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2 Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Name this layer

A

Epidermis

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2
Q

Name this layer

A

Dermis

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3
Q

Name this layer

A

Superficial fascia

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4
Q

Name this layer

A

Deep fascia

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5
Q

how is deep fascia organised?

A

in tubes that run from the base of the skull and the top of the thorax (superior mediastinum)

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6
Q

why is it important that fascia is organised in deep tubes?

A

they help to prevent spread of infection from one compartment to another
- An infection in the neck tends to spread within a single fascial tube

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7
Q

superficial neck fascia is composed of?

A

adipose connective tissue

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8
Q

where is superficial neck fascia located between?

A

the skin and the underlying deep fascia
Usually a thin layer in the neck

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9
Q

superficial neck fascia contains what 4 things

A
  • Sensory nerves
  • Platysma muscles (facial expression)
  • Superficial veins
  • Lymphatic vessels and superficial lymph node - cant be seen in dissection
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10
Q

The sensory nerves in the superficial fascia of the neck are known as

A

the cervical plexus

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11
Q

what does plexus mean?

A

intertwining of structures

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12
Q

What sensory nerves give rise to the cervical plexus?

A

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2, C3 &C4

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13
Q

the anterior ramus of the spinal chord relays what kind of information?

A

sensory

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14
Q

The anterior ramus of the spinal cord relays sensory information from and to what?

A

the anterolateral body wall towards the spinal chord

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15
Q

What structures does the action potential pass through to get sensory information from the anterolateral body wall to the spinal cord? 4 things

A

Anterior ramus
spinal nerve
posterior root into posterior rootlets
spinal chord

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16
Q

what is the dermatome map?

A

map of the areas of the body supplied by a specific spinal nerve

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17
Q

The anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2-C4 is sensory to skin of where 3 things?

A
  • Neck
  • Shoulder
  • Corner of the face
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18
Q

Sensory nerves leave the skin and superficial fascia, to get to the spinal chord they have to?

A

Pierce the deep fascia

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19
Q

What are the 4 named branches of the cervical plexus?

A
  • Great auricular nerve
  • Transverse cervical nerve
  • Lesser occipital nerve
  • Supraclavicular nerves
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20
Q

The great auricular nerve is formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves?

A

C2 & C3

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21
Q

The transverse cervical nerve is formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves?

A

C2 & C3

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22
Q

The lesser occipital nerve is formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves?

A

C2

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23
Q

The supraclavicular nerves are formed by the anterior rami of which spinal nerves?

A

C3 &C4

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24
Q

which nerve is this?

A

great auricular nerve C2&C3

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25
which nerve is this?
transverse cervical nerve C2&C3
26
which nerve is this?
lesser occipital nerve C2
27
which nerve is this?
supraclavicular nerves C3&C4
28
Great auricular nerve supplies
the skin over the parotid gland, external ear and posterior auricular region
29
Transverse cervical nerve supplies
Anterolateral neck
30
Lesser occipital nerve supplies
posterior aspect of the neck
31
Supraclavicular nerves supplies
area over the clavicle to the tip of the shoulder
32
Green dashed line represents
the cervical plexus
33
the cervical plexus passes from
superficial towards deep structures
34
Green solid line is?
first layer of deep fascia
35
the first layer of deep fascia is called?
deep cervical fascia
36
what is the nerve point of the neck?
point where the cervical plexus pierces through the first layer of deep fascia -> deep cervical fascia
37
Nerve point is located
midway along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
38
what is this called in the neck?
the nerve point
39
what are these structures called?
platysma muscles
40
what is this muscle?
platysma muscle
41
The platysma muscle is in which group of muscles?
muscles of facial expression
42
Which nerve supplies the platysma muscle?
Cervical branch of Cranial nerve VII -> facial nerve
43
this is the main action of which muscle
platysma
44
What is this structure
Deep veins
45
What is this structure
Superficial veins
46
The superficial veins of the neck lie within what?
The superficial fascia of the neck
47
The superficial veins are part of what system?
Jugular venous system
48
The jugular venous system consists of?
Various superficial jugular veins that drain into deep internal jugular veins
49
The 3 superficial jugular veins that are bilateral are called?
External jugular veins Anterior jugular veins Superficial jugular communicating veins
50
Why is the retromandibular veins unusual?
It’s splits in 2
51
The external jugular vein is formed from the joining of
Posterior division of retromandibular vein And Posterior auricular vein
52
The external jugular vein drains into what vein?
Subclavian vein
53
The common facial vein is formed from the joining of?
Anterior division of the retromandibular vein And The facial vein
54
The common facial vein drains into what?
The internal jugular vein
55
Name this vein
Retromandibular vein
56
Name this vein
Facial vein
57
Name this vein
Common facial vein
58
Name this vein
Anterior jugular vein
59
Name this vein
Superficial jugular communicating vein
60
Name this vein
Internal jugular vein
61
Name this vein
Subclavian vein
62
Name this vein
External jugular vein
63
Name this vein
Posterior auricular vein
64
Deep cervical fascia is what type of tissue?
Fibrous connective tissue
65
The deep cervical fascia has 3 layers what r they?
Investing layer Pretracheal layer Prevertebral layer
66
Which layer of deep cervical fascia is this?
Investing layer
67
Which layer of deep cervical fascia is this?
Pretracheal layer
68
Which layer of deep cervical fascia is this?
Prevertebral layer
69
What is this structure called that is part of the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia?
Carotid sheaths
70
Understand this diagrammatic representation of the tube like arrangement of deep cervical fascia in the neck
71
The investing layer of deep cervical fascia encapsulates what muscles? 2
Right and left trapezius Right and left Sternocleidomastoid
72
What muscle is this?
Left trapezius
73
What muscle is this?
Left Sternocleidomastoid
74
The left trapezius and left Sternocleidomastoid muscles are innervated by which nerve?
Cranial nerve XI - spinal accessory nerve
75
The investing layer of deep cervical fascia encapsulates which glands?
Submandibular and parotid salivary glands
76
What is this part of the Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia?
Visceral (organ) part
77
What is this part of the Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia?
Muscular part
78
The visceral part of the Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia enclosed what? 3
Thyroid gland Trachea Oesophagus
79
The muscular part of the Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia encloses what?
The “strap” muscles
80
The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia encloses what? 2
Postural muscles Cervical vertebrae
81
The carotid sheaths contain? 4
Internal jugular veins Carotid arteries Vagus nerve CNX Deep cervical chain of lymph nodes
82
The Pretracheal fascia when it is superior to the trachea is called what?
Buccopharyngeal fascia
83
What is this called?
Retropharyngeal space

2 Anatomy (7 decks)

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