ND FINAL Flashcards
Which notable eruption is known to have caused the loudest noise in history?
Tonga 2022, previously Krakatau
The Lake Nyos volcanic site is located at what type of geologic setting?
A developing divergent plate boundary in Africa
The most violent eruptions of Kilauea over the past 15,000 years have been estimated to have been VEI…
4
Most of the eruptions of Kilauea over the past 15,000 years were VEI…
0
What was the composition of the VOG(volcanic smog) intermittently emitted by the 1983-2018 eruption of Kileau
sulfur dioxide
Hawaii does not have alot of heavy industry but Sulfur dioxide can create…
air pollution
Based on the type of eruption conduit and the type of lava being erupted, the 1983-2018 eruption of Kilauea was a ____ eruption
Vesuvian style, specifically basalt lava from the southeastern vent on the side of Kilauea
The most recent eruptions of Kilauea are classified as _____ on the basis of the type of eruption conduit and the type of lava being erupted
Hawaiian-style eruption, specifically basalt from the central Halemaumau crater at the summit
What type of lava flow forms lava tubes
Pahoehoe basalt lava flows
The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Phillipines helped bring about the closing of a_____ military base
Russian Federation
Your instructor said the VEI 5 to VEI 6 2022 subsea volcanic eruption near Tonga in the southern pacific ocean was most likely one notable eruptions
Mount Katmai
The 2022 Seafloor eruption near Tonga seems to be far closer to _____ than any other eruption, in terms of volume of erupted material
Mount Katmai
What natural disaster will you most likely experience in your lifetime>
severe weather
this natural disaster you are least likely to experience in a lifetime but could have the most severe consequences
Asteroid and Comet impact
What categories of Near Earth Objects pose a potential threat of impact on earth because their orbits around the Sun crosses the Earth’s orbit around the sun?
Apollos, Atens
Atrias
NOT Earth crossing, orbits interior to Earth
Atens and Apollos
EARTH CROSSING,
Amors
NOT Earth crossing, orbits exterior to Earth
Most near Earth objects come from
Interstellar space, because the main asteroid belt is close to Earth than other choices
Unmanned spacecraft have now returned to Earth samples of what
Apophis
____ is a near Earth object that was recently the target of an engineering experiment that actually changed the course of the object through space
Dimorphos
_____ is currently the Near Earth Object given the greatest chance of impacting the Earth
1950 DA
The Main Belt Asteroid most recently visited by and unmanned spacecraft is ____
dinkinesh
LUCY SPACECRAFT
flew by dinkinesh on its way to a multi-year mission to the Trojan asteroids near Jupiter
This famous Kupier Belt Object is going to reach its aphelion, before heading back to the inner solar system
Halleys Comet
aphelion
the farthest point in its orbit around the sun
The most recent perihelion by Halleys Comet and its next
1986, 2061
perihelion
closest approach to the sun
Most of the mass of earths atmosphere and most of its weather happens in the lowest layer of the atmosphere which is called the _____
The troposphere
This layer of the atomsophere blocks much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun that would otherwise reach the surface of the Earth
The ozone layer
The ____ is in the upper atmosphere and consists of charged atoms of atmospheric gases formed by the Sun’s radiant energy. It is where the aurora happens and it refelcts certain frequencies of radio waves such as shortwave and the AM radio brand back to enable broadcasts using those frequencies to be recieved over the horizon from the broadcasting station.
The lonosphere
Where does airglow happen?
the lonosphere
what is airglow
is the light of excited atoms high in Earth’s atmosphere
_____ provides the energy that drives Earth’s weather
The radiant energy of the Sun
What makes the Earth an open system?
The fact that the energy that powers Earths weather comes from outside the weather system
What components of the Earth’s atmosphere is increasing in abundance due to human activity and is trapping more and more infa red heat radiant energy in the atmosphere
Carbon Dioxide
What is a green house gas?
Carbon Dioxide
The heat released or absorbed by this atmospheric gas primarilu when it changes phase from gas to liquid or from liquid to gas is the pirmary means of trasferring energy from one point to another with EArths climate system
Water Vapor
What is water vapor also called
The latent heat of water
What is the fastest rotating part of the Earth?
The equator
What is the dew point?
The temperature at which water vapor condenses into droplets of liquid water(rain)
The amount of water vapor that a parcel or volume of air contains compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that parcel or volume of air could contain at the temperature is called _____
Relative humidity
What is absolute humidity?
the actual amount of water vapor in a volume of air
The warmer a volume or parcel of air is, the _____ water vapor that it can contain
more, this is why rising air precipitates out rain as it rises and cools
The _____ described what happens when two tropical cyclones collide and merge
Fujiwhara effect
Most of the top ten tropical storm years have happened in ____
The 21st century, an indication of warming ocean surface temperatures
What tropical cyclone currently holds the record as being the geographically smallest on record?
Cyclone Tracy
What is the largest tropical cyclone on record?
Super Typhoon
What tropical cyclone holds the record for being the geographically largest in the ATLANTIC BASIN?
Hurricane Sandy
Hail cores form in the _____ of supercell thunderstorms
in the middle
____ is the tornado responsible for killing the most people and may have had the longest ground track of any tornado in US history
The Tri-State Tornado of 1925
____ is the fourth costliest tornado in the United States in terms of damage, even when adjusted for inflation
Topkea Kansas, 1966
_____ is the costliest US tornado to date in terms of damage
Joplin Missouri
Which of the following tornadoes was described by your instructor as being part of a tornado superoutbreak from the same storm system in 24 hours
Xenia, Ohio AND JOPLIN MISS
Superoutbreak
99 or more tornadoes from the same storm system in 24 hours
Can asteroids and comets have rings and moons?
YES
Have asteroids and comets from interstellar space been observed traveling through our solar system?
Yes
The amount of water vapor that a volume or parcel of air contains is called its
absolute humidity
Mid latitude cyclones and tropical cyclones are both areas of?
Low atmospheric pressure
Activity in New York City was brought to a halt for three days in 1888 by a?
BLIZZARD
In 1360 the English conquest of France was haulted by a ?
HAILSTORM
The volume of air contains 2% water vapor but could contain as much as 4% water vapor at that temperature, what is the relative humidity?
50%
what is relative humidity?
the ACTUAL humidity divided by the maximum humidity that volume of air could contain at that temperature
Most of the world uses the _____ as its temperature scale for weather reports
The Celsius scale
Explain the history behind the Celsius scale
-named after the scientist who invented it
-formerly called Centigrade Scale because it divided the range between he boiling point and freezing point into 100 degrees
What is meant by lapse rate?
The rate of cooling air as it rises into the atmosphere
what is the environmental lapse rate?
The rate at which the atmopshere in general cools with altitude
What is adiabatic lapse rate
the rate at which a rising volume or parcel of air cools as it rises
What is an isobar?
A line on a weather map that connect points of equal pressure
Storm systems tend to move from West to East across Kansas because we are in the zone of the northern hemisphere called the ____
The prevailing westerlies
Where would you not expect a tropical cyclone to form?
Along the equator
Wind velocity is the highest in what part of a tropical cyclone?
Along the eyewall
Where in a tropical cyclone is it calm and clear?
The eye
Over time, both the energy and the number of tropical cyclones have___
increased, storms run on heat energy, the heat energy of the surface of the ocean has been increasing
