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NCM 119 RLE > NCM 118 > Flashcards

NCM 118 Flashcards

1
Q

Condition that may result to patient mortality if left unattended in a brief period of time

A

Critical and life threatening conditions

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2
Q

Condition that warrants immediate attention for the reversal of disease process and prevention of further morbidity and mortality

A

Critical and life threatening conditions

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3
Q

Top 10 Mortality cases

A

Heart disease
Disease of vascular system
Malignant pneumonia
Accidents
Tuberculosis
Chronic Respiratory diseases
DM
Nephritis, Nephrotic syndrome
Perinatal period

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4
Q

Common illnesses which may require treatment in ICU

A

Heart disease
Vascular disease
Renal disease

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5
Q

What disease is the aggravating factor

A

DM

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6
Q

Complication of diseases

A

Pneumonia

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7
Q

Most common cause of CardioVascular disability and death

A

Coronary Heart disease

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8
Q

Disease wherein a waxy substance builds up in coronary arteries

A

CHD

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9
Q

Accumulated plaques

A

Atherosclerosis

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10
Q

Pain which occurs and stable or unstable

A

Angina

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11
Q

Modifiable risk factors of CHD

A

Stress
Diet
Exercise
Cigarette smoking
Alcohol
HTN
Hyperlipidemia
DM
Obesity
Contraceptive pills
Personality type or behavioral factors

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12
Q

Information provided by patients or their family members

A

Subjective data

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13
Q

Confirms objective data

A

Subjective data

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14
Q

Is an ischemia

A

MI

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15
Q

Lack of blood supply due to occlusion of coronary artery and its branches

A

MI

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16
Q

Most cases are due to (90%)

A

Atherosclerosis

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17
Q

During a heart attack, where does it radiate

A

Left jaw, left arm, left shoulder

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18
Q

PQRST

A

Provoke
Quality
Radiation
Severity ( Pain scale)
Timing

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19
Q

Affects the elderly

A

Silent MI

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20
Q

Difference of more than 10 mmhg in both arms indicates

A

Thoracic Outlet syndrome

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21
Q

Difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Normally it is 40 mmhg

A

Pulse Pressure

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22
Q

Subjective feelings of inability to get enough air

A

Dyspnea

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23
Q

Caused by disruption of the blood supply to the brain, causing neurologic deficit

A

CVA

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24
Q

Common cause of CVA

A

Thrombosis, embolism, cerebral hemorrhage

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25
Q

Transient ischemia with temporary episode of neurologic dysfunction

A

Transient Ischemic Attack

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26
Q

Other terms of CVA

A

Stroke
Cerebrovascular disease
Cerebral infraction
Apoplexy

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27
Q

Most common cause of stroke, blood clot within blood vessels

A

Thrombosis

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28
Q

2nd most common cause of stroke, blood vessel is suddenly occluded with blood, air, tumor, or septic particulate. migrates to cerebral arteries and obstructs circulation causing edema and necrosis

A

Embolism

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29
Q

Sudden result of ruptured aneurysm, tumors, or involved HTN or bleeding

A

Hemorrhage

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30
Q

Amount of blood received by brain per minute

A

750 mL

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31
Q

Blood supply comes from what?

A

Major arteries

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32
Q

Blood Brain Barrier System passes

A

Glucose
Breathing gases
Amino acids
Mood changers

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33
Q

Blood brain barrier system blocks

A

Highly charged materials
Heavy molecules
Not lipid soluble materials

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34
Q

Warning of an impending stroke

A

TIA early signal

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35
Q

Increased ICP symptoms

A

Cushings Triad
Increased BP
Decreased pulse and RR

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36
Q

Symptoms of shock

A

Decreased BP
Increased Pulse and RR

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37
Q

12 Cranial nerves mnemonic

A

Only One Of The Two Athletes Felt A Very Good Victorious And Healthy

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Acoustic
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal accessory
Hypoglossal

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38
Q

Alert - 3 C’s

A

Conscious, coherent, cognitive

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39
Q

Must be awaken to get the best response

A

Lethargic/Drowsy

40
Q

+ response to painful stimuli

41
Q
  • response to painful stimuli
42
Q

Function : smell

A

CN I - Olfactory

43
Q

LOC assess for?

A

Orientation, disorientation, confusion, behavioral abnormalities

44
Q

Function: Vision

A

CN II - Optic

45
Q

Function: Pupil constriction, elevation of the upper eyelid

A

CN III - Occulomotor

46
Q

Function: Hearing

A

CN IV - Trochlear

47
Q

Function: Controls muscles of mastication, sensation of the entire face

A

CN V - Trigeminal

48
Q

Function: Eye movement controls lateral rectus muscle

A

CN VI - Abducens

49
Q

Function: Muscle for facial expression

A

CN VII - Facial

50
Q

Function: Cochlear branch permits hearing

A

CN VIII - Acoustic

51
Q

GCS consists of

A

Eye opening response 1-4
Verbal response 1-5
Motor response 1-6

52
Q

Eye opening response 1-4

A
  1. No response
  2. To pain
  3. To speech
  4. Spontaneously
53
Q

Verbal response 1-5

A
  1. No response
  2. Incomprehensible sounds
  3. Inappropriate words
  4. Confused
  5. Oriented to time, person and place
54
Q

Motor response 1-6

A
  1. No response
  2. Abnormal extension
  3. Abnormal flexion
  4. Flex to withdraw from pain
  5. Moves to localised pain
  6. Obeys command
55
Q

Limitations of GCS

A

Intubated patients
Drug abuse
Alcohol intoxication
Spinal cord injury
Severe orbital trauma
Not applicable to 36 months and below

56
Q

Quick neuro exam

A

S-ensorium
P-upils
E-xtraocular movement
R-espiration and reflex
M-ovement/motor

57
Q

Test for CN I

A

Place stimuli under one nostril and occluding the opposing nostril

58
Q

Test for CN II

A

Visual filed - ask patient to cover one eye while examiner tests the opposite eye
Pupillary light reflex - patient sates into the distance, examiner shines penlight obliquely into each pupil

59
Q

Test for CN III, IV, VI

A

Extra ocular movement - PERRLA

60
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils equal, round and reactive to light, and accomodation

61
Q

Test for CN V

A

Corneal reflex and Primary - light touch, pin prick, temp, vibration

62
Q

Test for CN VII

A

Facial asymmetry and involuntary movements

63
Q

Test for CN VIII

A

Hearing- whisper numbers in one are as patient covers the other, repeat the numbers

64
Q

Test for CN IX and CN X

A

Gag response - Use tongue depressor
Ask patient to swallow

65
Q

Test for CN XI

A

Shrug shoulders , turn head from side to side

66
Q

Test for CN XII

A

Stick tongue and move it to one side

67
Q

Normal pupilary size - Dilated?

A

2 - 4, 4-8

68
Q

Regular alternating periods of hyperapnea and apnea

A

Cheyne-stokes

69
Q

Pause at full inspiration, sometimes pause at expiration

70
Q

Patient ask to half arm straight out in front with palms up for 20-30 seconds, tendency to drift downwards and pronating palm

A

Drift test

71
Q

Weakness of the half side of the body

A

Hemiparesis

72
Q

Paralysis of the half side of the body

A

Hemiplegia

73
Q

Major pathological deep tendon reflex, presence of this reflex is a sign of UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESION

A

Babinski reflex

74
Q

Widening pulse pressure, Bradycardia

A

Cushing triad

75
Q

Superficial reflexes

A

Bulbocavernosus, abdominal, cremastericc

76
Q

General term that refers to a sudden malfunction in the brain that causes someone to collapse

77
Q

Seizure are divided into 2 categories

A

Generalized and Partial (Local or focal)

78
Q

Types of seizure

A

Grand Mal or Generalized tonic-clonic
Absence
Myoclonic
Clonic
Tonic
Atonic

79
Q

Medications for seizure as prescribed

A

Anticonvulsants
Barbiturates
Benzodiazipines
Valporate

80
Q

Temporary loss of consciousness and posture, described as fainting or passing out

81
Q

Implies that there is sensation of motion either of a person or environemnt

82
Q

Management and prevention of ICP

A

Prevent Hypercapnea and hypoxia
Limit flui intake as ordered
No valsalva maneuver
CBR
Control fever and avoid noise

83
Q

Treatment ICP

A

Restriction of fluids and administration of diuretics
Steroids (Dexamethasone) to reduce inflammation
Osmotic diuretics (Mannitol/Osmitrol) to reduce brain swelling
Barbiturates (Phenobarbital) to combat seizures
Withdraw CSF via lumbar tap
Surgical removal of skull or bone flap

84
Q

Diagnostics

A

CT scan
MRI
EEG
Lumbar tap
Electromyography

85
Q

EEG takes about

86
Q

Diagnostic procedure to visualize occlusion

A

Cerebral angiography

87
Q

Anti platelet drugs

A

Aspirin
Dipyrimadole (Persantine)
Clopidriogel (Plavix) for those who cannot tolerate aspirin
Warfarin (Coumadin) if the clots are cardiac in origin

88
Q

Anti HTN medication

A

Mannitol
Corticosteriod (Dexamethasone) to decrease cerebral edema
Barbiturates

89
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

90
Q

Surgical removal of plaque in the obstructed artery to increase blood supply to the brain

A

Carotid Endarterectomy

91
Q

Opening of the skull

A

Craniotomy

92
Q

Excision of a portion of the skull

A

Craniectomy

93
Q

Repair of a cranial defect using a plastic or metal plate

A

Cranioplasty

94
Q

Circular openings for exploration or diagnosis

A

Burr holes

95
Q

Neurological procedure in which a part of the skull is removed to allow swelling of the brain

A

Decompressive craniectomy

NCM 119 RLE (3 decks)

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