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Clin Anat I - Exam #1 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the surface anatomy assessment in physical exam

A
  • observation and palpation
  • normal v. abnormal
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2
Q

What is the most prominent spinous process at the base of the neck?

A
  • C7
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3
Q

What is the keystone of the neck?

A
  • hyoid
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4
Q

Describe how to palpate the hyoid?

A
  • superior to the laryngeal prominence
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5
Q

What is the Adams Apple?

A
  • laryngeal prominence
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6
Q

What are the landmarks on the hyoid?

A
  • lesser cornu
  • body
  • greater cornu
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7
Q

Describe the functional role of cervical fascia

A
  • vertical fascial compartments of neck
  • “contain” infection, abscess, pathology
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8
Q

Where is the superfiscial cervical fascia?

A
  • anterolateral cervical subcutaneous tissue
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9
Q

What is contained in the superficial cervical fascia?

A
  • platysma
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10
Q

What are the deep cervical fascia layers?

A
  • investing
  • pretracheal
  • prevertebral
  • carotid sheath
  • retropharyngeal space
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11
Q

Which layer of deep cervical fascia is indicated by the RED?

A
  • investing
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12
Q

What is contained in the investing layer?

A
  • SCM
  • upper trap
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13
Q

What are the two portions of the pretracheal layer?

A
  • muscular
  • visceral
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14
Q

Which layer is indicated by the PURPLE?

A
  • pretracheal - muscular portion
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15
Q

Which layer is indicated by the BLUE?

A
  • pretracheal - visceral portion
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16
Q

What is contained in the muscular portion of the pretracheal layer?

A
  • infrahyoid muscles
  • suprahyoid muscles
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17
Q

What is contained in the visceral portion of the pretracheal layer?

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • parhynx
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18
Q

What is indicated by the ORANGE?

A
  • prevertebral layer
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19
Q

What is contained in the prevertebral layer?

A
  • scalenes
  • other prevertebral muscles
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20
Q

What is indicated by BROWN?

A
  • carotid sheath
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21
Q

What is contained by the carotid sheath?

A
  • common carotid a. (CCA)
  • internal carotid a. (ICA)
  • internal jugular v. (IJV)
  • CN 10 (vagus n.)
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22
Q

What is the space between the prevertebral fascia and the visceral portion of the pretracheal fascia?

A
  • retropharyngeal space
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23
Q

What is the clinical reasoning of the retropharyngeal space?

A
  • allows for expansion of esophagus when swallowing
  • trauma
  • infection
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24
Q

What is indicated by GREEN?

A
  • buccopharyngeal fascia
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25
What are the two parts of the thyroid gland?
* R and L lobe * isthmus
26
What is the function of the thyroid gland?
* growth and metabolism of human cells * calcium homeostasis via calcitonin
27
Where is the thyroid in relationship to other neck muscles?
* deep to infrahyoid m.
28
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
* two on each lobe, one superior and one inferior
29
What is the function of the parathyroid gland?
* calcium/phosphate regulation
30
What are the muscles of the pharynx?
* constrictor pharyngeal (superior, middle, inferior) * platopharyngeal
31
What are the regions of the pharynx?
* nasopharynx * oropharynx * laryngopharynx
32
Where is the nasopharynx?
* superior to the soft palate
33
Where is the oropharynx?
* soft palate to epiglottis
34
Where is the laryngopharynx?
* epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
35
What are the regions of the esophagus?
* first third * middle third * bottom third
36
What is the muscle type of the 1st third of the esophagus?
* voluntary, striated
37
What is the muscle type of the middle third of the esophagus?
* mixed between striated and smooth
38
What is the muscle type of the bottom third of the esophagus?
* involuntary, smooth
39
What are the borders of the 1st third of the esophagus?
* oropharynx to superior thoracic cavity
40
What are the borders of the middle third of the esophagus?
* superior thoracic cavity to diaphram
41
What are the borders of the bottom esophagus?
* diaphram to stomach
42
What are the structures in the endocrine viscera?
* tyroid * parathyroid
43
What are the structure of the alimentary viscera?
* pharynx * esophagus
44
What are the structures in the respirtatory viscera?
* larynx * trachea
45
What innervates the larynx?
* CN 10 (vagus n.)
46
What are the branches of the vagus n. (CN10)?
* superior laryngeal * internal laryngeal * external laryngeal * recurrent laryngeal * inferior laryngeal
47
What does the right recurrent laryngeal n. loop under?
* right subclavian a.
48
What does the left recurrent laryngeal n. loop under?
* aortic arch
49
What does the inferior laryngeal n. innervate?
* all intrinsic laryngeal muscles EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID M.
50
What is seen on the c-spine lateral XR view?
* C1-C7 * C1 posterior arch * C2-C7 SP
51
What is seen on the AP c-spine XR view?
* SP (not specific levels) * tracheal shadow
52
What is the c-spine AP view used for?
* alignment
53
What is seen on an open mouth c-spine XR view?
* dens * C2 body
54
What is seen on the c-spine oblique XR view?
* intervertebral foremen
55
Identify
* platysma
56
Identify
1. clavicular end of SCM 2. sternal end of SCM
57
Identify
* upper trapezius
58
Identify
* sternohyoid
59
Identify
* thyrohyoid
60
Identify
1. superior belly of omohyoid 2. inferior belly of omohyoid
61
Identify
* mylohyoid
62
Identify
* geniohyoid
63
Identify
* stylohyoid
64
Identify
1. anterior belly of digastric 2. posterior belly of digastric
65
Identify
1. anterior scalenes 2. middle scalenes 3. posterior scalenes 4. brachial plexus 5. phrenic n.
66
Identify
* splenius capitis
67
Identify
* levator scapula
68
Identify
1. rectus capitis lateralis 2. longus colli/capitis 3. rectus capitis anterior
69
Locate the thyroid
70
Locate the parathyroid glands
71
Identify
* constrictor
72
Identify
* platopharyngeal
73
What is the function of the larynx?
* voice production
74
Identify
* thyroid notch
75
Identify
* thyroid cartilage lamina
76
Identify
* thyrohyoid membrane
77
Identify
* laryngeal prominence
78
Identify
* epiglottis
79
Identify
* cricoid cartilage
80
What are the 3 primary branches off the aortic arch?
* brachiocephalic trunk * left common carotid a. * left subclavian a.
81
What are the two branches off the brachiocephalic trunk?
* right common carotid a. * right subclavian a.
82
What is a key difference when distinguishing between the ECA and the ICA?
* ECA has branches * ICA has NO branches
83
Identify
1. external carotid a. 2. common carotid a. 3. internal carotid a.
84
What is contained in the carotid sheat?
* common carotid a. * internal carotid a. * internal jugular v. * vagus n.
85
What is the carotid body?
* chemoreceptor
86
Where is the carotid body?
* CCA bifurcation
87
What is the carotid sinus?
* baroreceptor
88
Where is the carotid sinus?
* proximal ICA
89
Identify
1. carotid body 2. carotid sinus
90
What are the 4 branches (out of 8) of the ECA?
* superior thyroid * facial * maxillary * superior temporal
91
Identify
1. superior thyroid 2. facial 3. CCA 4. ICA 5. ECA
92
Identify
1. superior thyroid 2. facial 3. maxillary 4. superficial temporal
93
What is the route of the subclavian a?
* up and over 1st rib * between anterior and middle scalenes
94
What are the 3 (out of 4) branches of the subclavian a?
* vertebral a. * thyrocervical trunk * costocervical trunk
95
Identify
1. vertebral a. 2. thyrocervical trunk 3. anterior scalenes 4. brachial plexus 5. subclavian a.
96
What is the route of the vertebral a.?
* ascends in c-spine transverse foramen * enters skul via foramen magnum
97
What two vessels enter the Circle of Willis?
* ICA * vertebral a.
98
What branches off of the thyrocervical trunk?
* inferior thyroid a. * ascending cervical a. * transverse cervical a. * suprascapular a.
99
Identify
1. Thyrocervical trunk A. inferior thyroid a. B. ascending cervical a. C. transverse cervical a. D. Suprascapular a.
100
Identify
1. thyrocervical trunk A. inferior thyroid a. C. transverse cervical a. D. suprascapular a.
101
Identify
1. costocervical trunk A. deep cervical a.
102
platysma inervation
CN 7 - facial n.
103
SCM attachments
mastoid process to sternum and distal calvicle
104
SCM action
contralateral rotation and bilateral anterior head translation
105
SCM innervation
CN 11
106
upper trap action
contralateral rotation and bilateral anterior head translation
107
upper trap innervation
CN 11
108
sternohyoid attachments
sterum to hyoid
109
sternohyoid action
depresses hyoid
110
sternohyoid innervation
ansa cervicalis
111
sternothyroid attchment
sterum to thyroid
112
sternothyroid action
depresses hyoid
113
sternothyroid innervation
ansa cervicalis
114
thyrohyoid attachment
thyroid to hyoid
115
thyrohyoid action
depresses hyoid
116
thyrohyoid innervation
ansa cervicalis
117
omohyoid attachment
scapula to hyoid
118
omohyoid action
depresses hyoid
119
omohyoid innervation
ansa cervicalis
120
What are the two bellies of omohyoid?
* superior * inferior
121
mylohyoid attachments
hyoid to mandible
122
mylohyoid action
elevates hyoid
123
mylohyoid innervation
CN 5
124
geniohyoid attachment
myoid to mandible
125
geniohyoid action
elevates hyoid
126
geniohyoid innervation
CN 12
127
stylohyoid attachment
hyoid to styloid process
128
stylohyoid action
elevates hyoid
129
stylohyoid innervation
CN 7
130
digastric attachment
mastoid to hyoid to mandible
131
digastric action
elevates hyoid
132
digastric innervation
anterior belly CN 5 posterior belly CN 7
133
What are the two bellies of digastric?
* anterior * posterior
134
anterior scalenes attachment
C2-C7 TP to 1st rib
135
anterior scalenes action
lateral flexion
136
middle scalenes attachment
C2-C7 TP to 1st rib
137
middle scalenes action
lateral flexion
138
What exits between anterior and middle scalenes?
* brachial plexus * phrenic n. * subclavian a.
139
posterior scalenes attachment
C2-C7 TP to 2nd rib
140
posterior scalenes action
lateral flexion
141
longus colli/capitis action
deep neck flexor
142
Identify
1. IJV 2. EJV 3. anterior jugular v.
143
Where do the cranial/cervical lymph nodes drain?
* into IJV junction with brachiocephalic v. * R: right lymphatic duct * L: thoracic duct
144
Identify
A. occipital B. post auricular C. pre auricular D. jugulogastric E. submandibular F. submental G. superficial cervical (ant and lat) H. deep cervical (ant and lat) I. supraclavicular/transverse cervical
145
Where does the brachial plexus exit the neck?
* between ant and middle scalenes
146
What are the three divisions of the cervical plexus?
* cutaneous branches * phrenic n. * ansa cervicalis
147
Identify
A. lesser occipital B. greater auricular C. transverse cervical D. suprascapular
148
What do the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus supply?
* sensation to skin of neck/lower head
149
Identify
A. lesser occipital B. greater auricular
150
Identify
C. transverse cervical D. suprascapular
151
What does the phrenic n. innervate?
* motor to diaphram
152
Identify
1. phrenic n. 2. vagus n.
153
What level is the phrenic n. from?
* C3-C5
154
Identify A
A1. superior root of ansa cervicalis A2. inferior root of ansa cervicalis
155
What muscles to B and C innervate?
B1. superior and inferior belly B2. sternohyoid B3. sternothyroid C1. thyrohyoid
156
Identify
A. CN 10 (vagus) B. CN 11 (accessory) C. CN 12 (hypoglossal)
157
What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
* SCM * upper trap * clavicle
158
What are the muscle contents of the posterior triangle?
* inferior omohyoid * scalenes * levator scap * splenius cap
159
What are the NAV contents of the posterior triangle?
* brachial plexus * EJV * transverse cervical n. * suprascap n. * subclavian a. * supraclav LN * superficial cervical LN * CN 11
160
Identify
* posterior triangle
161
What are the borders of the anterior triangle?
* SCM * midline * mandible
162
What are the sub-divisions of the anterior triangle?
* submandibular * carotid * muscular * submental
163
Identify
anterior triangle
164
What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
* mandible * anterior digastric * posterior digastric
165
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
* submandibular gland * submandibular lymph nodes * CN 12
166
Identify
submandibular triangle
167
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
* SCM * posterior digastric * superior omohyoid
168
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
* carotid sheath contents * CN 11 & 12 * thyroid gland * larynx * pharynx * cervical LN
169
Identify
carotid triangle
170
What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
* midline * SCM * superior omohyoid
171
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
* infrahyoid muscle group * thryroid * parathyroid
172
Identify
muscular triangle
173
What are the borders of the submental triangle?
* hyoid * R anterior digastric * L anterior digastric
174
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
* submental LN
175
Identify
submental triangle

Clin Anat I - Exam #1 (3 decks)

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