Neck

Question 1

what structure passes through the foramena transversaria?

Answer 1

vertebral artery and vein

Question 2

what’s the function of the hyooid bone?

Answer 2

raising and lowering of hyoid/thyroid cartilage closes and opens the epiglottis (raise=closes resp passage; lower=opens resp passage)

Question 3

which muscles are suprahyoid? what are their points of attachment?

Answer 3

mylohyoid
stylohyoid
geniogyoid
digastric

Question 4

which muscles are infrahyoid? what are their points of attachment?

Answer 4

sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

Question 5

what ligament anchors the hyoid bone to the skull?

Answer 5

stylohyoid ligament

Question 6

what ligamentous sheet attaches the hyoid bone to the larynx?

Answer 6

thyrohyoid membrane

Question 7

name the six compartments of the neck

Answer 7

1. superficial compartment
2. deep investing compartment
3. prevertebral compartment
4. pretrachial compartment
5. carotid compartment (w/in carotid sheath)
6. retropharyngeal compartment

Question 8

what are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 8

• anterior edge of SCM
• midline
• mandible

Question 9

what are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 9

• lateral edge of trapezius
• clavicle
• posterior edge of SCM

Question 10

what are the borders of the root of the neck?

Answer 10

-

Question 11

what lies within the superficial compartment?

Answer 11

between SKIN and SUBQ fascia

-platysma muscle

Question 12

what lies within the deep investing compartment?

Answer 12

within INVESTING LAYER of deep cervical fascia

• trapezius muscle
• SCM muscle
• infrahyoid muscles

Question 13

what lies within the prevertebral compartment?

Answer 13

deep to PREVERTEBRAL FASCIA
anterior:
-ant. middle & post. scalene
-longus coli
-longus capitis
posterior:
-semispinalis
-splenius
-erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus)
-muscles of suboccipital triangle

Question 14

what lies within the pretrachial compartment?

Answer 14

within PRETRACHIAL FASCIA

• thyroid & parathyroid glands
• larynx
• trachea
• esophagus

Question 15

what lies within the carotid compartment?

Answer 15

within CAROTID SHEATH

• carotid a.
• internal jugular v.
• vagus n.

Question 16

what lies within the retropharyngeal compartment?

Answer 16

between ALAR FASCIA and PREVERTEBRAL FASCIA

-nothing! potential space that can be a route for infections to travel to mediastinum

Question 17

what muscle splits the posterior triangle into occipital and omoclavicular halves?

Answer 17

omohyoid muscle (inferior belly)

Question 18

what are the 5 muscles of the floor of the posterior triangle?

Answer 18

• splenius
• levator scapulae
• ant. scalene
• middle scalene
• post. scalene

Question 19

what is the “nerve point” of the neck?

Answer 19

posterior surface of the mid-SCM muscle (bunch of nerves can been seen here)

Question 20

what is the pathway of the accessory n. through the posterior triangle?

Answer 20

• arises from brainstem
• innervates SCM on deep surface
• emerges at the “nerve point”
• travels along the floor (towards 8 o’clock)
• dives into the trapezius m.

Question 21

what nerves form the cervical plexus?

Answer 21

• lesser occipital n.
• great auricular n.
• transverse cervical n.
• supraclavicular nn.

Question 22

what are the motor functions of the accessory nerve?

Answer 22

-innervation of SCM and trapezius muscles

Question 23

what are the three trunks of the brachial plexus?

Answer 23

superior, middle and inferior trunks (arise from the roots of the plexus found between the ant. and middle scalene muscle bellies)

Question 24

what is the pressure point of the subclavian artery?

Answer 24

-

Question 25

the phrenic n. travels over which muscle in the posterior triangle?

Answer 25

anterior scalene! (on its way to the diaphragm)

Question 26

where do we find the brachial plexus in the posterior triangle?

Answer 26

posterior to the anterior scalene muscle