Nasal Cavity & Paranasal sinuses

Question 1

What are the anterior and posterior apertures of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Naries and Choanae

Question 2

What is the mucosa of the floor of the nasal cavity lined with?

Answer 2

Respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

Question 3

What bones make up the LATERAL nasal wall?

Answer 3

1. Nasal bone
2. Lacrimal bone
3. Ethmoid bone (superior & middle concha and uncinate process of ethmoid)
4. Inferior concha
5. perpendicular plate of palatine bone
6. medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

Question 4

What bones make up the MEDIAL nasal wall?

Answer 4

1. Nasal bone
2. Nasal spine of the frontal bone
3. Ethmoid bone (perpendicular plate)
4. Vomer
5. Incisor crest
6. Nasal crest of maxillary and Palatine bones.

Question 5

What is the pathway of the air flow?

Answer 5

Naries > Nasal cavities > Conchae > Nasal pharynx > oral pharynx > laryngeal pharynx > laryngeal inlet > trachea > Lungs

Question 6

Major job of nasal cavity?

Answer 6

warming the air

Question 7

What are the paranasal sinuses and where are they draining into?

Answer 7

1. Frontal sinus
2. Ethmoidal air cells
3. Maxillary sinues
4. sphenoid sinues

They all drain into nasal cavity.

Question 8

What is the path of the frontal sinus drainage?

Answer 8

Frontal sinuses drains via frontonasal duct into infundibulum of the Semilunar hiatus which is found in the middle meatus anterior to ethmoidal bulla.

Question 9

What is the path of the maxillary sinus drainage?

Answer 9

Maxillary sinus drains medially and superiorly through the opening called maxillary osteum and this opening is found superiorly on the medial wall. This opening leads into middle nasal meatus.

Question 10

Where would you create an artificial opening if the maxillary sinus is packed and needed to be irrigated?

Answer 10

In the inferior meatus

Question 11

Drainage of the ethmoidal air cells:
Anterior ethmoidal cells:
Middle ethmoidal cells:
Posterior ethmoidal cells:

Answer 11

Anterior ethmoidal cells: semilunar hiatus (middle meatus)
Middle ethmoidal cells: ethmoidal bula (middle meatus)
Posterior ethmoidal cells: superior meatus

Question 12

where does the sphenoid sinus drain into?

Answer 12

Sphenoethmoidal recess and its position relative to the sphenoid sinus is superior.

Question 13

Which meatus does the lacrimal gland eventually drain into?

Answer 13

Inferior meatus

Question 14

Arterial supply of the nasal cavity

Answer 14

Anterior ethmoidal branches
posterior ethmoidal branches
sphenopalatine branches

Question 15

What area is most know to nose bleeds and why?

Answer 15

Kisslebach’s area

This is where you have most of the nasal branches anastomosis

Question 16

Sphenopalatine artery is a branch of ________

Answer 16

maxillary artery

Question 17

Spenopalatine artery gives off posterior septal branch which travels towards the incisive canal and anstomosis with _________

Answer 17

greater palatine artery (which is branch of descending palatine artery which is a branch of maxillary artery)

Question 18

What are the branches of sphenopalatine artery?

Answer 18

Posterior septal branch

Posterior lateral nasal branch

Question 19

Alar branch of lateral nasal branch anastomosis with _________

Answer 19

superior labial artery

Question 20

What are the nerves of the nasal cavity?

Answer 20

1. CN V1
   Nasocilliary

2) Olfactory fibers (CN1) (special sensory)

3) CN V2
a. Nasopalatine
b. infraorbital nerve
c. Ant. Sup. Alveolar nerve
d. Post. Sup. Lat. Nasal branch of V2
e. Post. Inf. Lat. Nasal branch of V2

Question 21

Where are pre-ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies located?

Answer 21

lateral horn of T1-L2

Question 22

Where are post-ganglionic sympathetic cell bodies located?

Answer 22

superior cervical ganglion

Question 23

What nerves provide general sensation to all paranasal sinuses

Answer 23

Branches of V2

Question 24

What nerves provide parasympathetics to paranasal sinuses? and how do they travel to sinuses?

Answer 24

Greater petrosal (VII) provide parasympathetics and they travel on V2

Question 25

What nerves provide sympathetics? and how do they travel to sinuses?

Answer 25

Deep petrosal (super cervical ganglion) provide sympathetics and they travel on V2