Neck Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What are some of the anatomical contents of the neck?
- Arteries
- Veins
- Nerves
- Lymph nodes
- Lymphatic channels
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid glands
- Muscles
- Trachea
What are the following boundaries of the neck:
- superior
- inferior
- anterior
- posterior
- Superior
- Mandible
- Inferior
- Clavicle
- Anterior
- Anterior midline
- Posterior
- Trapezius
What triangles can the neck be split into?
- Anterior triangle
- Anterior boundary
- Midline of the neck
- Posterior boundary
- Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
- Anterior boundary
- Posterior triangle
- Anterior boundary
- Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
- Posterior boundary
- Anterior border of trapezius
- Anterior boundary
What are the following boundaries of the anterior triangle::
- anterior
- posterior
- Anterior triangle
- Anterior boundary
- Midline of the neck
- Posterior boundary
- Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
- Anterior boundary
What are the following boundaries of the posterior triangle:
- anterior
- posterior
- Posterior triangle
- Anterior boundary
- Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
- Posterior boundary
- Anterior border of trapezius
- Anterior boundary
What is the contents of the anterior triangle?
- Common carotid artery
- External carotid artery
- Facial artery
- Hypoglossal nerves
- Vagus nerves
- Glossopharyngeal nerves
- Submandibular nodes
- Submental nodes
- Internal carotid artery
- Internal jugular vein
- Facial vein
- Accessory nerves
- Laryngeal nerves
What is the contents of the posterior triangle?
- Accessory nerve
- Occipital artery
- Lymph nodes
- Cervical nerve plexus
- External jugular vein
What is the main artery in neck?
- Divides at C4 level
- External carotid is the only artery with branches in the neck
- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Occipital
- Facial
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
What level does the common carotid artery divide?
C4
Does the internal or external carotid branch in the neck?
- External carotid is the only artery with branches in the neck
- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Occipital
- Facial
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
What are some branches of the external carotid artery?
- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Occipital
- Facial
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
What are the main veins of the neck?
What are indications for a central venous line?
- Central venous pressure
- Drug administration
- Cardiac pacing
- Blood sampling
- Fluid resuscitation
- Haemodialysis
- Intravenous nutrition
What are possible complications of central venous line?
- Pneumothorax
- Haematoma
- Cardiac tamponade
- Air embolism
- Chylothorax
- False passage
- Thrombosis
- Sepsis
- Line blockage
Where do lymph nodes of the neck drain to?
- 600 lymph nodes in the head and neck
- Receive lymph/tissue waste product
- Drain to cisterna chyli
- Then drain to thoracic duct on left
- Descried in groups and levels
What are some lymph node groups of the neck?
- Parotid nodes
- Scalp, face and parotid gland
- Occipital nodes
- Scalp
- Superficial cervical nodes
- Breasts and solid viscera
- Deep cervical nodes
- Final drainage pathway to thoracic duct
- Submandibular nodes
- Tongue, nose, paranasal sinuses, submandibular gland and oral cavity
- Submental nodes
- Lips and floor of mouth
- Supraclavicular nodes
- Breast, oesophagus and solid viscera
What are the different lymph node levels?
What do the following lymph nodes drain:
- parotid
- occipital
- superficial cervical
- deep cervical
- submandibular
- submental
- supraclavicular
- Parotid nodes
- Scalp, face and parotid gland
- Occipital nodes
- Scalp
- Superficial cervical nodes
- Breasts and solid viscera
- Deep cervical nodes
- Final drainage pathway to thoracic duct
- Submandibular nodes
- Tongue, nose, paranasal sinuses, submandibular gland and oral cavity
- Submental nodes
- Lips and floor of mouth
- Supraclavicular nodes
- Breast, oesophagus and solid viscera
Aetiology of lymphadenopathy?
- Infective
- Inflammatory
- Malignant
What does the thyroid hormone produce?
- Produces thyroid hormone and calcitonin
What are the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland joined by?
Isthmus
What does calcitonin do?
- Calcitonin acts to lower calcium and raise phosphate
Thyroglossal cyst - pathology
- Dilation of the thyroglossal duct remnant
Thyroglossal cyst - complications
- May become infected