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Neck anatomy > Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the superior 1/3 of the oesophagus?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

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2
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the middle third of the oesophagus?

A

Posterior and superior mediastinal nodes

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3
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lower third of the oesophagus?

A

Left gastric and coeliac nodes

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4
Q

What is the blood supply to the abdominal oesophagus?

A

Left gastric artery and left inferior phrenic artery

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5
Q

What is the venous drainage of the oesophagus ?

A

Azygous vein - systemic

Left gastric vein - portal

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6
Q

What are the 4 physiological constrictions of the oesophagus ? (ABCD)

A

A - arch of aorta
B - bronchus (left main stem)
C - cricoid cartilage
D - diaphragmatic hiatus

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7
Q

What type of epithelium predominates the oesophagus lining?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

What is the length of the oesophagus ?

A

25cm

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9
Q

What are the 3 characteristic feature of the cervical spine vertebrae?

A
  1. Triangular vertebral foremen
  2. Bifid spinous process
  3. Transverse foramina
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10
Q

What does the ‘atlas’ refer to?

A

C1

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11
Q

What does the axis refer to?

A

C2

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12
Q

Why is the external jugular vein susceptible to injury?

A

Superficial course in the neck

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13
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superior - mandible inferior border
Lateral - anterior border of SCM
Medial - midline of neck

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14
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior - posterior border of SCM
Posterior - anterior border of trapezius
Inferior - middle 1/3 of clavicle

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15
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid
Internal jugular
Hypoglossal and vagus nerves
Ansa cervicalis

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the infrahyoid (strap) muscles?

A

Ansa cervicalis and CNXII

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17
Q

Which nerve transmits information to the brain from the carotid sinus?

A

Glossypharyngeal nerve

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18
Q

Which arteries provide the blood supply to the scalp?

A

Superficial temporal
Occipital
Posterior auricular

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19
Q

Which artery is implicated during an extradural haematoma?

A

Middle meningeal artery (branch of maxillary)

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20
Q

Which jugular vein is the continuation of the sigmoid sinus?

A

Internal jugular vein

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21
Q

What sort of defect would someone with diaphragmatic paralysis show on spirometry?

A

Restrictive defect

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy?

A

Hoarse voice

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23
Q

What are the clinical features of a bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy?

A

Breathing difficulty, a phobia

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24
Q

Which laryngeal cartilage forms a full ring around the larynx?

A

Cricoid cartilage (used in RSI)

25
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid artery originate?

A

Thyrocervical trunk

26
Q

Where does the superior thyroid artery originate?

A

External carotid artery

27
Q

What is the embryological origin of the superior thyroid glands?

A

4th pharyngeal pouch

28
Q

What is the embryological origin of the inferior parathyroid glands?

A

3rd pharyngeal pouch

29
Q

Where are the superior parathyroid glands located?

A

1cm superior to entry of inferior thyroid arteries

Inferior border of cricoid cartilage

30
Q

at what level does the trachea originate?

A

C6

31
Q

at what level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4/5

32
Q

At what level does the carotid artery bifurcate?

A

Upper border of thyroid cartilage

C4/5

33
Q

what is the level of the hyoid bone?

A

C3

34
Q

what level is the notch of thyroid cartilage located?

A

C4

35
Q

Where does the cricoid cartilage located?

A

C6

36
Q

which vertebral levels does the larynx occupy?

A

C3-C6

37
Q

what name is given to the narrowest part of the larynx?

A

Rima Glottidis

38
Q

at what vertebral level does the inferior thyroid artery enter the thyroid?

A

C6 - lower border of cricoid cartilage

39
Q

what is the arterial supply of the larynx?

A

Laryngeal arteries - branches of superior and inferior thyroid artery

40
Q

what is the venous drainage of the larynx?

A

Superior and Inferior Laryngeal Arteries (to superior and middle thyroid veins)

41
Q

which muscle abducts the vocal folds - i.e. opens the rima glottidis?

A

Posterior Cricothyroid

42
Q

which muscles close the rima glottidis?

A

Lateral cricothyroid

Transverse + Oblique arytenoids

43
Q

which muscle tenses the vocal folds?

A

Cricothyroid

44
Q

what are the eight branches of the external carotid artery?

A 
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual 
Facial 
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
45
Q

what are the branches of the subclavian artery?

A 
Vertebral 
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular
(VIT CD)
46
Q

what are the branches of the axillary artery?

A 
Superior thoracic
Thoracoacromial
Lateral thoracic
Subscapular 
Anterior humeral circumflex
Posterior humeral circumflex
47
Q

what arteries branch from the thyrocervical trunk?

A

inferior thyroid
suprascapular
transverse cervical

48
Q

to which vessel does the middle thyroid vein drain?

A

internal jugular vein

49
Q

to which vessel does the inferior thyroid vein drain?

A

brachiocephalic vein

50
Q 
the following nerves lie in which triangle of the neck?
Supraclavicular nerve
transverse cervical nerve
greater auricular nerve
lesser occipital nerve
A

posterior triangle

51
Q

the phrenic nerve lies in which triangle of the neck?

A

posterior triangle

52
Q

the external jugular vein lies in which triangle of the neck?

A

posterior triangle

53
Q

the internal jugular vein lies in which triangle of the neck?

A

anterior triangle

54
Q

the ansa cervicalis lies in which triangle of the neck?

A

anterior

55
Q

a pharyngeal pouch will tend to occur between which two muscles?

A

cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus

killians triangle

56
Q

cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus make up which constrictor of the pharynx?

A

inferior

57
Q

does the cervical sympathetic chain lie anterior or posterior to the carotid sheath?

A

posterior

58
Q

what pathological feature is present in branchial cysts?

A

cholesterol crystals

Neck anatomy (2 decks)

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