Neck

Question 1

Set up for trachy?

Answer 1

GA, supine, sandbag under neck to maintain extension

Question 2

Landmarks for incision for trachy

Answer 2

Laryngeal prominence, cricoid cartilage, sternal notch

Question 3

Incision for trachy

Answer 3

Transverse midline incision, halfway between cricoid cartilage and sternal notch.

Question 4

Layers of trachy?

Answer 4

Skin, fat, infrahyoids, thyroid isthmus, tracheal catilage

Question 5

Watch to watch out for in trachy?

Answer 5

Recurrent laryngeal inferiorly, anterior jugular vein superficially, thyroid IMA artery

Question 6

Incision in trachea?

Answer 6

bjork/square flap or vertical incision

Question 7

Why crocothyroid ligament for emergency airway?

Answer 7

most superficial aspect of airway, below glottis

Question 8

Set up for Neck dissection?

Answer 8

GA, supine, slight head tilt, head tilted to opposite side

Question 9

Landmarks for incision for ND?

Answer 9

mastoid process and laryngeal prominence

Question 10

First three layers for ND?

Answer 10

Skin, fat, platsyma, reflect over mandible

Question 11

Watch to avoid 1 in ND?

Answer 11

Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve, superficial to facial artery and vein

Question 12

What is the superficial to the posterior belly of digastric between the mandible and scm. what does it drain into?

Answer 12

retromandibular vein, into external jug

Question 13

What fascia surrounds scm ?

Answer 13

investing layer, external deep layer of fascia surrounding everything, esp. traps and scm

Question 14

Other fascial layers in the neck?

Answer 14

superficial cervical, deep cervical fascia= investing, pretracheal, prevertebral and carotid sheath(vagus)

Question 15

Which nerve is inferior to SCM? What does it divide it into? Which other nerve is paralell to it?

Answer 15

Accessory nerve, anterior and middle thirds, greater auricular nerve

Question 16

What structure most you avoid when cleaning around the IJV?

Answer 16

Thoracic duct

Question 17

What nerve is deep to the posterior belly of digastric? and which nerve can guide you to it?

Answer 17

Hyperglossal nerve, descendens hyperglossi

Question 18

Which nerve is deep and superior to the submandibular gland?

Answer 18

lingual nerve

Question 19

What muscles make up the supra and infrahyoids?

Answer 19

digastric, mylo, genio, stylo

omo, strerno, thyro, sternothyroid

Question 20

Paroidtectomy set up?

Answer 20

GA, supine, slight head tilt

Question 21

Incision for parotidectomy?

Answer 21

lazy s shape from tragus around lobule, curve (anteriorly 2 cm to mandible t avoid submandibular gland) along anterior boarder of scm to upper cervical crease.

Question 22

What muscle and nerve are first exposed and usually sacrificed? what deficit does this cause?

Answer 22

SCM and greater auricular nerve, parasthesia or ear lobe

Question 23

What is consistent with the surgical capsule of the parotid?

Answer 23

SMAS- superficial musclo-aponeurotic sytem

Question 24

What muscle is the facial nerve superficial to?

Answer 24

posterior belly of digastric and its attachment to the mastoid process

Question 25

What landmark is the facial nerve medial and inferior to?

Answer 25

1cm medial and inferior to tragal pointer

Question 26

What foramen does the facial nerve emerge from and what are its branches?

Answer 26

stylomastoid foramen and TZBMC

Question 27

What are the branches of the external carotid?

Answer 27

``` Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal ```

Question 28

What are the branches of the subclevian artery?

Answer 28

``` Vertebral Internal thoracic Thyrocervical Costocervical Dorsal scapular ```

Question 29

Lymph nodes of the neck?

Answer 29

Post auricular, occipital, posterior cerivical, deep cervical, supraclavicular, anterior cervical, parotid, preauricular, submandibular, submental