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NCS Prep > NCS Dementia > Flashcards

NCS Dementia Flashcards

1
Q

Dementia affects all of the following except:
a. language
b. memory
c. visuospatial skills
d. emotion
e. cognition
f. motor

A

f. motor

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2
Q

what is the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia
a. AD
b. PD
c. HD
d. LBD
e. FTD

A

a. AD

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3
Q

what is the most common cause of dementia
a. AD
b. VD
c. PD
d. encephalopathy
e. FTD

A

a. AD

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4
Q

what is the most common cerebrovascular cause of dementia
a. VD
b. SAH
c. encephalopathy
d. creutzfeldt jacob

A

a. VD

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5
Q

what is the most common reversible dementia
a. NPH
b. B12 deficiency
c. AIDS
d. depression

A

d. depression

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6
Q

true or false: some forms of depression are reversible or amenable to treatment to slow progression

A

true

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7
Q

which of the following is a condition of dementia not delirium
a. depression
b. B12 deficiency
c. medication side effects
d. encephalopathy

A

d. encephalopathy

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8
Q

you have been seeing a patient in the hospital setting who was A&Ox4 yesterday. today they have reduced ability to pay attention to your session as they have rambling non-sensible speech. you are concerned they are demonstrating
a. dementia
b. early onset Alzheimer’s
c. delirum
d. LBD

A

c. delirum

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9
Q

what is the most common form of delirium
a. UTI
b. medication side effect
c. post-anesthesia
d. stress

A

c. post-anesthesia

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10
Q

you are working in the OP setting with geriatric population. the patient you evaluated 3 weeks ago has been having marked increase in issues with staying on task, poor motivation and lack of interest, and short and long term memory issues. because of the rapid onset, you are concerned for
a. depression
b. Alzheimer’s
c. dementia
d. delirium

A

a. depression

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11
Q

you are working in the OP setting with geriatric population. the patient you evaluated last week comes in for first follow up and demonstrates marked increase in issues with staying on task, trouble staying awake in session. because of the rapid onset, you are concerned for
a. depression
b. Alzheimer’s
c. dementia
d. delirium

A

d. delirium

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12
Q

why does B12 deficiency result in delirium

A

results in pernicious anemia which causes confusion, peripheral neuropathy, weakness, and depression

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13
Q

you are working in the OP setting with a patient you know to have low SES. over the last 4 weeks, you have noticed and increase in depression, intermittent confusion, weakness, and they report increase in pins and needles sensations. you are concerned for
a. depression
b. delirium
c. medication side effect
d. B12 deficiency

A

d. B12 deficiency

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14
Q

cognitive decline greater than expected for individual’s age and education level without interference with ADLs is the definition of
a. dementia
b. delirium
c. early onset Alzheimer’s
d. mild cognitive impairment

A

d. mild cognitive impairment

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15
Q

you are evaluating an older adult. their spouse says the reason they have come in is the patient has had a marked decrease in walking speed and is having trouble keeping up when they go for walks in the community. the patient also notes concerning change in short term memory recently. on evaluation, you note a significant dual task impairment. you are concerned for
a. depression
b. PD
c. MCI

A

c. MCI

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16
Q

which of the following is not a risk factor for Alzheimers
a. genetic/familial history
b. head trauma
c. female
d. male

A

d. male

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17
Q

true or false: Alzheimer’s will result in inability to perform ADLs

A

true

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18
Q

true or false: Alzheimer’s results in apraxia

A

true

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19
Q

what are the 2 major classes of drugs used for management of Alzheimer’s

A

cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor agonists

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20
Q

what do cholinesterase inhibitors do for Alzheimer’s

A

prevent the break down of acetylcholine to delay worsening of sx

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21
Q

what do NMDA recepto agonists do for Alzheimer’s

A

regulates glutamate to delay worsening of sx

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22
Q

your patient has a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s
they have difficulty retaining new information and have stopped their hobby of playing doubles tennis, they do not display changes in gait or weight loss
what stage of Alzheimer’s do you assume they are in
a. early
b. intermediate
c. late

A

a. early

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23
Q

your patient has a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s
they do display changes in gait, parkinsonism, and recent weight loss but they are able to perform all mobility with modified independence with increased LOB
what stage of Alzheimer’s do you assume they are in
a. early
b. intermediate
c. late

A

b. intermediate

24
Q

your patient has a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s
they now are incontinent and bed bound
what stage of Alzheimer’s do you assume they are in
a. early
b. intermediate
c. late

A

c. late

25
Q

your patient is diagnosed with early stage Alzheimer’s. which of the following functional outcome measures is appropriate
a. 10mWT
b. TUG
c. TUG cog
d. tandem balance EO/EC
e. all of the above

A

e. all of the above

26
Q

Alzheimer’s is more common in ____ (men or women) while vascular dementia is more common in ____ (men or women)

A

women, men

27
Q

your patient has step wise progression of personality changes, depression/apathy, STM loss, and gait disturbance. do you suspect Alzhiemer’s or vascular dementia

A

vascular dementia

28
Q

your patient has behavioral changes of psychosis and agitation, STM loss, and gait disturbance. do you suspect Alzhiemer’s or vascular dementia

A

Alzhiemer’s

29
Q

which of the following types of dementia has the most issues with attention
a. Alzheimer’s
b. vascular dementia
c. PD
d. LBD

A

d. LBD

30
Q

which of the following types of dementia has the will likely begin with psychiatric problems such as hallucinations
a. Alzheimer’s
b. vascular dementia
c. PD
d. LBD

A

d. LBD

31
Q

true or false: cognitive tests can differentiate between Alzheimer’s and LBD

A

false

32
Q

true of false: motor tests can differentiate between Alzheimer’s and LBD and PD

A

true

33
Q

what balance motor test differentiates Alzheimer’s and LBD and PD

A

Tinetti Mobility Test

34
Q

of Alzheimer’s and LBD and PD, who performs the worst on balance measures

A

LBD

35
Q

of Alzheimer’s and LBD and PD, who performs the best on balance measures

A

Alzheimer’s

36
Q

what motor tests differentiate Alzheimer’s and LBD and PD

A

Tinetti, BBS, dual task tests, 9 hole peg

37
Q

of the motor tests that differentiate Alzheimer’s and LBD and PD, which is the only test where AD performs the worst
a. Tinetti
b. BBS
c. dual task TUG
d. 9 hole peg

A

d. 9 hole peg

38
Q

you are working with a 49yo male on a musculoskeletal disorder. in your time working with him, you note some issues with concentration and problem solving, that he does not have a social filter, and that his speech fluency and timing is abnormal. he also has a history of OCD, anxiety, and the seems to have hypochondriasis. you refer to psych as you are concerned about
a. Alzheimer’s
b. LBD
c. FTD
d. delirium

A

FTD

39
Q

true or false: short term memory are affected in FTD

A

false

40
Q

true or false: short term memory are affected in AD

A

true

41
Q

true or false: persons with AD will have early visuospatial issues

A

false - NPH

42
Q

true or false: persons with NPH will have early visuospatial issues

A

true

43
Q

true or false: persons with AD will have early motor sx

A

false

44
Q

what is the triad of hallmark sx in NPH

A

gait dysfunction, cognitive impairment/dementia, incontinence

45
Q

patient presents with cognitive impairment they also demonstrate signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy and ataxia and dysmetria
what could be a cause of their dementia
a. NPH
b. FTD
c. LBD
d. AD
e. alcohol related dementia

A

e. alcohol related dementia

46
Q

how does wernicke korsakoff syndrome relate to alcohol related dementia

A

disorder of thiamine deficiency that results as alcohol inhibits thiamine absorption

47
Q

you are working in the acute care ICU with an older individual who presents due to acute onset of ataxia ophthalmoplegia, peripheral neuropathy, and altered mental status
what dementia subtype could this be
a. FTD
b. AD
c. LBD
d. Wernickes syndrome
e. Korsakoff syndrome

A

d. wernicke’s as acute/life threatening

48
Q

you are working in the SNF with an older individual who presents due to acute onset of ataxia ophthalmoplegia, peripheral neuropathy, amnesia with disorientation, and impaired ability to form memory
what dementia subtype could this be
a. FTD
b. AD
c. LBD
d. Wernickes syndrome
e. Korsakoff syndrome

A

e. Korsakoff syndrome

49
Q

which of the following is not an appropriate screen for dementia
a. MMSE
b. mini cog
c. MoCA
d. TUG cog

A

d. TUG cog

50
Q

which of the following screens for dementia is appropriate to give patient for home administration
a. MMSE
b. mini cog
c. MoCA
d. SAGE

A

d. SAGE

51
Q

you are working with John who presents for slow gait
you note some executive function deficits so you administer an MMSE and John scores 22. what is your next step?
a. stop treatment and refer out
b. continue treatment and refer out
c. continue with treatment, this is a normal score

A

b. continue treatment and refer out - for neuropsych eval for possible dementia

52
Q

you are working with John who presents for slow gait
you note some executive function deficits so you administer a MoCA and John scores 24. what is your next step?
a. stop treatment and refer out
b. continue treatment and refer out
c. continue with treatment, this is a normal score

A

b. continue treatment and refer out - for neuropsych eval for possible dementia

53
Q

you are working with John who presents for slow gait
you note some executive function deficits so you administer an MMSE and John scores 24. what is your next step?
a. stop treatment and refer out
b. continue treatment and refer out
c. continue with treatment, this is a normal score

A

c. continue with treatment, this is a normal score

54
Q

which of the following is not a portion of the mini Cog
a. 3 item recall
b. fluency
c. clock drawing

A

b. fluency

55
Q

which screening tool is best to screen for VD
a. MMSE
b. MoCA
c. mini cog
d. SAGE

A

c. mini cog

56
Q

true or false: PT for frail older adults with dementia was found to lower LOS and improve functional outcomes

A

true

57
Q

true or false: PT for frail older adults with dementia was found to reduce behaviors

A

false - reduces LOS and improves functional outcomes

NCS Prep (26 decks)

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