Neck Anatomy Flashcards
Can cartilage of the neck ossify?
Yes, it is possible to fracture the hyoid bone in elderly due to ossification
How many vertebra can be found on the cervical region?
seven
What’s the origin and insertion of sternocleidomastoid?
from the mastoid process to the sternum, but we a clavicular attachment
Where does the phrenic nerve in the neck region?
along the course of sternomastoid
Where is the anterior triangle of the neck?
medial to sternomastoid
base from inferior mandible, apex inferiorly merging into root of neck
Where is the posterior triangle of the neck?
Lateral to sternomastoid
apex superiorly and broad base inferiorly
what can be found in the vertebral compartment of the neck?
bone, and muscles that compete for attachments on bony processes
what can be found in the visceral compartment of the neck
oesophagus, thyroid, trachea
what can be found in the vascular compartment
common carotid until C4, internal jugular vein
What are the four deep layers of fascia in the neck?
investing fascia
pretracheal fascia
prevertebral fascia
carotid sheath
what does the investing fascia surround?
two muscles
sternomastoid and trapezius
why is the carotid sheath thin around the internal jugular vein
because veins need to expand
When does cervical lordotic curve develop? What is the curve created by?
6-9 months, formed by the intervertebral disc and facilitated by muscle
What features does a typical cervical vertebra have?
transverse foramen with anterior and posterior tubercle, seals laterally by transverse bar
bifurcation of spinous process
uncinate processes to keep movement in the saggital plane
What are the attachments and insertions of scalenus anterior and medius
SA: from typical vertebra to first rib
SM: from posterior tubercle to first rib
what comes out between the scalenus anterior and medius
subclavian artery and brachial plexus
What’s the significance of cranial shift and finding elongation of anterior tubercle at C7
there may be entrapment of nerve roots
What are the features of C1, atlas
it’s a ring of bone without body. Most laterally placed transverse process
inner facet anteriorly to articulate with dens
occipital condyles superiorly
What are the features of C2, axis
dens, pivot joint with C1
very stable
What’s the difference in spinal nerve course between atypical and typical cervical vertebrae
in C1 and C2, the spinal nerve passes posterior to facet joint
in typical vertebrae, the spinal nerve passes anterior to facet joint
Which cervical segments contain transverse process with artery within
C1 to C6
What does the large intervertebral discs of cervical spine prevent?
forward slip and rotation
What is a common cause of injury to the cervical facet joints?
hyperextension in a whiplash injury
How much movement is permitted at the atlanto-occipital joint
15-20 degrees
How much movement is permitted at the atlanto-axial joint
3-4 degrees of AP movement
50% of the rotational movement
In the neck region, what do these ligaments change their names to
1) anterior longitudinal ligament
2) posterior longitudinal ligament
3) ligamentum flavum
4) supraspinous ligament
1) anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
2) membrana techtoria
3) posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
4) ligament nuchae
where is the alar ligament
either side of the dens
Transverse and vertical ligaments come together to form the ________
cruciform ligament
Where is the superior nuchal
they can be found as lateral extensions of the external occipital protuberance
the superficial fascia contains a thick sheet of platysma, what’s the function of platysma muscle
the muscle blends with the muscle of the face. It is for facial expression
describe the location of external jugular vein in the neck
It’s found on the superficial fascia, traveling form the angle of mandible along the course of sternocleidomastoid
which pair of veins travels on the midline of the neck
anterior jugular vein
T/F Investing fascia surrounds all compartments of the neck
True
Which muscles does the investing fascia enclose?
SCM and trapezius
What are the two fascia sheaths of the pretracheal (visceral) fascia
pretacheal and buccopharyngeal
The pretracheal fascia extends up to the hyoid bone, what is the significance of that?
anything enclosed in the fascia will move up and down with swallowing
Where are the attachments of supra-hyoid muscle, and what’s the action of the this muscle
connect the hyoid to the mandible. Contraction will elevate the hyoid and the larynx
Where are the attachments of infra-hyoid muscle, and what’s the action of this muscle
connect hyoid to the sternum, clavicle (+1 to the scapula)
contraction will depress the hyoid and the larynx
What are the branches of the external carotid artery
superior thyroid artery ascending pharyngeal artery lingual artery facial artery occipital artery posterior auricular artery maxillary artery superficial temporal artery
What are the two main branches of glossopharyngeal nerve at the neck region?
one branch to the carotid sinus
one branch to pharynx anteriorly
T/F Vagus nerve runs in the carotid sheath
True, vagus travels with the vascular structures
T/F Accessory nerve runs in the anterior triangle
False, it travels in the posterior triangle
Where is the isthmus of thyroid located?
it covers the 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilage
T/F The extra pyramidal lobe is typically on the right side if it is present
False, it’s classically on the left
With an enlarged thyroid, what are the 4 symptoms that may occur
respiratory obstruction
dysphagia
hoarse voice
venous distention
Where does the inferior thyroid artery come from
from the thryo-cervical trunk of the subclavian
Which part of the tongue is a sign of origin of thyroid
foramen caecum
Which two bones does the subclavian artery travel inbetween?
clavicle and the first rib
