neck to fingers Flashcards
traps
O: superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes c7 to c12
I: acromion and spine of scap; lateral 1/3 clavicle
N: spinal accessory nerve CNXI (motor), c3-4 (sensory)
A: elevation, depression retraction, upward rotation scapula
upper: elevation, upward rotation, retraction scapula
middle: retraction scapula
lower: depression, upward rotation, retraction scapula
Levator scapulae
O: Transverse process C1-4
I: Medial border scapula (superior to spine)
N: Dorsal scapular n. (C3,C4)
A: Elevation & downward rotation scapula
Elevation, downward rotation scapula (proximal attachment fixed)
Lateral flexion, ipsilateral cervical rotation (distal attachment fixed
Pectoralis major
O:
Clavicular head: anterior surface medial half clavicle
Sternocostal head: anterior surface sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages,
aponeurosis external oblique
I: Lateral lip bicipital groove humerus (PLT)
N: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves,
Clavicular head: Lateral pectoral n. (C5,C6,C7)
Sternocostal head: Medial pectoral n. (C8,T1)
A: Both heads: Adduction (horizontal), IR of shoulder; draws scapula
anteriorly, inferiorly
Clavicular head: Flexion shoulder
Sternocostal head: Extension shoulder
Pectoralis minor
O: Ribs 3–5 near costal cartilages
I: Coracoid process scapula
N: Medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1)
A: Depression, protraction scapula
(Stabilization scapula drawing inferiorly, anteriorly against thoracic wall)
Serratus anterior
O: Lateral parts ribs 1-8
I: Anterior surface medial border scapula
N: Long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7)
A: Protraction scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall, upward rotation
scapula
Rhomboid major
O: Spinous processes T2-T5
I: Medial border scapula (inferior to spine)
N: Dorsal scapular (C4,C5)
A: Elevation, retraction, downward rotation scapula; scapular stabilization against
trunk with UE movement
Rhomboid minor
O: Nuchal ligament; spinous processes C7-T1
I: Medial end scapular spine
N: Dorsal scapular (C4,C5)
A: Elevation, retraction, downward rotation scapula; scapular stabilization against
trunk with UE movement
Deltoid
O: Lateral 1/3 clavicle; acromion, spine scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N: Axillary nerve (C5,C6)
A:
Anterior head: flexion, medial rotation (IR) shoulder
Medial head: abduction shoulder
Posterior head: extension, lateral rotation (ER) shoulder
Coracobrachialis
O: Coracoid process scapula
I: Middle 1/3 medial surface humerus
N: Musculocutaneous n. (C6,C7)
A: Flexion, adduction shoulder; resists shoulder dislocation
Latissimus dorsi
O: Spinous processes T7-12; thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; ribs 9-12
I: Floor bicipital groove (PLT)
N: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: Extension, adduction, medial rotation shoulder
Teres major
O: Inferior angle scapula
I: Medial lip bicipital groove (PLT)
N: Lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6)
A: Adduction, medial rotation, extension shoulder
Supraspinatus
O: Supraspinous fossa scapula
I: Greater tubercle humerus - superior facet
N: Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
A: Abduction shoulder; dynamic stabilization
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinous fossa scapula
I: Greater tubercle humerus - middle facet
N: Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
A: Lateral rotation shoulder; holds humerus in glenoid cavity
Teres minor
O: Lateral border scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus - inferior facet
N: Axillary nerve (C5,C6)
A: Lateral rotation shoulder; holds humerus in glenoid cavity
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle humerus
N: Upper, Lower subscapular nerves (C5,C6)
A: Medial rotation, adduction shoulder, holds humerus in glenoid cavity
Subclavius
O: Junction of 1st rib and costal cartilage
I: Inferior surface middle 1/3 clavicle
N: Nerve to subclavius (C5,C6)
A: Anchors, depresses clavicle
Biceps brachii
O:
Short head: Coracoid process scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle scapula
I: Radial tuberosity (fascia of forearm @ bicipital aponeurosis)
N: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6)
A: Supination forearm; flexion elbow; short head resists dislocation of shoulder;
assists shoulder flexion
Brachialis
O: Distal half anterior surface humerus
I: Coronoid process, tuberosity ulna
N: Musculocutaneous n. (C5,C6)
A: Flexion elbow
Brachioradialis
O: Proximal 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge humerus
I: Styloid process radius
N: Radial nerve (C5,C6)
A: Flexion elbow
Triceps brachii
O:
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle scapula
Lateral head: posterior surface humerus superior to radial groove
Medial head: posterior surface humerus inferior to radial groove
I: Proximal end olecranon process (fascia of forearm)
N: Radial nerve (C7,C8)
A: Extension elbow, long head: extension shoulder; resists dislocation of shoulder
Anconeus
O: Lateral epicondyle humerus
I: Lateral surface olecranon process, superior/posterior surface ulna
N: Radial nerve (C7,C8)
A: Assists extension, stabilization elbow
Pronator teres
O: Medial epicondyle, coronoid process ulna
I: Middle lateral surface radius
N: Median nerve (C6,C7)
A: Pronation forearm, flexion elbow
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR)
O: Medial epicondyle humerus
I: Base 2nd metacarpal
N: Median nerve (C6,C7)
A: Flexion, radial deviation hand/wrist
Palmaris longus
O: Medial epicondyle humerus
I: Palmar aponeurosis, distal flexor retinaculum
N: Median nerve (C7,C8)
A: Assists hand/wrist flexion, tightens palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
O:
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: olecranon process, posterior border ulna
I: Pisiform, hook of hamate, base 5th metacarpal
N: Ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
A: Flexion, ulnar deviation (adduction) hand/wrist
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
O:
Humeral head: medial epicondyle humerus, ulnar collateral ligament,
coronoid process ulna
Radial head: proximal half anterior radius
I: Bodies of middle phalanges digits 2-5.
N: Median nerve (C7,C8,T1)
A: Flexion PIP joints, assists flexion MCP joints with digits 2-5
Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
O: Proximal 3/4 medial, anterior ulna; anterior interosseous membrane
I: Bases distal phalanges digits 2-5
N:
Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
Lateral part: median nerve (C8,T1)
A: Flexion DIP joints of digits 2-5, assists flexion hand/wrist
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
O: Anterior radius, interosseous membrane
I: Base distal phalanx thumb
N: Median nerve (C8,T1)
A: Flexion IP joint thumb, assists flexion MCP joint thumb
Pronator Quadratus
O: Distal ¼ of ulna
I: Distal ¼ of radius
N: Median nerve (C8,T1)
A: Pronation forearm, assists stabilization distal radius/ulna
Supinator
O: Lateral epicondyle humerus, lateral border ulna
I: Proximal 1/3 anterior, lateral radius
N: Radial nerve (C5,C6)
A: Supination forearm
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: Distal 1/3 lateral supracondylar ridge humerus
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
N: Radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: Extension, radial deviation wrist/hand
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: Lateral epicondyle humerus
I: Base of 3rd metacarpal
N: Radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: Extension, radial deviation wrist/hand
Extensor digitorum
O: Lateral epicondyle humerus
I: Extensor expansions digits 2-5
N: Radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: Extension digits 2–5 (MCP, IP joints); assists wrist extension
Extensor digiti minimi
O: Lateral epicondyle humerus
I: Extensor expansions 5th digit
N: Radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: Extension 5th digit (MCP, IP joints)
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: Lateral epicondyle humerus, posterior border ulna
I: Base of 5th metacarpal
N: Radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: Extension, ulnar deviation wrist/hand
Extensor indices
O: Posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
I: Extensor expansions 2nd digit
N: Radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: Extension 2nd digit
Abductor pollicis longus
O: Proximal posterior ulna, interosseous membrane, radius
I: Base of 1st metacarpal
N: Radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: ABduction thumb
Extensor pollicis brevis
O: Posterior radius, interosseous membrane.
I: Base of proximal phalanx 1st digit
N: Radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: Extension MCP joint thumb, extension CMC joint
Extensor pollicis longus
O: Middle 1/3 of posterior ulna, interosseous membrane.
I: Base of distal phalanx 1st digit
N: Radial nerve (C6,C7,C8)
A: Extension IP joint thumb, extension MCP, CMC joints
Abductor pollicis brevis
o N: Median nerve
o A: Abduction thumb, assists opposition
Flexor pollicis brevis
o N: Median nerve
o A: Flexion thumb
Opponens pollicis
o N: Median nerve
o A: Opposition thumb
Adductor pollicis
o N: Ulnar nerve
o A: Adduction thumb toward midline of hand
Abductor digiti minimi
o N: Ulnar nerve
o A: Abduction 5th digit
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
o N: Ulnar nerve
o A: Flexion 5th digit
Opponens digiti minimi
o N: Ulnar nerve
o A: Opposition 5th digit
Lumbricals
o O: Tendons of FDP (flexor digitorum profundus)
o I: Extensor expansion hood digits 2-5
o N:
digits 1-2: median nerve
digits 3-4: ulnar nerve
o A: Flexion MCP joint
Interosseous muscles
o N: all innervated by ulnar nerve
o Four dorsal interossei
A: ABduction digits with midline of hand
o Three palmer interossei
A: Adduction digits with midline of hand
Palmaris brevis
o Subcutaneous tissue of hypothenar region (NOT in hypothenar compartment)
o “Wrinkle” skin of hypothenar eminence, deepen hollow of palm
