Neanderthals and recent discoveries.

Question 1

What were the features that distinguished neanderthals?

Answer 1

Arched brow ridges, barrel chest, no prominent chin, genetic evidence of red hair and pale skin - indicative of evolving due to low sun exposure.

Question 2

What was neanderthal habitat like?

Answer 2

wide range due to food availablility - occupied Europe through glacial cycles.

Question 3

Diet of Neanderthals

Answer 3

Changed seasonally. Large mammal hunters, fish and shellfish, flants, nuts, fungi, tubers. Possible cannibalism.

Question 4

What evidence is there of cannibalism in Neanderthals, and other explanations for this?

Answer 4

Cuts to hominin bone, this could be symbolic.

Question 5

Behaviour believed to only be present in homo sapiens?

Answer 5

Wearing personal adornments, artifacts, body art, complex behaviour and cognition, family units, deliberate burials.

Question 6

Neanderthal tool construction:

Answer 6

Flint with cutting edges around all sides.

Question 7

What homo genus do the denisovans resemble? How was this determined?

Answer 7

The denisovans resemble neanderthals, determined by DNA extraction from tooth and bone, and reconstruction.

Question 8

7 other homo genus that were alive at the same time as the homo sapiens

Answer 8

Denisovans, neanderthals, florensiensis, heidelbergensis, naledi, and erectus.

Question 9

Which homo genus shows official movement out of Africa and when?

Answer 9

Homo erectus and 2mya

Question 10

What is evidence of more than one migration out of Africa?

Answer 10

Presence of archaic homo fossils outside of Africa.