degeneration
43
HEART Fetal cardiac shunt
1. Persistent For.Ovale 2. Persistent Ductus Arteriosus
44
HEART Persistent For. Ovale
- Fetal cardiac shunt - Atrial-septal defect - Blood enter left atrium from right atrium - "Double apex"?
45
HEART Persistent Ductus arteriosus
- Fetal cardiac shunt - Pulmonary artery -- Aorta - Jet lesion in intima of pulmonary trunk
46
HEART Cardiomyopathy
1. Dilated cardiomyopathy (dog) 2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (cat) **In hypertrophy, the heart weight increase**
47
HEART **Dilated** Cardiomyopathy
- **ECCENTRIC HYPERTOOPHY **(volume) - Valvular insufficient septal deffect * Increase size of chamber - Dilation * Prominent **trabecule** and **valve** - Simple dilation -** no increase in weight** - Apex rounded - **Pressure** - Valvular stenosis, hypertension, pulmonary disease
48
HEART **HYPERTROPHIC** Cardiomyopathy
- **CONCENTRIC HYPERTROPHY** of **left** ventricle wall + septum. - Thick **walls**,** small ventricular chamber** - Thick **pappilllary** muscles -** Apex normal** - **Cats** - **Pulmonary edema, Shock kidney** - Enlarged thyroid - secondary concequense due to **hyperthyroidism**
49
HEART Myocarditis
- Purulent - Necrotic - Parasitic (toxoplasma) - Sarcocystisis
50
HEART Dirofilaria
Right side of heart Leads to V.cava syndrome Pulm.Trunk
51
Tumours of the heart
1. **HEMANGIOSARCOMA** Right Atrium Metastasis to lungs Focal nodular lesion - CS 2. **RHABDOMYOSARCOMA** Left Ventricle 3. **Mammary carcinoma** Metastasise 4. **Aorta body tumour**
52
KIDNEY - Inflamations
* Glomerulonephritis * Interstitial nephritis * Pyonephritis * Pyelonephritis
53
KIDNEY Glomerulunepritis
* Inflammation * Pale * Enlarged * Moist with many petechia in the cortex * Hog Cholera - Pigs * Herpes - dogs
54
KIDNEY Interstitial Nephritis
* Inflammation * Diffuse * Mulitifocal greyish-white discolouration in cortex+medulla * Non-purulent increase? * Lepto - Dog
55
KIDNEY Pyonephritis
* Inflammation * Pus accumulation * Greyish-white foci * Actinobacillus * Erysipelotrix
56
KIDNEY Pyelonephritis
- Inflammation - Renal pelvis + Kidney inflamed - Exudate in the renal pelvis - Doesnt have to be purulent
57
KIDNEY Regressive changes
1. Tubulonephrosis 2. Glomerulunephrosis 3. Atrophy 4. Fibrosis
58
KIDNEY Tubulonephrosis
- Regressive changes - Lighter cortex - Paler medulla - Radial grayish white pattern
59
KIDNEY Glomerulunephrosis
- Regressive changes - Amyloid, Lipid, Sclerosis in the kidney
60
KIDNEY Atrophy
- Regressive changes * Pressure from **outside**(abcess/cyst/tumour) or * Pressure from **inside** (**Hydronephrosis** - Dilation of renal pelvis, parenchyma of the kidney is very thin = atrophy/ **Pyonephrosis** - Pus accumulation in the kidney)
61
KIDNEY Fibrosis
* Regressive changes * Pale small kidney * Tearability-Hard * Area firmer consistency (Darker area-Pigment) * Surface irregular - Irregular shape
62
KIDNEY - Tumours
- Adenoma - Carcinoma - Fibroma - Lymphoma/Lymphosarcoma
63
KIDNEY TUMOUR Lymphoma
- Multifocal appearance-Sunken areas - Enlarged kidney - Capsule tearability easy - CS --> Structure not recognizable
64
KIDNEY More diseases
1. Shock Kidney 2. Infarcts 3. Adrenal gland adhered to the kidney
65
KIDNEY Shock Kidney
- Accumulation of blood at the cortico-medullary zone
66
KIDNEY Infarcts
* Shape = Irregular * Color = Brown red with area of sunken pale areas * Sunken areas = more firm area of kidney --> Organization + Scar tissue formation --> Fibrosis * Triangular in the cortex * Chronic-degeneration/inflammation * Necrosis
67
KIDNEY Adhered adrenal gland
Adrenal gland can be adherred to the kidney --> Adrenal gland tumour * Adenocarcinoma * Phaechromo-cytoma
68
URINARY SYSTEM Organs of pathological importance
1. Urethers 2. Bladder
69
URINARY SYSTEM Diseases URETHER
* Pappilloma * Thickend obstruction * Prostate hyperplasia
70
URINARY SYSTEM Diseases Bladder
1. Cystititis 2. Urolithiasis
71
URINARY SYSTEM Diseases Bladder CYSTITIS
* Haemorrhagic Cystitis (bracken fern - cattle) * Thickend muscular wall of bladder 1. Prostatic hyperplasia 2. Urethra Stenosis 3. Urolithiasis * Bladder Emphysema * Haemorrhages -> Swine fever
72
URINARY SYSTEM Diseases Bladder UROLITHIASIS
1. Uric acid 2. Struvite 3. Ca-Oxallate
73
TUMOURS of the URINARY SYSTEM
1. Haemangioma 2. Fibroma 3. Lymphoma 4. Pappilloma 5. Squamous cell carcinoma
74
GENITALS TESTIS tumours
1. Leydig cell * Well circumscribed * Orange --> Tan * Multifocal 2. Sertolli cell * Prominent fibrous stroma 3. Seminoma * Bulging-Lumpy * Diffuse prolifferation *
75
GENITALS Smaller testis - cause
1. Atrophy 2. Hypoplasia 3. Cryptochordism
76
GENITALS Larger TESTIS
1. Hernia 2. Neoplasia 3. Inflammation * Orchitis * Epidydimitis * = Brucelliosis, Mycobacterium 4. Fluid accummulation
77
GENITALS Larger testis cause FLUID ACCUMULATION
* In **testis** 1. **Spermatocele** 2. Granulomas 3. Pea-sized nodules w/ greyish, white yellow pus - Centre * In **Tunica vaginalis** 1. **Hematocele** 2. **Hydrocele** 3. **Pyocele** * In **Plexus pampiniformis** 1. **Variocele**
78
GENITALS Acessory SEX GLANDS
* Prostate hyperplasia
79
GENITALS - PATHOLOGICAL ORIGINS
1. Testis 2. Accessory Sexglands 3. Penis 4. Overies 5. Oviduct 6. Uterus
80
GENITALS PENIS - TUMOURS
1. Squamous cell carcinoma 2. Fibropappilloma 3. TVT in dogs - Transmissable Veneral Tumour
81
GENITALS PENIS TUMOUR - TVT
* Multifocal round nodular lesion * Located at the base of the penis * Caouliflower like growth
82
GENITALS Pathological findings OVARIES
CYSTS *** In ovary** 1. Follicular - **anovulatory** (Atretic, Leuteinized) or **post ovulatory**(CL) *** Around ovaries** 1. Functional problem
83
GENITALS Pathological findings of the OVIDUCT
1. Salphingitis 2. Hydrosalphinx 3. Pyosalphinx
84
GENITALS Pathological findings of the UTERUS
METRITIS * Distended * Flacid thickend friable wall PYOMETRA * Post partum * Hydrometra * Mucometra * Ampullar dilation (partial segmental dilation) ATROPHY HYPERPLASIA ENDOMETRITIS
85
Pathological findings in the STOMACH
1. Dilation 2. Erosions 3. Ulcers 4. Necrosis 5. Gastrophagia (Gastric haemorrhage) = Porcelain Pig 6. Gastritis 7. Tumours
86
STOMACH - Dilations
* Primary og secondary(foreign bodies/reflux) * Chronic - Hypertrophied
87
STOMACH - Erosions and Ulcers
* Ulcers more severe * On mucous membranes * Causative agent ulcers (Helicobacter pylori, circulatory, rough fodder)
88
STOMACH - Necrosis
* Fusobacterium * Gastric juice * Circulatory disturbances
89
STOMACH - GASTRITIS Cause
* Ailmentary * Chemicals * Infectious (Su erysipelas) * Uraemia
90
STOMACH - GASTRITIS Types of gastritis
- **Cattarhal** * Acute = Red, Thick mucous * Chronic = Folds not smooth - **Pseudomembranous** * Croupous fibrinous * Diphteroud - Deep - **Purulent** - **Emphysematous** * Malignent edema --> Bradzot -> Frozen fodder -> Cl.Septicum * Clostridia * Swine fever - **Granuloma** - **Haemmorhagic** * Blood + Infiltrated lymphnodes - (**Scirrhotic gastritis** = Chronic eosinophillic gastritis)
91
Tumours of the STOMACH
Lymphoma
92
INTESTINES - Pathological findings (diseases)
* Mesothelioma * Tuberculosis * Paratuberculosis * Fungal enterocolitis * Bacterial enteritis * Tyzzers disease * Nectotic typhitis * Viral enteritis * Haemorrhagic enteritis * Necrotic enteritis * Colitis * Prolifferative enteropathy * Tumours * Dysentery * FIP * TGE(corona) - Pigs * Rotavirus enteritis = Fluid filled guts * Edema in mesentery = edema disease of Su (e.coli) * Clostridial enterotoxemias = Haemorrhagic - necrotic enteritis * Pulpy kidney disease
93
INTESTINES Mesothelioma
* **Tumours** ** Greyish-white firm nodules along mesenterial surface of the small intestines** * Same lesion in the thorax - coalescing * Tumours found on the **serous membranes** - **Peritoneum**, **Pleura**(Visceral+Parietal), Serosa-organs * **Lymphnodes** - **Large intestines** enlarged along the mesentery+occlude the passage from SI --> **Thickend muscular layer** --> **Compensatory hypertrophy** due to straining (tenesmus)
94
INTESTINES Tuberculosis and Paratuberculosis
* TUBERCULOSIS - Ulcers + Tuberculotic granulation tissue * PARATUBERCULOSIS - Gyri-like(ileum) intestines = Cattle
95
INTESTINES Fungal enterocolitis
- Granulomatous - Ulcerative inflammation - With dipthteric crusts
96
PARATYPHUS - INTESTINES
* Rabbit Enteritis - **Paratyphus** = SPLENOMEGALY + ENTERITIS + NECROTIC FOCI
97
INTESTINES - CAUSATIVE AGENTS for BACTERIAL ENTERITIS
CAUSATIVE AGENTS for BACTERIAL ENTERITIS * DIRECT invation 1. **E.Coli** 2. **Corynebacterium** 3. **Tyzzers disease** (**Cl. Pilliforme**) --> Necrotic typhitis + hepatitis * **TOXINS** --> **Clostridia, E.colli** = **ENTEROTOXAEMIA** 1. Content liquid 2. Yellow = E.coli --> Distended fluid filled * **Pasteurella** * **Klebsiella** * **Staphylococcus**
98
INTESTINES - Viral enteritis
* REO * ADENO * ROTA * **PARVO** * **CORONA**
99
INTESTINES Types of ENTERITIS
* **Haemorrhagic** 1. Parvovirus 2. Clostridium 3. Infiltration of lymphnodes 4. Rabbits - Klebsiellosis * **Croupous** 1. Yellowish fibrin layer (Salmonellosis) * **Cattarhal** 1. Hyperaemia (in acute, not in chronic) 2. Thick mucous 3. Petetchia 4. Swollen payers patches * **Necrotic** 1. Secondary to inflammation
100
INTESTINES Prolifferative enteropathy
* Prolifferative = Lawsonia IC, PPE * Enteropathy = Paratuberculosis
101
INTESTINES Tumours
**ADENOCARCINOMA**
102
Check list should involve which pathological changes?
1. Circulatory disturbances 2. Inflammation 3. Regressive changes 4. Tumours 5. Developmental anomalies
103
Check list Circulatory disturbances
1. Ishaemia 2. Hyperemia 3. Haemostasis, Shock 4. Haemorrhage 5. Thrombosis, Embolism
104
Check list Inflammation
1. Serous 2. Cattarhal 3. Purulent 4. Fibrinous 5. Ichorous 6. Haemorrhagic
105
Check list Regressive changes
= any lesion - not inflamation or neoplasia 1. Necrosis 2. Atrophy 3. Degeneration 4. Amyloidosis, Hyalinosis etc 5. Lipofuschin, ceroid 6. Fatty infiltration
106
Check list From a distance
* Generalised or localised (in area of a tissue) **GENERALISED** * Location (specific area, cranial/rostral/caudal/dorsal/ventral/lateral/medial) * Distribution (Difuse, focal/multifocal, segmental) * Size of extent (amount of lesions pressent) * Paired organs - Unilateral or Bilateral
107
Check list Close up
* Diffuse (eg. difuse oedema of interlobular space) * Focal/Multifocal (Single lesion or randomly distributed) * Segmented 1. Shape 2. Demarcation (Well = Nodular, or coalesing) 3. Contour (Raised or depressed) 4. Colour 1. Texture (soft, rubbery, firm) 2. Consistency (Gritty, caseous, fluid) 3. Strength - CUT SURFACE (Friable, tough) 4. Duration (Acute=hyperaemic, Chronic=fibrinous adhesions)
108
DESCRIBING A LESION Content
1. Location 2. Distribution 3. Size/Extent 4. Shape, demarcation + contour 5. Colour 6. Texture/consistency 7. (Abcess) 8. Duration (acute/chronic) 9. Morphological diagnosis
109
Describing a lesion LOCATION
* Which organ? * Which lobe? (**Peripheral**, **central**, **marginal**) * Along mesentery? * **Parietal**(chest wall), **Visceral plaura**(covers lung, bronchi, bloodvessels, nerves)?
110
Describing a lesion DISTRIBUTION
* Diffuse = Generalised, lobar, regional (spleen enlargement, Atelactasia) * Focal = localised * Multifocal * Segmental = Luminal organs, certain part of the tract * Coaselcing, patchy, mottled, dappled | Focal and multifocal = Nodular lesions
111
Which processes causes multifocal lesions
1. Inflammation 2. Necrosis 3. Neoplasia 4. Haemorrhage 5. Mineralization
112
Describing a lesion SIZE/EXTENT
* Size = 1-3cm dm, few cm, miliary, peasized, pinpoint * Extent = Take up much of the organ (descibe the amount of lesion pressent)
113
Describe the lesion SHAPE
SHAPE * Triangular * Diamond * Round, ovoid * Nodular
114
Describe the lesion DEMARCATION
* Nodular = Well demarcated (Tumour, cyst, other tissue) * Poorly demarcated = Coalescing (unite to form/mass/whole)
115
Describe the lesion CONTOUR
* **Raised** = Bulging nodular etc, pedunculated, pappillated (Addition tissue, cells, fluid, gas) * **Depressed** = Fibrosis, atrophied, necrosis,
116
Describing the lesion COLOUR
1. **Greyish-white** (Necrosis, Fibrosis, Mineral deposit) 2. **Red** (Haemorrhage, Congestion) 3. **Yellow** (Inflammation, Billirubin, Lipid, Fibrin) 4. **Green** (Bile, Necrosis, Haemosiderin=Brown, iron containing pigment) 5. **Black** (Melanin, Blood, Necrosis) | Instead of whiteish=whiteish yellow. Add adjectives- Motteled, Marbled
117
Describing the lesion TEXTURE, CONSISTENCY, STRENGTH
TEXTURE/CONSISTENCY * Soft * Rubbery (Gland-like, Liver-like) * Firm * Hard * Turgid = Firmness due to internal fluid pressure * Gritty = Mineralization (hard due to calcification) * Caseous = Dry+crumbly (like cottage cheese) * Fluids = Watery, Viscous, Gelatinous, Creamy, Clotted STRENGTH (CS) * Friable = necrosis * Tough = Fibrinous scar tissue
118
Describing the lesion TEXTURE, CONSISTENCY, STRENGTH ABCESS
* Encapsulated * Layers * Circumscribed - CS * Loss of strength + friability = Necrosis
119
Describing the lesion DURATION
* Acute = Hyperaemic * Chronic = Fibrinous adhesions etc
120
What would you call a nodule with depressed centre?
CARCINOMA
121
Describing a lesion MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS Contain
1. Severity = Mild, Moderate, Severe (signifficance of the lesion) 2. Duration = Per acute(min,hours), Acute(<4-6days), Subacute, Chronic(>2weeks) 3. Distribution 4. Pathologic process = Causing the lesion 5. Organ/Tissue
122
Describing a lesion MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS | Causing the lesion
* Inflamation = Exudate type 1. Fibrinous = Coagulation of fibrin 2. Suppurative = Pus 3. Granulomatous = Granuloma formation 4. Interstitial = Affects stroma of organ * Necrosis * Oedema * Haemorrhages * Atrophy * Neoplasia * Fibrosis
123
Give an example of what can cause/signify a interstitial lung injury
A lung with a "LIVER-LIKE" consistency Firmer texture

Pathology III (2 decks)

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