Neck: fascial layers and Posterior triangle of neck

Question 1

Superficial Fascia

Answer 1

1. LOOSE connective tissue and fat.
   Contains superficial veins, lymph node and muscles of facial expression are found in this layer
2. It has large potential space capacity

Question 2

Deep Fascia

Answer 2

1. DENSE, organized connective tissue layer
2. Devoid of fat
3. Envelops most of the body structures deep to the skin and superficial fascia

Question 3

What are the layers of deep fascia of the neck in superficial to deep order

Answer 3

1. Investing fascia
2. Pretracheal fascia
3. Buccopharyngeal fascia
4. Alar fascia
5. Prevertebral fascia

Question 4

Contents of carotid Sheath

Answer 4

CCA, ICA, IJV and Vagus n.

Question 5

Which layer of the deep fascia layers surrounds trapezius & SCM mm & infrahyoid

Answer 5

Investing fascia

Question 6

Which layer of the deep fascia layers surrounds thyroid, trachea & esophagus & posterior surface of the infrahyoid mm.

Answer 6

Pretracheal fascia

Question 7

What layer of the deep fascia layers surrounds pharynx posteriorly?

Answer 7

Buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 8

What layer is between buccopharyngeal and prevertebral layers in the neck and ends just in the superior portion of the thorax

Answer 8

Alar fascia

Question 9

What layer of deep fascia layers surrouds prevertebral and deep back mm.

Answer 9

prevertebral fascia

Question 10

What are the fascial spaces of the neck

Answer 10

1. Carotid sheath
2. pretracheal space
3. Retropharyngeal space
4. Prevertebral “danger” space

Question 11

Carotid Sheath extends from _______down into ______

Answer 11

skull

middle mediastinum

Question 12

Pretracheal space extends from ________down into ______

Answer 12

thyroid cartilage

anterior mediastinum

Question 13

Retropharyngeal space extends from _______down into ______

Answer 13

skull

superior mediastinum

Question 14

Which of the following does the 3rd molar infections can spread to?

a. pretracheal space
b. retropharyngeal space
c. prevertebral space

Answer 14

retropharyngeal space

Question 15

Prevertebral space extends from _______down into ________

Answer 15

skull 
posterior mediastinum (extends all the way to T12)

Question 16

Which of the following spaces superior extent is only to thyroid cartilage? (other 3 extent to base of the skull)

a. carotid Sheath
b. pretracheal space
c. retropharyngeal space
d. prevertebral space

Answer 16

pretracheal space

Question 17

what is the vertebral level of common carotid artery bifurcation?

Answer 17

3-4

Question 18

At what vertebral level does the esophagus and trachea changes to pharynx and larynx respectively

Answer 18

4-5

Question 19

What are the borders of posterior triangle?

Answer 19

SCM = anterior
trapezius = posterior
clavicle = inferior

Question 20

What are the contents of posterior cervical triangle?

Answer 20

1. Platysma m.
2. EJV
3. Cutaneous nn (there are 4)
4. Motor nn.( there are 2 )
5. Transverse cervical & Suprascapular aa.
6. Deep muscles

Question 21

What two veins drain (form) into EJV?

Answer 21

Posterior auricular vein and posterior branch of retromandibular

Question 22

What are the cutaneous nerves of the Posterior Cervical triangle? They all emerge from “Erb’s point” (lateral point of the neck)]

Answer 22

1. Lesser occipital (C2-C3)
2. Greater auricular (C2-C3)
3. Transverse cervical (C2-C3)
4. Supraclavicular (C3-C4)

Question 23

What are the motor nerves of the posterior cervical triangle?

Answer 23

Accessory nerve (XI)
Phrenic nerve

Question 24

What muscles does the Accessory nerve innervate?

Answer 24

SCM and trapezius (trapezius also recieves proprioception C3-4)

Question 25

What are the vessels of the posterior triangle?

Answer 25

``` EJV (drains into subclavian) Transverse cervical artery (thyrocervical trunk) suprascapular artery (thyrocervical trunk) ```

Question 26

What are the deep muscles of the posterior triangle?

Answer 26

Splenius capitis Levator scapulae 3 scalene mm INFERIOR belly of omohyoid

Question 27

in relation to scalenes, where does the phrenic nerve travel?

Answer 27

along the anterior scalene.

Question 28

What runs between anterior and middle scalene

Answer 28

brachial plexus

Question 29

Where is interscalene triangle?

Answer 29

between anterior and middle scalene | inferior border is 1st rib

Question 30

What are the contents of interscalene triangle?

Answer 30

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Question 31

in relation to anterior scalene muscle, where does the subclavian artery and VEIN pass through?

Answer 31

subclavian artery passes posterior (through the interscalene triange) to anterior scalene triange. Where as VEIN passes ant. anterior scalene.