Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cranio exam 4 > neck fascia and spaces > Flashcards

neck fascia and spaces Flashcards

1
Q

layers of cervical fascia

A
  • superficial

- deep: superficial, middle (visceral, muscular), deep (alar, prevertebral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

superficial layer attachments

A
  • superior attachment–> zygomatic arch
  • inferior attachment–> thorax-axilla
  • similar to subcutaneous tissue
  • ensheath platysma and muscles of facial expression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

deep cervical fascia function

A
  • supports viscera, vessels, muscles, and deep lymph nodes
  • limits spread of infection
  • provides slipperiness that allows neck structures to move and pass over each other without difficulties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 layers of deep cervical fascia

A
  1. superficial (investing layer)
  2. middle (pretracheal fascia)
  3. deep (prevertebral)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

superficial layer of the deep fascia (investing layer) boundaries

A
  • completely surrounds the neck
  • arises from spinous processes
  • superior border: nuchal line, skull base, zygoma, mandible
  • inferior border: chest and axilla
  • splits at mandible and covers the masseter laterally and the medial surface of the medial pterygoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the superficial layer of the deep fascia (investing layer) envelope?

A
  • SCM
  • trapezius
  • submandibular gland
  • parotid gland
  • forms floor of submandibular space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

borders of the visceral division of the middle layer (pretracheal fascia)

A

-superior: anterior–hyoid and thyroid cart
posterior–skull base
-inferior: continuous with fibrous pericardium in the upper mediastinum
-buccopharyngeal fascia (covers the pharyngeal constrictors and buccinator)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the visceral division of the pretacheal fascia envelopes what?

A
  • thyroid
  • trachea
  • esophagus
  • pharynx
  • larynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

muscular division of the middle layer (pretracheal fascia)

A

envelopes infrahyoid strap muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why does the thyroid gland move with swallowing?

A
  • pretracheal fascia

- levator glandula thyroidea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the deep layer of deep cervical fascia arise from?

A

from spinous processes and ligamentum nuchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 layers of deep layer

A
  • alar

- prevertebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

alar layer of deep layer

A
  • superior border–skull base

- inferior border–upper mediastinum at T1-T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

prevertebral layer of deep layer

A
  • superior border–skull base
  • inferior border–coccyx
  • envelopes vertebral bodies and deep muscles of the neck
  • extends laterally as the axillary sheath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

carotid sheath

A
  • formed by all three layers of deep fascia
  • anatomically separate from all layers
  • contains carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve
  • travels thru pharyngomaxillary space
  • extends from skull base to thorax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

deep neck spaces that are the entire length of the neck

A
  • superficial space
  • retropharyngeal
  • danger
  • prevertebral
  • vascular visceral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

suprahyoid spaces

A
  • submandibular
  • pharyngomaxillary
  • parotid
  • peritonsillar
  • temporal
  • masticator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

infrahyoid spaces

A

anterior visceral (hyoid to thorax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

superficial space

A

entire length of neck

  • surrounds platysma
  • contains areolar tissue, nodes, nerves, and vessels
  • involved with cellulitis and superficial abscesses
  • treat with incision along langer’s lines, drainage and antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

retropharyngeal space

A
  • entire neck
  • anterior–pharynx and esophagus (buccopharyngeal fascia)
  • posterior–alar layer of deep fascia
  • superior–skull base
  • inferior–superior mediastinum (combines with buccopharyngeal fascia at level of T1-T2)
  • *contains retropharyngeal nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

danger space

A
  • entire length of neck
  • anterior–alar layer of deep fascia
  • posterior–prevertebral layer
  • extends from skull base to diaphragm (why it’s dangerous)
  • **contains loose areolar tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

prevertebral space

A
  • entire neck
  • anterior–prevertebral fascia
  • posterior–vertebral bodies and deep neck muscles
  • lateral–transverse processes
  • extends along entire length of vertebral column
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

visceral vascular space

A
  • entire length of neck
  • carotid sheath
  • deep cervical lymph nodes and receive drainage from most of lymphatic vessels in head and neck
24
Q

submandibular space

A
  • superior–oral mucosa
  • inferior–superficial layer of deep fascia
  • anterior and lateral–mandible
  • posterior–hyoid and base of tongue musculature
25
Q

2 components of submandibular space

A
  • separated by mylohyoid muscle
    1. sublingual space–areolar tissue, hypoglossal and lingual nerves, sublingual gland, wharton’s duct
    2. submaxillary space–anterior bellies of digastric, submental compartment, submaxillary compartment, submandibular gland
26
Q

lateral pharyngeal space

A
  • suprahyoid
  • superior–skull base
  • inferior–hyoid
  • anterior–pterygomandibular raphe
  • posterior–prevertberal fascia
  • medial–buccopharyngeal fascia
  • lateral–superficial layer of deep fascia
27
Q

2 parts of lateral pharyngeal space

A
  • subdivided by styloid process
    1. prestyloid: muscular compartment, medial–tonsillar fossa, lateral–medial pterygoid, contains fat, CT, nodes
    2. poststyloid: neurovascular compartment, carotid sheath, cranial nerves IX, X, XI, XII, sympathetic chain
28
Q

stylopharyngeal aponeurosis of zuckerkandel and testut

A
  • alar, buccopharyngeal, and stylomuscular fascia

- prevents infectious spread from anterior to posterior

29
Q

what neck spaces does lateral pharyngeal space communicate with?

A
  • parotid
  • masticator
  • peritonsillar
  • submandibular
  • retropharyngeal
30
Q

peritonsillar space

A
  • suprahyoid
  • medial–capsule of palatine tonsil
  • lateral–superior pharyngeal constrictor
  • superior–anterior tonsil pillar
  • inferior–posterior tonsil pillar
31
Q

what are the masticator and temporal spaces formed by?

A

superficial layer of deep cervical fascia

32
Q

masticator space

A
  • antero-lateral to pharyngomaxillary space
  • contains masseter, pterygoids, body of ramus of mandible, inferior alveolar nerves and vessels, tendon of temporalis muscle
33
Q

temporal space

A
  • continuous with masticator space
  • lateral–temporalis fascia
  • medial–periosteum of temporal bone
  • superficial and deep spaces divided by temporalis muscle
34
Q

parotid space

A
  • suprahyoid

- superficial layer of deep fascia: deep septa from capsule into gland, direct communication to parapharyngeal space

35
Q

contents of parotid space

A
  • external carotid artery
  • posterior facial vein
  • facial nerve
  • lymph nodes
36
Q

anterior visceral space (pretracheal)

A
  • infrahyoid
  • enclosed by visceral division of middle layer of deep fascia
  • contains thyroid **
  • surrounds trachea
37
Q

boundaries of anterior visceral space

A
  • superior–thyroid cartilage
  • inferior–anterior superior mediastinum down to the arch of the aorta
  • posterior–anterior wall of esophagus
  • communicates laterally with retropharyngeal space below the thryoid gland
38
Q

why does infection in pretracheal space does not spread upward?

A

infection in pretracheal space is prevented from spread upwards by the attachment of pretracheal fascia and sternothyroid muscle to the oblique ridge of thyroid cartilage

39
Q

classification of fascial spaces

A
  • face–buccal, canine, masticatory, parotid
  • suprahyoid–sublingual, submandibular, lateral pharyngeal, pretonsillar
  • infrahyoid–pretracheal
  • spaces of total neck–retropharyngeal, space of carotid sheath
40
Q

infraorbital space/canine space

A

thin potential space bw levator anguli oris and levator labii superioris muscles

41
Q

sources of infection in canine space

A
  • infections from maxillary canines and bicuspids
  • extension from buccal space
  • skin infection from nose and upper lip
42
Q

buccal space

A

between the buccinator and overlying skin and superficial fascia
-may become involved via upper jaw or lower jaw molars

43
Q

what does the sublingual space contain?

A
  • submandibular duct (whartons)
  • sublingual gland
  • sublingual and lingual nerve
  • terminal branches of lingual artery
  • part of submandibular gland
44
Q

what can the sublingual space be divided into?

A
  • proper sublingual space

- mandibular-lingual sulcus (right and left)

45
Q

spread from sublingual space

A
  • sublingual space of opposite side
  • submandibular space
  • pterigomandibular space
  • parapharyngeal space
  • submental and submandibular lymphnodes
46
Q

deep neck spaces

A
  1. retropharyngeal
  2. lateral pharyngeal
  3. pretracheal spaces all lie on superficial side of visceral division of the middle layer of the deep cervical fascia
47
Q

parapharyngeal space abscess

A
  • infection in pharynx, tonsils, adenoids, teeth, parotid, lymph node chains
  • middle ear infections or mastoiditis
  • extension of infection from: peritonsillar space, submandibular space, retropharyngeal space, masticator space
48
Q

infection from lower 3rd molar could go to?

A

submandibular space

49
Q

maxillary abscess can go to

A
  • canine space
  • infratemporal space–> orbit
  • buccal space
50
Q

mandibular abscess can go to

A
  • submandibular space, masticator spaces
  • lateral pharyngeal space (dangerous)
  • carotid sheath–> cranium
  • retropharyngeal space
  • mediastinum
51
Q

ludwigs angina

A
  • life threatening infection
  • bilateral infection of sublingual and submandibular spaces
  • infection of fascial tissue covering glands
  • rare but serious–mortality is close to 100%
  • cause–dental infection in 90% of cases
52
Q

symptoms of ludwigs angina

A
  • neck swelling and pain
  • fever
  • decreased PO
  • odynophagia
  • malaise
  • torticollis
  • otalgia
  • trismus
  • vocal quality change
  • worsening of snoring, sleep apnea
53
Q

diagnosis of ludwigs angina

A
  • clinically

- lateral neck plain film, MRI, CT

54
Q

treatment of ludwigs angina

A
  • antibiotic

- surgical drainage

55
Q

when are complications more common with ludwig’s angina?

A

in old, diabetic and immunocompromized patients

56
Q

descending necrotizing mediastinitis

A

mediastinal infection in which pathology originates in fascial spaces of head and neck and extends down

  • retropharyngeal and danger space–71%
  • visceral vascular –20%
  • anterior visceral–7-8%
  • mortality rate–14-40%
  • hundreds of published cases
57
Q

symptoms of descending necrotizing mediastinitis

A
  • respiratory difficulty
  • tachycardia
  • erythema/edem
  • skin necrosis
  • crepitus
  • chest pain
  • back pain
  • shock

cranio exam 4 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions