near east architecture Flashcards
Near east is situated in ______ and ______
tigris and euphrates
Tigris and Euphrates is the ______
valley of twin rivers
near east is called the ______
fertile crescent
first group of city-states
eridu, ur, uruk
what is the firsy true city?
uruk
the whole district is alluvial
chaldaea or lower mesopotamia
where do thick mud or clay is formed
Tigris and Euphrates
what do the near east civilization worship?
heavenly bodies: sun and moon; powers of nature
walls are made of ______
ordinary sundried bricks
god of light and good
ormazd
god of darkness and evil
ahriman
what is the symbol ormazd
fire
who were the people that were sturdy, warlike but cruel people?
assyrians
it was calculated by rawlinson that has great platforms
mound of koyunjik
how many men constructed the mound of koyunjik for many years?
10000 men for 12 years
it is a wedge shape charatern written in clay tablets with triangular ended instrument
cuneiform
it reigned from 4500 BCE to 2000 BCE
summerian period
what are the city states of summerian period?
eridu, nippur, lagash, kish, ur, uruk
what is the population of summerian empire during 2800 BCE?
between 40000 and 80000 people
what is the building material of summerians?
mud
what is the trading system of summerians?
bartering
individuals could only rent land from _______
priests
what is the fabric city of summerians?
uruk and ur
it is the pyramidal stepped temple tower
ziggurat
what is the measurement of ziggurat’s base
for square and rectangle?
square: 170 sq ft. or 50 sq. m.
rectangle: 125x170 ft or 40x50 m
it has 50000 population
white temple of uruk
it is dedicated to the sky god: Anu
white temple of Uruk
white temple of uruk is rested on a broad terrace with ________
13 m above the plan
how many laborers constructed white temple of uruk and how many years it was finished?
1500 laborers of 10 hrs/day for 5 yrs to built
it is one of the largest and best - preserved ziggurat
great ziggurat of ur
who built the great ziggurat of ur?
King Ur-Nammu of 3rd dynasty
great ziggurat of ur is dedicated to ______
Moon god Nanna
what is the measurement of great ziggurat of ur?
l= 64 mnor 210 ft
w= 45 m or 140 ft
h= 30 m or 98 ft
it reigned from 2350-2200 BCE
akkadian period
the ruler of akkadian which he successfully centralized power in mesopotamia
Sargon the great
Sargon replaced village based loyalty to ______ which diminshed the power of local chieftains
loyalty of ruler
it reigned from 2000-1600 BCE
babylonian period
who ruled the babylonian period?
hammurabi
it is the period of great cultural development in engineer, astronomy, and literary sports
babylonian period
they created the concept of counting and sexagesimal number system
babylonian
what number is used because of its multiple divisors?
60
it is constitution and law regulation civil life
law of hammurabi
how many edicts are there in law of hammurabi?
282 edicts
it is an epic written 4000 years ago
epic of gilgamesh
it is a quadrangle sitting across and pierced by euphrates
city of babylonian
it is procession street and had a pair of projecting towers on each wall
ishtar gate
what are the animals shown in ishtar gate?
lions, bulls and dragons
it is called marvel of mankind which dedicated to queen amytis by king nebuchadezzar II
Hanging garden of Babylon
it is established 1st true empire in 1350-612 BCE
assyrian empire
what are the cities established by assyrian empire?
Assyria and Khorsabad
assyrian discovered ______ for weaponry
iron
it is located in khorsabad and has 10 hectares
palace of sargon
it reigned from 539-530 BCE
persian empire
this empire has no architectural of their own
persian empire
the new cities in persian empire
sisa and persopolis
it has no lessnthan 8 different buildings
persopolis
what is the measuremnt of persopolis?
l= 1500 ft
w= 1000 ft
it is used for audience and throne hall
hall of hundred columns
how many stone doors and windows are there in hall of hundred columns?
44
it is built during 485 BCE which is used for throne room and no enclosing walls
hypostyle hall of xerxes
