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PHTH 511: Anatomy > Neck Lecture Questions > Flashcards

Neck Lecture Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

-Visceral
-Vertebral
-2 vascular

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2
Q

What can be found in the visceral compartment of the neck?

A

-Parts of the digestive & respiratory systems
-Endocrine glands

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3
Q

What can be found in the vertebral compartment of the neck?

A

-Cervical vertebrae
-Spinal cord
-Cervical nerves & muscles

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4
Q

What can be found in the 2 vascular compartments of the neck?

A

-Major blood vessels
-Vagus nerve (CN10)

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5
Q

What is the fascia called that surrounds the anterior portion of the neck?

A

Superficial fascia

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6
Q

What is the fascia called that surrounds all of the compartments in the neck?

A

Investing fascia

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7
Q

What is the fascia called that surrounds the visceral compartment in the neck?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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8
Q

What is the fascia called that surrounds the vascular compartment in the neck?

A

Carotid sheath

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9
Q

What is the fascia called that surrounds the vertebral compartment in the neck?

A

Prevertebral fascia

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10
Q

How is blood drained from the head and neck?

A

-The anterior jugular vein drains blood from the anterior neck into the external jugular vein
-The external jugular vein drains blood from the rest of the neck and brain

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11
Q

What are the main triangles of the neck?

A

-Anterior triangle
-Posterior triangle

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12
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A

-Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
-Inferior border of mandible

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13
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

-Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
-Anterior border of the trapezius
-Middle one third of clavicle

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14
Q

What are the 4 sub-triangles of the anterior triangle?

A

-Submandibular triangle
-Submental triangle
-Muscular triangle
-Carotid triangle

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15
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

-Inferior border of the mandible
-Digastric m.

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16
Q

What are the border of the submental triangle?

A

-Hyoid bone
-Anterior belly of digastric

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17
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A

-Hyoid bone
-Superior belly of omohyoid m.
-Anterior border of the SCM m.

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18
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

-Superior belly of the omohyoid m.
-Posterior belly of digastric m.
-Anterior border of the SCM m.

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19
Q

What structures pass through the submandibular triangle?

A

-Facial a. & v.
-Submandibular gland
-Hypoglossal n.

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20
Q

What structures pass through the submental triangle?

A

-Submental lymph nodes

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21
Q

What structures pass through the carotid triangle?

A

-Internal jugular v.
-Carotid a.
-Vagus n.
-Ansa cervicalis

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22
Q

What structures pass through the muscular triangle?

A

-Thyroid and parathyroid glands

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23
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

A

-Stylohyoid
-Digastric
-Mylohyoid
-Geniohyoid

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24
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

A

-Sternohyoid
-Omohyoid
-Thyrohyoid
-Sternothyroid

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25
Q

Which of the 4 infrahyoid muscles does not attach to the hyoid?

A

Sternothyroid

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26
Q

What is the purpose of the stylohyoid ligament?

A

This ligament makes the contraction more effective and stabilizes the muscle action

27
Q

What happens if someone’s hyoid bone is lower than normal?

A

They are more likely to develop obstructive sleep apnea

28
Q

What connects the digastric muscle to the hyoid bone?

A

A ligament that is where the two bellies of the digastric meets

29
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

It bifurcates at the level of C3, which gives rise to the external and internal carotid arteries

30
Q

What is different between the right and left common carotid arteries?

A

Right common carotid artery comes from the brachiocephalic trunk of the arch of the aorta, and the left common carotid artery comes right from the aortic arch

31
Q

Where is blood drained from the upper limbs?

A

Blood being drained from the upper limbs happens in the subclavian veins

32
Q

Where used to be the most common place to place a central venous catheter?

A

In the right or left subclavian veins

33
Q

What are the anterior triangle nerves and where do they come from?

A

-Glossopharyngeal (CN9): jugular foramen
-Vagus nerve (CN10): jugular foramen
-Accessory nerve (CN11): jugular foramen
-Hypoglossal nerve (CN12): hypoglossal canal

34
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Innervates muscles of the pharyngeal wall

35
Q

What is the function of the vagus nerve?

A

Innervates several structures such as larynx, lungs, heart, liver, and structures in the abdomen

36
Q

What is the function of the accessory nerve?

A

Innervates the SCM and the trapezius

37
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Innervates the tongue

38
Q

Which of the anterior triangle nerves are mixed (motor & sensory)?

A

-Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)
-Vagus nerve (CN10)

39
Q

Which of the anterior triangle nerves are only motor nerves?

A

-Accessory nerve (CN11)
-Hypoglossal nerve (CN12)

40
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

-Posterior edge of SCM
-Anterior edge of trap
-Middle one third of the clavicle
-Apex is at the occipital bone

41
Q

What are the two subtriangles in the posterior triangle?

A

-Occipital triangle
-Subclavian triangle

42
Q

What are the boundaries of the occipital triangle?

A

-Anterior edge of trap
-Posterior edge of SCM
-Superior edge of omohyoid

43
Q

What are the boundaries of the subclavian triangle?

A

-Inferior belly of omohyoid
-Middle 1/3 of clavicle
-Posterior edge of SCM

44
Q

What muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

-Splenius capitis
-Scalenes

45
Q

What are the superficial muscles in the posterior triangle and what are they covered by?

A

-SCM
-Trap
-Levator scapulae
-Omohyoid
-All covered by vesting fascia

46
Q

Where does the brachial plexus exit in the neck?

A

Between the anterior and middle scalenes

47
Q

What does it mean if something is innervated by the posterior rami?

A

It is an intrinsic muscle of the back

48
Q

Do the scalenes elevate only the 1st two ribs?

A

No, they elevate the first two ribs, but since they are all connected in the thoracic cavity, all of the ribs are elevated

49
Q

What are the veins that are in the posterior neck triangle?

A

-Retromandibular vein
-Posterior auricular vein
-External jugular vein

50
Q

What is the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A

Anterior to anterior scalene

51
Q

What is the 2nd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Posterior to anterior scalene

52
Q

What is the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Exits between anterior & middle scalenes

53
Q

Where is the subclavian vein?

A

Anterior to the anterior border of the anterior scalene

54
Q

What does the thyrocervical branch of the 1st part of the subclavian artery give rise to?

A

-Transverse cervical artery
-Suprascapular artery

55
Q

What does the transverse cervical artery give rise to? Where does it supply?

A

-Superficial branch: continues on deep surface of trap
-Deep branch: continues on deep surface of rhomboid muscles

56
Q

What does the suprascapular artery supply?

A

Distributes branches to muscles on the posterior surface of the scapula

57
Q

What nerve roots form the cervical plexus? What does it consist of?

A

-Nerve roots from C1-C4
-Muscular branches (deep branches)
-Cutaneous branches

58
Q

What nerves in the posterior neck are apart of the cervical plexus?

A

-Inferior root of ansa cervicalis
-Transverse cervical nerve
-Supraclavicular nerve
-Phrenic nerve
-Lesser occipital nerve
-Greater auricular nerve

59
Q

What does the ansa cervicalis innervate?

A

Infrahyoid muscles

60
Q

What does the transverse cervical nerve innervate?

A

Skin of the lateral & anterior part of the neck

61
Q

What does the supraclavicular nerve innervate?

A

Skin over the shoulder & clavicle

62
Q

What does the lesser occipital nerve innervate?

A

Skin of neck & scalp posterior to the ears

63
Q

What does the greater auricular nerve innervate?

A

Skin of parotid region (anterior to ears), ears, and mastoid area

64
Q

What does the phrenic nerve innervate?

A

Diaphragm

PHTH 511: Anatomy (9 decks)

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