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NCLEX-LPN _ Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF FLUID VOLUME EXCESS / HYPOVOLEMIA ?

A

TOO MUCH FLUID IN THE VASCULAR SPACE OF ANY VESSEL IN THE BODY.

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2
Q

WEAK HEART, LOW CARDIAC OUTPUT, DECREASED KIDNEY PERFUSION and DECREASED URINARY OUTPUT ARE SYMPTOMS FOUND IN WHAT CARDIAC CONDITION?

A

HEART FAILURE (HF)

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3
Q

VOLUME STAYS IN THE ___________________ DURING HF.

A

VASCVULAR SPACE

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4
Q

WHAT CONDITION OCCURS WHEN KIDNEYS DON’T WORK?

A

KIDNEY FAILURE

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5
Q

EFFERVESCENT SOLUBLE MEDICATIONS, CANNED and PROCESSED FOODS, IVF c SODIUM CONTAIN HIGH LEVELS OF_________?

A

SODIUM

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6
Q

HIGH LEVELS OF ____________ RESULT IN FLUID RETENTION RESULTING IN THE BACK UP OF FLUID IN THE VASCULAR SPACE.

A

SODIUM

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7
Q

ALDOSTERONE IS WHAT TYPE OF HORMONE?

A

STEROID / MINERALCORTICOID

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8
Q

WHERE IS ALDOSTERONE FOUND?

A

ADRENAL GLANDS

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9
Q

WHAT ARE THE NORMAL HORMONAL ACTIONS IN REGARDS TO ALDOSTERONE WHEN BLOOD VOLUME GETS TOO LOW?

A

ALDOSTERONE SECRETION INCREASES RETAINING WATER

BLOOD VOLUME INCREASES

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10
Q

FLUID RETENTION =

A

HIGH LEVELS OF SODIUM AND WATER

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11
Q

HYPERALDOSTERONISM CAN BE FOUND IN WHAT CONDITION?

A

CUSHING’S SYNDROME

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12
Q

HYOPERALDOSTERONISM IS AKA ?

A

KONN’S SYNDROME

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13
Q

LOW LEVELS OF SODIUM AND WATER CAN RESULT IN ?

A

FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT

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14
Q

TOO LITTLE ALDOSTERONE CAN BE FOUND IN WHAT DISEASE ?

A

ADDISON’s DISEASE

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15
Q

WHAT IS ADH ?

A

ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE

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16
Q

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ADH ?

A

WATER RETENTION

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17
Q

TOO MUCH ADH or NOT ENOUGH ADH ?

  • WATRER RETENTION
  • DECREASED URINE OUTPUT
  • INCREASED BLOOD VOLUME
A

TOO MUCH ADH

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18
Q

TOO MUCH ADH or NOT ENOUGH ADH ?

  • DIURESES
  • DECREASED FLUID VOLUME => SHOCK
  • DI
A

NOT ENOUGH

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19
Q

S I A D H

TOO MANY LETTERS, TOO MUCH WATER IS ASSOCIATED WITH…?

A

SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ADH SECRETION

TOO MUCH ADH

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20
Q

IS URINE CONCENTRATED OR DILUTED WITH DECREASED UOP ?

A

CONCENTRATED

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21
Q

IS URINE CONCENTRATED OR DILUTED WITH INCREASED UOP ?

A

DILUTED

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22
Q

IS BLOOD CONCENTRATED OR DILUTED WITH INCREASED FV ?

A

DILUTED

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23
Q

IS BLOOD CONCENTRATED OR DILUTED WITH DECREASED FV ?

A

CONCENTRATED

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24
Q

WHAT LAB VALUES ARE EFFECTED BY FV ?

A

SG , SODIUM , HEMATOCRIT

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25
Q

WHATY HAPPENS TO THE LAB VALUES OF SG, SODIUM, AND HEMATOCRIT URINE or BLOOD BECOME CONCENTRATED?

A

VALUES INCREASE

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26
Q

WHATY HAPPENS TO THE LAB VALUES OF SG, SODIUM, AND HEMATOCRIT URINE or BLOOD BECOME DILUTED?

A

VALUES DECREASE

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27
Q

WHERE IS ADH FOUND ?

A

PITUITARY GLAND

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28
Q

CRANIOTOMY, HEAD INJURY, SINUS SURGEY, TRANSSPHENIODAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY, or any CONDITION THAT INCREASES ICP CAN BE PRIMARY CAUSES OF WHAT SECONDARY HORMONAL PROBLEM ?

A

ADH PROBLEMS

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29
Q

VASOPRESSIN (PITRESSIN) IS ANOTHER NAME FOR ?

A

ADH

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30
Q

VASOPRESSIN (PITRESSIN) and DESMOPRESSIN ACETATE (DDAVP) CAN BE USED AS ADH REPLACEMENT IN WHICH MEDICAL CONDITION ?

A

DIABETUS INSIPIDUS

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31
Q

THE FOLLOWING S/S OF ….?

  • INCREASED BP
  • PERIPHERAL/JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION
  • PERIPHERAL EDEMA, AKA… 3rd SPACING
  • WET/CRACKLING LUNG SOUNDS (begins @ base)
  • POLYURIA
  • ANY ACUTE FAST WEIGHT GAIN
A

FVE

FLUID VOLUME EXCESS

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32
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 CRITERIA FOR TAKING A PATIENT’S DAILY WIEGHT ?

A

SAME :

  • TIME
  • SCALE
  • CLOTHING
  • PISS BEFORE WEIGHING
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33
Q

TEST TAKING STRATEGY:

THINK ______________ FIRST WHEN FLUID RETENTION OCCURS.

A

CARDIAC PROBLEMS

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34
Q

WHAT IS THE Tx FOR FVE ?

A
  • LOW SODIUM DIET
  • FLUID RESTRICTIONS
  • DIURETICS
  • BED REST
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35
Q

WHAT DIURETIC MEDICATIONS CAN BE USED TO Tx FVE ?

A
  • LOOP
  • HCTZ
  • POTASSIUM SPARING
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36
Q

FUROSIMIDE , BUMETANIDE

ARE EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPE OF MEDICATIONS ?

A

LOOP DIURETICS

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37
Q

FUROSEMIDE

AKA

A

LASIX

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38
Q

BUMETANIDE

AKA

A

BUMEX

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39
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE

AKA

A

HCTZ

THIAZIDE

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40
Q

AN EXAMPLE OF A POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETIC IS ?

A

SPIRONOLACTONE

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41
Q

WHAT IS THE PATIENT AT RISK FOR WHILE BEING Tx WITH DIURETICS ?

A
  • POTASSIUM LOSS
  • DEHYDRATION
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42
Q

WHAT DOES ATRIAL NATURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP) TRIGGER THE RELEASE OF ?

A

SODIUM and WATER

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43
Q

HOW DOES BED REST INDUCE DIURESIS ?

A
  • RELEASES ANP
  • DECREASES PRODUCTION OF ADH
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44
Q

IVFs SHOULD BE GIVEN SLOWLY TO WHICH KINDS OF PATIENTS ?

A
  • ELDERLY
  • VERY YOUNG
  • PMHx OF CARDIAC / RHENAL CONDITIONS
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45
Q

FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT (FVD)

AKA

A

HYPOVOLEMIA / SHOCK

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46
Q

WHAT ARE 3 COMMON CAUSES OF FVD ?

A
  • LOSS OF FLUID
  • THIRD SPACING
  • DISEASES WITH POLYURIA
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47
Q

THORACENTESIS, PARACENTESIS, V/D, HEMORRHAGE CAN ALL RESULT IN WHAT CRITICAL CONDITION ?

A

FVD / SHOCK

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48
Q

_______________________, IS WHEN FLUID IS IN A BODILY SPACE THAT IS OF NO USE.

A

THIRD SPACING

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49
Q

THAT OCCURS TO BODILY FLUIDS DURING BURNS AND ASCITES ?

A

THIRD SPACING

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50
Q

WHAT IS A SIGNIFICANT CONCERN IF THIRD SPACING OCCURS ?

A

HYPOTENSION

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51
Q

A COMMON EXAMPLE OF A DISEASE WHICH EXHIBITS POLYURIA IS ?

A

DM

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52
Q

WHAT IS THE MAJOR CONCERN WITH POLYURIA ?

A

SHOCK

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53
Q

WHAT IS THE PROGRESSION OF POLYURIA IF NOT TREATED ?

A

POLYURIA => OLIGURIA => ANURIA

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54
Q

THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ?

  • RAPID DECREASE IN WEIGHT
  • DECREASED SKIN TURGOR
  • DRY MUCOSE MEMBRANES
  • DECREASED UOP
  • INCREASE IN URINE SG
  • DECREASED BP
  • TACHY / WEAK / THREADY
  • TACCHYPNEA
  • PERIPHERAL VASOCONSTRICTION
  • COOL EXTREMITIES
A

FVD / SHOCK

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55
Q

WHY IS DOES URINE OUTPUT DECREASE DURING FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT ?

A

KIDNEY EITHER AREN’T BEING PERFUSED OR THEY ARE TRYING TO HOLD ONTO FLUID TO COMPENSATE FOR FLUID LOSS

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56
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT ?

A
  • PREVENT FURTHER LOSS
  • MILD - FLUIDS PO
  • SEVERE - IVF
  • MONITOR FOR OVERLOAD WITH IVF REPLACEMENT
  • TREAT FOR SHOCK
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57
Q

THIS TYPE OF IVF GOES INTO THE VASCULAR SPACE AND STAYS THERE

A

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

58
Q

NS , LR , D5W , D5 1/5 NS

ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPOES OF IV SOLUTIONS ?

A

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

59
Q

PATIENTS WITH HTN, CARDIAC / KIDNEY DISEASE SHOULD NOT RECEIVE ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS BECAUSE….. ?

A

ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS CAN CAUSE FVE, HTN, or HYPERNATREMIA

60
Q

THIS TYPE OF IVF GOES INTO THE VASCULAR SPACE AND THEN SHIFTS INTO CELLS TO REPLACE CELLULAR FLUID.

FROM THE VASCULAR SPACE => INTO CELL

A

HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS

61
Q

HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS REHYDRATE BUT DO NOT CAUSE ____________.

62
Q

D2.5W , ½ NS , 0.33% NS , ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPES OF IVD SOLUTIONS ?

A

HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS

63
Q

THESE IVFs ACT AS VOLUME EXPANDERS THAT DRAW FLUID INTO THE VASCULAR SPACE FROM SURROUNDING CELLS.

A

HYERTONIC SOLUTIONS

64
Q

D5LR , D5 ½ NS , D5NS , TPN , ALBUMIN

ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPES OF IVF SOLUTIONS ?

A

HPERTONIC SOLUTIONS

65
Q

PN (PARENTAL NUTRITION) or TNA (TOTAL NUTRITIONAL ADMIXTURE)

AKA

66
Q

WHAT SHOULD YOU BE CAUTIOUS OF WHEN USING HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS?

67
Q

WHAT TYPE OF SOLUTIONS ARE USED TO TREAT PATIENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:

  • HYPONATREMIA
  • SEVERE THIRD SPACE SHIFT
  • SEVERE EDEMA
  • SEVERE BURNS
  • SEVERE ASCITES
A

HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS

68
Q

HOW DO HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS WORK TO TREAT FVD IN PATIENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:

  • HYPONATREMIA
  • SEVERE THIRD SPACE SHIFT
  • SEVERE EDEMA
  • SEVERE BURNS
  • SEVERE ASCITES
A

THEY WILL RETURN THE FLUID VOLUME FROM THE THIRD SPACE TO THE VASCULAR SPACE INCREASING BP.

69
Q

WHAT ARE THE JOINT COMMISSION’s TOP 5 HIGH ALERT MEDICATIONS REQUIRING A SECOND LICENSED NURSE CROSS CHECK ?

A
  • INSULIN
  • OPIATES / NARCS
  • INJ. POTASSIUM CHL or PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATE
  • IV ANTIGOAGs (HEPARIN)
  • SODIUM CHL SOL. ABOVE 0.9%
70
Q

WHAT TYPE OF EFFECT DOES MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM HAVE ON THE BODY ?

A

SEDATIVE EFFECT

71
Q

WHERE IS MAGNESIUM EXCRETED ?

A

KIDNEYS AND GI TRACT

72
Q

HYPERMAGNESEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY …

A

RENAL FAILURE

HEAVY ANTACID USE

73
Q

WHAT CONDITION(s) ARE THE FOLLOWING S/S ASSOCIATED WITH ?

  • FLUSH WARM SKIN (VASODILATION)
  • FLACCID MUSCLE TONE
  • DECREASED DTRs
  • ARRYTHMIA
  • LOC
  • DECRESED PULSE
  • DECREASED RR
A

HYPERMAGNESEMIA

74
Q

WHAT CONDITION(s) ARE THE FOLLOWING S/S ASSOCIATED WITH ?

  • BRITTLE / BROKEN BONES
  • FLACCID MUSCLE TONE
  • DECREASED DTRs
  • ARRYTHMIA
  • LOC
  • DECRESED PULSE
  • DECREASED RR
A

HYPERCALCEMIA

75
Q

WHAT CONDITION(s) ARE THE FOLLOWING S/S ASSOCIATED WITH ?

  • BRITTLE / BROKEN BONES
  • KIDNEY STONES
  • FLACCID MUSCLE TONE
  • DECREASED DTRs
  • ARRYTHMIA
  • LOC
  • DECRESED PULSE
  • DECREASED RR
A

HYPERCALCEMIA

76
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERMAGNESEMIA ?

A
  • VENTILATOR
  • DIALYSIS
  • CALCIUM GLUCONATE
77
Q

WHAT IS CALCIUM GLUCONATE USED AS AN ANTIDOTE FOR ?

A

MAGNESIUM TOXICITY

78
Q

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM , THIAZIDES, AND IMMOBILITY CAN CAUSE WHAT TYPE OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?

A

HYPERCALCEMIA

79
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERCALCEMIA ?

A
  • MOVEMENT / ACTIVITY
  • FLUIDS TO PREVENT KIDNEY STONES
  • INCREASE HIGH PHOSPHORUS DIET
  • STEROIDS
  • Rx TO DECREASE SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS
80
Q

BIPHOSPHATES LIKE ETIDRONATE (DIDRONEL) and CALCITONIN WORK TO TREAT HYPERCALCEMIA BY ?

A

MOVING CALCIUM FROM THE BLOOD TO BONES

81
Q

IN RELATION TO THE SEDATIVE EFFECTS OF MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM,

NOT ENOUGH = _______________

A

MUSCLE / DTR HYPERACTIVITY

82
Q

IN RELATION TO THE SEDATIVE EFFECTS OF MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM,

TOO MUCH = _______________

A

MUSCLE / DTR DEPRESSION

83
Q

ALCOHOLISM AND DIARRHEA CAN CAUSE WHAT KING OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?

A

HYPOMAGNESEMIA

84
Q

HOW DOES ALCOHOLISM CAUSE HYPOMAGNESEMIA ?

A

ETOH IS AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION AND SUPPRESSES ADH

85
Q

THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH MEDICAL CONDITION ?

  • HYPERACTIVE DTR’s
  • RIGID / TIGHT / TWITCHY MUSCLE TONE
  • STRIDOR / LORYNGOSPASMS
  • DIFICULTY SWALLOWING
  • + CHVOSTEK’s - TAP CHEEK
  • + TROUSSEAU’s - PUMP UP BP CUFF
  • ARRYTHMIA
  • POSSIBLE SEIZURES
A

HYPOMAGNESEMIA / HYPOCALCEMIA

DIFFER TO PMHx FOR CONFIRMATORY Dx

86
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPOMAGNESEMIA ?

A
  • GIVE Mg
  • CHECK RENAL FUNCTION BEFORE, DURING and AFTER IV Mg
  • SEIZURE PRECAUTIONS
  • EAT Mg
87
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPOCALCEMIA ?

A
  • PO CALCIUM
  • Vit D
  • PHOSPHATE BINDERS
88
Q

WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF PHOSPHATE BINDERS ?

A

SEVELAMER (RENAGEL)

CALCIUM ACETATE (PHOSLO)

89
Q

HOW CAN HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, RADICAL NECK, or a THYROIDECTOMY CAUSE HYPOCALCEMIA?

A

THEY INHIBIT PTH CAUSING SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS TO DECREASE.

90
Q

1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L

ARE NORMAL LAB VALUES FOR WHAT ELECTROLYTE ?

91
Q

9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL

ARE NORMAL LAB VALUES FOR WHAT ELECTROLYTE ?

92
Q

135 - 145 mEq/L

ARE NORMAL LAB VALUES FOR WHAT ELECTROLYTE ?

93
Q

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

ARE NORMAL LAB VALUES FOR WHAT ELECTROLYTE ?

94
Q

THE AMOUNT OF SODIUM IN YOUR BLOOD IS DEPENDENT ON HOW MUCH ______________ IS IN YOUR BLOOD.

95
Q

HYPERVENTILATION , HEAT STROKE , and DI CAN CAUSE WHAT KIND OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?

A

HYPERNATREMIA / DEHYDRATION

96
Q

THE FOLLOWING /S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?

  • DRY MOUTH
  • THIRST
  • SWOLLEN TONGUE
  • NEUROLOGIC CHANGES
A

HYPERNATREMIA

97
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERNATREMIA ?

A
  • RESTRICT SODIUM
  • INCREASE FLUIDS TO DILUTE PATIENT
  • DAILY WEIGHT
  • I & O
  • LAB MONITORING
98
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPONATREMIA ?

A

GIVE SODIUM

99
Q

THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH TYPE OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?

  • HEAD ACHE
  • SEIZURES
  • COMA
A

HYPONATREMIA

100
Q

WHERE IS POTASSIUM EXCRETED ?

101
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO POTASSIUM LEVELS DURING RENAL FAILURE ?

A

POTASSIUM LEVELS INCREASE

102
Q

THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?

  • LIFE THREATENING ARRYTHMIAS
  • MUSCLE TWITCHING =>
  • MUSCLES WEAKNESS =>
  • FLACCID PARALYSIS
A

HYPERKALEMIA

103
Q

THE FOLLOWING ARE TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS FOR WHAT MEDICAL CONDITION?

  • DIALYSIS
  • CALCIUM GLUCONATE
  • GLUCOSE
  • INSULIN
  • SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE (KAYEXALATE)
A

HYPERKALEMIA

104
Q

WHY IS DIALYSIS NEEDED FOR A PATIENT WITH HYPERKALEMIA ?

A

KIDNEYS FAILURE. SERUM POTASSIUM INCREASING

105
Q

HOW DOES CALCIUM GLUCONATE HELP TREAT HYPERKALEMIA ?

A

DECREASES ARRYTHMIAS

106
Q

THE FOLLOWING CAN BE CAUSES OF WHICH ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?

  • VOMITTING
  • NG SUCTIONING
  • DIURETICS
  • NOT EATING
A

HYPOKALEMIA

107
Q

THE FOLLOWING CAN BE CAUSES OF WHICH ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?

  • POOR KIDNEY FUNCTION
  • SPIRONOLACTONE (ALDACTONE)
A

HYPERCALEMIA

108
Q

HOW DOES THE USE OF SPIRONOLACTONE (ALDACTONE) CAUSE HYPERKALEMIA ?

A

MAKES YOU RETAIN POTASSIUM

109
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPOKALEMIA

A
  • GIVE POTASSIUM
  • Rx SPIRONOLACTONE
  • EAT MORE POTASSIUM
110
Q

HOW DOES SPIRONOLACTONE WORK IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERKALEMIA ?

A

RETAINS POTASSIUM

111
Q

WHAT ARE 3 MAJOR CHEMICAL COMPUNDS YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR ACID BASE BALANCES

A

BICARB

HYDROGEN

CO2

112
Q

BICARB

BASE or ACID

113
Q

HYDROGEN

BASE or ACID

114
Q

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

BASE or ACID

115
Q

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CHEMICAL(s) EXCRETED BY THE LUNGS ?

A

CO2 => ACID

116
Q

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CHEMICAL(s) EXCRETED BY THE KIDNEYS ?

A

HYDROGEN => ACID

BICARB => BASE

117
Q

WHAT ARE NORMAL pH RANGE VALUES ?

A

7.35 - 7.45

118
Q

pH LESS THAN 7.35 BECOMES ____________

119
Q

pH GREATER THAN 7.45 BECOMES _________

A

ALKALOTIC / BASIC

120
Q

A PATIENT WITH A BLOOD GAS THAT IS ACIDIC WILL PRESENT ____________

121
Q

A PATIENT WITH A BLOOD GAS THAT IS ALKALOTIC WILL PRESENT ____________

122
Q

HOW DOES THE BODY MAINTAIN A NORMAL pH BALANCE THROUGHOUT THE BODY ?

A

COMPENSATION BETWEEN THE LUNGS AND KIDNEYS

123
Q

HOW DO KIDNEYS COMPENSATE FOR pH BALANCE ?

A

THEY CAN EITHER EXCRETE or RETAIN HYDROGEN and BICARB

*** TAKES HOURS

124
Q

HOW DO LUNGS COMPENSATE FOR pH BALANCE ?

A

HYPER / HYPOVENTILATION

125
Q

WHAT EFFECT DOES HYPERVENTILATION HAVE ON ABG ?

A

DECREASES CO2 => ALKILOSIS

126
Q

WHAT EFFECT DOES HYPOVENTILATION HAVE ON ABG ?

A

INCREASES CO2 => ACIDOSIS

127
Q

WHAT IS THE pH RESPONSE TIME DURING LUNG COMPENSATION ?

128
Q

RESPIRATORY __________ CAN RESULT FROM:

  • RETAINING CO2
  • MID-ABD INCISION
  • NARCS
  • SLEEPING PILLS
  • PNEUMOTHORAX
  • COLLAPSED LUNG
  • PNEUMONIA
A

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

129
Q

THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT TYPE OF ABG ?

  • RESTLESSNESS
  • TACHYCARDIA
  • HYPOXIA
  • HEADACHE
  • CONFUSED
  • SLEEPY =>
  • COMA
A

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

130
Q

HOW IS RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS TREATED?

A

BY WHATEVER MEANS TO IMPROVE GAS EXCHANGE

131
Q

RESPIRATORY __________ CAN RESULT FROM:

  • HYSTERICAL HYPERVENTILATION
  • ACUTE ASAS OD
A

RESPIRATORY ALKILOSIS

132
Q

WHAT EFFECT ON THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DOES HYPERVENTILATION HAVE ?

A

REMOVES TOO MUCH CO2 CAUSING VASOCONSTRICTION AND REDUCING BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN

133
Q

THE FOLLOWING ARE S/S ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT TYPE OF ABG ?

  • LIGHTHEADED / FAINT
  • PERI-ORBITAL NUMBNESS
  • NUMBNESS / TINGLING IN FINGERS AND TOES
  • SOME FORM OF BITCH HYSTERICS
A

REPIRATORY ALKILOSIS

134
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR RESPIRATORY ALKILOSIS ?

A
  • FIVE ACROSS THE EYES
  • TREAT THE CAUSE
  • POSSIBLE SEDATION
    • MONITOR ABGs
135
Q

WHAT ABG WOULD BE EXPECTED TO BE SEEN IN THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ?

  • DKA
  • STARVATION
  • RENAL FAILURE
  • SEVERE DIARRHEA
A

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

136
Q

THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH TYPE OF ABG ?

  • HYERKALEMIA
  • KUSSMAUL RESPIRATIONS (INCREASED RR)
A

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

137
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR METABOLIC ACIDOSIS ?

A

TREAT THE PROBLEM

138
Q

METABOLIC ___________ CAN RESLUT FROM

  • LOSS OF UPPER GI CONTENTS (UPPER GI = ACID)
  • TOO MANY ANTACIDS - TOO MUCH BASE
A

METABOLIC ALKILOSIS

139
Q

S/S OF ___________________ CARE DEPENDENT ON CAUSE. OBSERVE LOC, MUSCLE CRAMPS and LIFE THREATENING ARRYTHMIAS.

A

METABOLIC ALKILOSIS

140
Q

SERUM POTASSIUM LEVELS WILL ___________ IN METABOLIC ACIDOSIS.

141
Q

SERUM POTASSIUM LEVELS WILL ___________ IN METABOLIC ALKILOSIS.

142
Q

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR A PATIENT WITH METABOLIC ALKALOSIS ?

A

FIX THE PROBLEM

REPLACE POTASSIUM

NCLEX-LPN (2 decks)

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