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Clin Anat I - Exam #1 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the surface anatomy assessment in physical exam

A
  • observation and palpation
  • normal v. abnormal
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2
Q

What is the most prominent spinous process at the base of the neck?

A
  • C7
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3
Q

What is the keystone of the neck?

A
  • hyoid
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4
Q

Describe how to palpate the hyoid?

A
  • superior to the laryngeal prominence
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5
Q

What is the Adams Apple?

A
  • laryngeal prominence
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6
Q

What are the landmarks on the hyoid?

A
  • lesser cornu
  • body
  • greater cornu
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7
Q

Describe the functional role of cervical fascia

A
  • vertical fascial compartments of neck
  • “contain” infection, abscess, pathology
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8
Q

Where is the superfiscial cervical fascia?

A
  • anterolateral cervical subcutaneous tissue
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9
Q

What is contained in the superficial cervical fascia?

A
  • platysma
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10
Q

What are the deep cervical fascia layers?

A
  • investing
  • pretracheal
  • prevertebral
  • carotid sheath
  • retropharyngeal space
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11
Q

Which layer of deep cervical fascia is indicated by the RED?

A
  • investing
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12
Q

What is contained in the investing layer?

A
  • SCM
  • upper trap
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13
Q

What are the two portions of the pretracheal layer?

A
  • muscular
  • visceral
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14
Q

Which layer is indicated by the PURPLE?

A
  • pretracheal - muscular portion
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15
Q

Which layer is indicated by the BLUE?

A
  • pretracheal - visceral portion
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16
Q

What is contained in the muscular portion of the pretracheal layer?

A
  • infrahyoid muscles
  • suprahyoid muscles
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17
Q

What is contained in the visceral portion of the pretracheal layer?

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • parhynx
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18
Q

What is indicated by the ORANGE?

A
  • prevertebral layer
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19
Q

What is contained in the prevertebral layer?

A
  • scalenes
  • other prevertebral muscles
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20
Q

What is indicated by BROWN?

A
  • carotid sheath
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21
Q

What is contained by the carotid sheath?

A
  • common carotid a. (CCA)
  • internal carotid a. (ICA)
  • internal jugular v. (IJV)
  • CN 10 (vagus n.)
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22
Q

What is the space between the prevertebral fascia and the visceral portion of the pretracheal fascia?

A
  • retropharyngeal space
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23
Q

What is the clinical reasoning of the retropharyngeal space?

A
  • allows for expansion of esophagus when swallowing
  • trauma
  • infection
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24
Q

What is indicated by GREEN?

A
  • buccopharyngeal fascia
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25
Q

What are the two parts of the thyroid gland?

A
  • R and L lobe
  • isthmus
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26
Q

What is the function of the thyroid gland?

A
  • growth and metabolism of human cells
  • calcium homeostasis via calcitonin
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27
Q

Where is the thyroid in relationship to other neck muscles?

A
  • deep to infrahyoid m.
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28
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A
  • two on each lobe, one superior and one inferior
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29
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid gland?

A
  • calcium/phosphate regulation
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30
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

A
  • constrictor pharyngeal (superior, middle, inferior)
  • platopharyngeal
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31
Q

What are the regions of the pharynx?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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32
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A
  • superior to the soft palate
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33
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A
  • soft palate to epiglottis
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34
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A
  • epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
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35
Q

What are the regions of the esophagus?

A
  • first third
  • middle third
  • bottom third
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36
Q

What is the muscle type of the 1st third of the esophagus?

A
  • voluntary, striated
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37
Q

What is the muscle type of the middle third of the esophagus?

A
  • mixed between striated and smooth
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38
Q

What is the muscle type of the bottom third of the esophagus?

A
  • involuntary, smooth
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39
Q

What are the borders of the 1st third of the esophagus?

A
  • oropharynx to superior thoracic cavity
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40
Q

What are the borders of the middle third of the esophagus?

A
  • superior thoracic cavity to diaphram
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41
Q

What are the borders of the bottom esophagus?

A
  • diaphram to stomach
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42
Q

What are the structures in the endocrine viscera?

A
  • tyroid
  • parathyroid
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43
Q

What are the structure of the alimentary viscera?

A
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
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44
Q

What are the structures in the respirtatory viscera?

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
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45
Q

What innervates the larynx?

A
  • CN 10 (vagus n.)
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46
Q

What are the branches of the vagus n. (CN10)?

A
  • superior laryngeal
    • internal laryngeal
    • external laryngeal
  • recurrent laryngeal
    • inferior laryngeal
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47
Q

What does the right recurrent laryngeal n. loop under?

A
  • right subclavian a.
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48
Q

What does the left recurrent laryngeal n. loop under?

A
  • aortic arch
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49
Q

What does the inferior laryngeal n. innervate?

A
  • all intrinsic laryngeal muscles EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID M.
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50
Q

What is seen on the c-spine lateral XR view?

A
  • C1-C7
  • C1 posterior arch
  • C2-C7 SP
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51
Q

What is seen on the AP c-spine XR view?

A
  • SP (not specific levels)
  • tracheal shadow
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52
Q

What is the c-spine AP view used for?

A
  • alignment
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53
Q

What is seen on an open mouth c-spine XR view?

A
  • dens
  • C2 body
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54
Q

What is seen on the c-spine oblique XR view?

A
  • intervertebral foremen
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55
Q

Identify

A
  • platysma
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56
Q

Identify

A
  1. clavicular end of SCM
  2. sternal end of SCM
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57
Q

Identify

A
  • upper trapezius
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58
Q

Identify

A
  • sternohyoid
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59
Q

Identify

A
  • thyrohyoid
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60
Q

Identify

A
  1. superior belly of omohyoid
  2. inferior belly of omohyoid
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61
Q

Identify

A
  • mylohyoid
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62
Q

Identify

A
  • geniohyoid
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63
Q

Identify

A
  • stylohyoid
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64
Q

Identify

A
  1. anterior belly of digastric
  2. posterior belly of digastric
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65
Q

Identify

A
  1. anterior scalenes
  2. middle scalenes
  3. posterior scalenes
  4. brachial plexus
  5. phrenic n.
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66
Q

Identify

A
  • splenius capitis
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67
Q

Identify

A
  • levator scapula
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68
Q

Identify

A
  1. rectus capitis lateralis
  2. longus colli/capitis
  3. rectus capitis anterior
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69
Q

Locate the thyroid

A
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70
Q

Locate the parathyroid glands

A
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71
Q

Identify

A
  • constrictor
72
Q

Identify

A
  • platopharyngeal
73
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A
  • voice production
74
Q

Identify

A
  • thyroid notch
75
Q

Identify

A
  • thyroid cartilage lamina
76
Q

Identify

A
  • thyrohyoid membrane
77
Q

Identify

A
  • laryngeal prominence
78
Q

Identify

A
  • epiglottis
79
Q

Identify

A
  • cricoid cartilage
80
Q

What are the 3 primary branches off the aortic arch?

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid a.
  • left subclavian a.
81
Q

What are the two branches off the brachiocephalic trunk?

A
  • right common carotid a.
  • right subclavian a.
82
Q

What is a key difference when distinguishing between the ECA and the ICA?

A
  • ECA has branches
  • ICA has NO branches
83
Q

Identify

A
  1. external carotid a.
  2. common carotid a.
  3. internal carotid a.
84
Q

What is contained in the carotid sheat?

A
  • common carotid a.
  • internal carotid a.
  • internal jugular v.
  • vagus n.
85
Q

What is the carotid body?

A
  • chemoreceptor
86
Q

Where is the carotid body?

A
  • CCA bifurcation
87
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A
  • baroreceptor
88
Q

Where is the carotid sinus?

A
  • proximal ICA
89
Q

Identify

A
  1. carotid body
  2. carotid sinus
90
Q

What are the 4 branches (out of 8) of the ECA?

A
  • superior thyroid
  • facial
  • maxillary
  • superior temporal
91
Q

Identify

A
  1. superior thyroid
  2. facial
  3. CCA
  4. ICA
  5. ECA
92
Q

Identify

A
  1. superior thyroid
  2. facial
  3. maxillary
  4. superficial temporal
93
Q

What is the route of the subclavian a?

A
  • up and over 1st rib
  • between anterior and middle scalenes
94
Q

What are the 3 (out of 4) branches of the subclavian a?

A
  • vertebral a.
  • thyrocervical trunk
  • costocervical trunk
95
Q

Identify

A
  1. vertebral a.
  2. thyrocervical trunk
  3. anterior scalenes
  4. brachial plexus
  5. subclavian a.
96
Q

What is the route of the vertebral a.?

A
  • ascends in c-spine transverse foramen
  • enters skul via foramen magnum
97
Q

What two vessels enter the Circle of Willis?

A
  • ICA
  • vertebral a.
98
Q

What branches off of the thyrocervical trunk?

A
  • inferior thyroid a.
  • ascending cervical a.
  • transverse cervical a.
  • suprascapular a.
99
Q

Identify

A
  1. Thyrocervical trunk

A. inferior thyroid a.

B. ascending cervical a.

C. transverse cervical a.

D. Suprascapular a.

100
Q

Identify

A
  1. thyrocervical trunk

A. inferior thyroid a.

C. transverse cervical a.

D. suprascapular a.

101
Q

Identify

A
  1. costocervical trunk

A. deep cervical a.

102
Q

platysma inervation

A

CN 7 - facial n.

103
Q

SCM attachments

A

mastoid process to sternum and distal calvicle

104
Q

SCM action

A

contralateral rotation and bilateral anterior head translation

105
Q

SCM innervation

A

CN 11

106
Q

upper trap action

A

contralateral rotation and bilateral anterior head translation

107
Q

upper trap innervation

A

CN 11

108
Q

sternohyoid attachments

A

sterum to hyoid

109
Q

sternohyoid action

A

depresses hyoid

110
Q

sternohyoid innervation

A

ansa cervicalis

111
Q

sternothyroid attchment

A

sterum to thyroid

112
Q

sternothyroid action

A

depresses hyoid

113
Q

sternothyroid innervation

A

ansa cervicalis

114
Q

thyrohyoid attachment

A

thyroid to hyoid

115
Q

thyrohyoid action

A

depresses hyoid

116
Q

thyrohyoid innervation

A

ansa cervicalis

117
Q

omohyoid attachment

A

scapula to hyoid

118
Q

omohyoid action

A

depresses hyoid

119
Q

omohyoid innervation

A

ansa cervicalis

120
Q

What are the two bellies of omohyoid?

A
  • superior
  • inferior
121
Q

mylohyoid attachments

A

hyoid to mandible

122
Q

mylohyoid action

A

elevates hyoid

123
Q

mylohyoid innervation

A

CN 5

124
Q

geniohyoid attachment

A

myoid to mandible

125
Q

geniohyoid action

A

elevates hyoid

126
Q

geniohyoid innervation

A

CN 12

127
Q

stylohyoid attachment

A

hyoid to styloid process

128
Q

stylohyoid action

A

elevates hyoid

129
Q

stylohyoid innervation

A

CN 7

130
Q

digastric attachment

A

mastoid to hyoid to mandible

131
Q

digastric action

A

elevates hyoid

132
Q

digastric innervation

A

anterior belly CN 5

posterior belly CN 7

133
Q

What are the two bellies of digastric?

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
134
Q

anterior scalenes attachment

A

C2-C7 TP to 1st rib

135
Q

anterior scalenes action

A

lateral flexion

136
Q

middle scalenes attachment

A

C2-C7 TP to 1st rib

137
Q

middle scalenes action

A

lateral flexion

138
Q

What exits between anterior and middle scalenes?

A
  • brachial plexus
  • phrenic n.
  • subclavian a.
139
Q

posterior scalenes attachment

A

C2-C7 TP to 2nd rib

140
Q

posterior scalenes action

A

lateral flexion

141
Q

longus colli/capitis action

A

deep neck flexor

142
Q

Identify

A
  1. IJV
  2. EJV
  3. anterior jugular v.
143
Q

Where do the cranial/cervical lymph nodes drain?

A
  • into IJV junction with brachiocephalic v.
  • R: right lymphatic duct
  • L: thoracic duct
144
Q

Identify

A

A. occipital

B. post auricular

C. pre auricular

D. jugulogastric

E. submandibular

F. submental

G. superficial cervical (ant and lat)

H. deep cervical (ant and lat)

I. supraclavicular/transverse cervical

145
Q

Where does the brachial plexus exit the neck?

A
  • between ant and middle scalenes
146
Q

What are the three divisions of the cervical plexus?

A
  • cutaneous branches
  • phrenic n.
  • ansa cervicalis
147
Q

Identify

A

A. lesser occipital

B. greater auricular

C. transverse cervical

D. suprascapular

148
Q

What do the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus supply?

A
  • sensation to skin of neck/lower head
149
Q

Identify

A

A. lesser occipital

B. greater auricular

150
Q

Identify

A

C. transverse cervical

D. suprascapular

151
Q

What does the phrenic n. innervate?

A
  • motor to diaphram
152
Q

Identify

A
  1. phrenic n.
  2. vagus n.
153
Q

What level is the phrenic n. from?

A
  • C3-C5
154
Q

Identify A

A

A1. superior root of ansa cervicalis

A2. inferior root of ansa cervicalis

155
Q

What muscles to B and C innervate?

A

B1. superior and inferior belly

B2. sternohyoid

B3. sternothyroid

C1. thyrohyoid

156
Q

Identify

A

A. CN 10 (vagus)

B. CN 11 (accessory)

C. CN 12 (hypoglossal)

157
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A
  • SCM
  • upper trap
  • clavicle
158
Q

What are the muscle contents of the posterior triangle?

A
  • inferior omohyoid
  • scalenes
  • levator scap
  • splenius cap
159
Q

What are the NAV contents of the posterior triangle?

A
  • brachial plexus
  • EJV
  • transverse cervical n.
  • suprascap n.
  • subclavian a.
  • supraclav LN
  • superficial cervical LN
  • CN 11
160
Q

Identify

A
  • posterior triangle
161
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

A
  • SCM
  • midline
  • mandible
162
Q

What are the sub-divisions of the anterior triangle?

A
  • submandibular
  • carotid
  • muscular
  • submental
163
Q

Identify

A

anterior triangle

164
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • mandible
  • anterior digastric
  • posterior digastric
165
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • submandibular gland
  • submandibular lymph nodes
  • CN 12
166
Q

Identify

A

submandibular triangle

167
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A
  • SCM
  • posterior digastric
  • superior omohyoid
168
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A
  • carotid sheath contents
  • CN 11 & 12
  • thyroid gland
  • larynx
  • pharynx
  • cervical LN
169
Q

Identify

A

carotid triangle

170
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A
  • midline
  • SCM
  • superior omohyoid
171
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A
  • infrahyoid muscle group
  • thryroid
  • parathyroid
172
Q

Identify

A

muscular triangle

173
Q

What are the borders of the submental triangle?

A
  • hyoid
  • R anterior digastric
  • L anterior digastric
174
Q

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

A
  • submental LN
175
Q

Identify

A

submental triangle

Clin Anat I - Exam #1 (3 decks)

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