NCLEX generics Flashcards
prochlorperazine
Compazine; antiemetic
alendronate; risedronate
Bone resorption inhibitors take in am before food with a full glass of water and remain upright for 30 min
clonidine
antiHTN avoid EtOH, hi Na foods, smoking change position slowly
tamoxifen
antineoplastic for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer tumors GI upset–with food, antiemetic can cause vag bleeding, hot flashes-stops after tx
meclizine
antiemetic; tx of vertigo and motion sickness
flurbiprofen
inhibition of intraop miosis
folic acid
treatment of anemia, liver disease, alcoholism, bowel obstruction, def in pregnancy hi folic acid foods: bran, yeast, dried beans, nuts, fruits, fresh veg, asparagus
dabigatran
Pradaxa anticoagulant
insulin isophane
NPH; onset 1 hour, peak 4-12 h
levonorgestrel
Mirena IUD (5 years) ; po emergency contraceptive monitor for PID and bg in DM pts
estradiol
treatment of menopause symptoms, inoperable breast cancer (non est dep) atrophic vaginitis osteoporosis prevention contact md if over 5 lbs/week wt gain may increase risk of endometrial/ovarian cancer and CV events
vancomycin
glycopeptide abx Can cause hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, tinnitus, and red man syndrome
acarbose
OHA; take with first bite of food
travoprost
antiglaucoma ophthalmic pressure on tear ducts 1 min stop if eye inflamm occurs; may cause itching and discomfort
probenecid
antigout and increase PEN levels in gonorrhea tx avoid purine foods and alcohol
albuterol
sympathomimetic bronchodilator rescue asthma inhaler, prevention EIA po: take with food (twf) pt-take radial pulse
diazepam
Valium; benzo
carbidopa/levodopa
dopaminergic replacement for Parkinson’s take with food change positions slowly can darken body secretions and increase LFTs can cause twitching, mental/mood changes, dizziness and arrythmias
nabumetone
NSAID
indapamide
thiazide diuretics
hydroxychloroquine
Plaquenil antimalarial, tx of SLE and RA
beta blockers
SE: bradycardia, cold extremeties oHoTN bronchospasm heart block can worsen HF and mask hypoglycemia in diabetics Don’t d/c abruptly check pulse-hold for less than 50 and call MD
insulin regular
onset 30-60 min; peak 2-4 hrs
nitrofurantoin
urinary anti-infective (Macrobid);
hydroxyzine
antihistamine itching, anxiety, n/v, sedation
tamsulosin
Flomax; alpha adrenoceptor antagonist.; treats BPH by decreasing spasms; change positions slowly
CCBs
amlodipine nifedipine diltiazem verapamil decrease workload of heart, coronary vasodilator SE: flushing edema avoid OTC cold meds and caffeine monitor HR
doxepin
TCA
benztropine
anticholinergic; treatment of Parkinson’s, EPS and acute dystonia taper to d/c change positions slowly antidote: physostigmine
caffeine/ergotamine
treats vascular HA take at onset/prodromal stage–abortive toxic ergotism:n/v/d, confusion
tiotropium ipratropium
anticholinergic; COPD maintenance, bronchodilator for bronchospasm rinse mouth after inhalation–can cause dry mouth, thrush 10-12 GOW/day
lactulose
laxative used for chronic constipation and to decrease ammonia level
sucralfate
antiulcer med
isoniazid
antitubercular can cause peripheral neuropathy and liver damage
methylphenidate
ADHA, narcolepsy, depression in elderly taper to d/c; don’t take too close to bedtime decrease caffeine
norethidrone
progestin OCP mgmt of uterine bleeding, amenorrhea, endometriosis may cause wt gain; contact md if over 5 lbs/week avoid smoking
ticlodipine
plt aggregation inhibitor
hyoscyamine
anticholinergic; treats spastic d/o and urinary incontinence
zidovudine
AZT antiviral HIV med GI upset/insomnia resolve after 3-4 weeks
levobunolol
topical ophthalmic beta blocker; glaucoma, ocular HTN pressure on tear duct 1 min report SOB, cp, palpitations; diabetics monitor BG for HoGly
potassium
do not infuse faster than 10 mg/hr in adults IV infusions may sting/ monitor for extravasation hyperkalemia: lethargy, confusion, GI s/s, decreased UOP hypokalemia: fatigue, weakness, polyuria/dipsia, cardiac changes avoid otc antacids, salt substitutes
chlordiazepoxide
Librium; benzo
tolterodine
Detrol; anticholinergic used to treat overactive bladder
general NSAIDS
take with food, upright 30 min avoid alcohol, other NSAIDS, ASA, steroids (some just caution) monitor for blurred vision, tinnitus, fluid retention, melena can increase CV thrombotic events, GI bleed/ulcer
baclofen
skeletal muscle relaxant (reduce spasticity in MS, SCI, muscle rigidity) take with food, avoid CNS depressants taper to d/c
topiramate
Topamax anticonvulsant, antimigraine
indomethacin
NSAID antirheumatic take with food, upright 30 min avoid alcohol, other NSAIDS, ASA
selegiline
indirect-acting dopaminergic agent Parkinson’s, adjust to L/C taper to d/c (r/f parkinsonian crisis) avoid MAOIs and tyramine foods
doxycycline
tetracycline abx avoid milk and food high in Ca
prednisone hydrocortisone methylprednisolone
corticosteroids AE: PUD/perf depression HTN, fluid retention n/d hyperglycemia immunosuppression slow healing weight gain Diet: Hi PRO, Ca&D, low Na take with food, milk, antacids
amitriptyline
TCA; avoid alcohol, take hs; anticholinergic effects, arrythmias
lidocaine
antiarrythmic-PVCs monitor BUN/creat and for rales
ferrous sulfate
upright 15-30 min to avoid esophageal erosion; take 1 hour before bedtime with or without food; avoid within 2 hours of antacids, eggs, milk, coffee/tea Stools with turn black/green; call md for blood streaks
niacinamide
treatment of pellagra, hi cholesterol may cause HA, flushing, oHotn take with food, ASA/NSAIDSto reduce flushing change positions slowly
triamcinolone
Nasacort; steroid asthma inhaler
phenytoin
Dilantin anticonvulsant, TGN, migraines, Bell’s palsy Can cause gingival hyperplasia, increased BG and turn body fluids pink/re/brown Taper to d/c Long term supplement folic acid
triamcinolone
topical anti-inflammatory-steroid
metformin
biguanide OHA take with meal to decrease GI distress danger of lactic acidosis toxicity–need good hepatic and renal function (monitor) ; stop med with dehydration, infection and 48h before contrast dye
theophylline
treatment of asthma, COPD bronchospasm methylxanthine bronchodilator take with full glass water on empty stomach avoid otc meds with ephedrine, alcohol, smoking, caffeine can cause sinus tach, watch for toxicity (n/v, anxiety, convulsions)
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Bactrim; sulfonamide abx take with full glass water, photosensitivity
insulin aspart
rapid acting; onset 15 min, peak 1-3 h
ibuprofen
NSAID antirheumatic take with milk/food caution with ASA allergy monitor for blurred vision, tinnitus, fluid retention
naproxen
NSAID antirheumatic with food
brimonidine
antiglaucoma ophthalmic WAIT 15 MIN TO PUT IN CONTACTS
etodolac
NSAID antirheumatic toxicity: blurred vision, tinnitus can increase CV thrombotic events, GI bleed/ulcer
promethazine
Phenergan; antiemetic used for motion sickness, allergies, pre/post op sedation
cyanocobalamin hydroxocobalamin
vitamin B12 replacement; pernicious anemia foods hi in B12: meats, seafood, egg yolk, ferm cheese
divalproex
Depakote anticonvulsant and antimania, antimigraine
amiodorone
treats ventricular arrythmias Watch for pulmonary toxicity and neurotoxicity (tingling, weakness, tremors) HR before admin photosensitivity can increase AST, ALT
temazepam zaleplon zolpidem
hypnotics used short term for insomnia Short term only, avoid CNS depressants
dicyclomine
anticholinergic; IBS tx take 30 min before meals and hs
bupropion duloxetine mirtazapine trazodone venlafaxine
novel antidepressants
colchicine
antigout increase fluids and avoid purine foods and grapefruit abd cramps is sign of toxicity
statins
take 1 h before or 4 h after other meds can cause hypoprothrombinemia–watch for bleeding monitor liver enzymes and muscle pain avoid grapefruit
ergocalciferol
vitamin D replacement; rickets, psoriasis,RA, hypoparathyroid may cause metallic taste, dry mouth
dipyridamole
plt aggregation inhibitor
sulfasalazine
antiulcer med; treats IBS and arthritis
pregabalin
Lyrica anticonvulsant and neuropathic pain
diclofenac
NSAID, antirheumatic , post op cataract inflam, dysmenorrhea take with full glass water and upright 30 min
metaxalone
skeletal muscle relaxant avoid CNS depressants and activities that require alertness until effects are known
metronidazole
antiprotozoal urine dark red/brown no alcohol-Disulfiram Rxn
disulfiram
with alcohol causes flushing, cp/arrythmias, HoTN, seiaures, throbbing HA, sweating also avoid cough syrup, vinegar, lotions with alcohol begin tx 12h after last drink
amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin
aminoglycoside abx danger of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity/vertigo/tinnitus dont use in pregnancy
metoclopramide
Reglan; increases gastric emptying
glimepiride glyburide glipizide
Sulfonylurea OHAs take 30 min before meal
carbamazepine
Tegretol; bipolar d/o, seizures, TGN, neuropathy can cause myelosuppression, photosensitivity, and diplopia
donepezil
AD treatment–stabilizes, relieves symptoms
eletriptan
antimigraine can cause coronary artery vasospasm–call 911/MD for cp or SOB call for AMS, tachcardia, faintness, sweating, ataxia (r/f MI, VT, VFib)
dorzolamide dorzolamide/timolol
antiglaucoma ophthalmic; ocular HTN; lowers IOP; sulfonamide may cause stinging, blurred vision, tearing, and photophobia, and bitter taste but only stop med if eye inflamm occurs pressure on tear ducts 1 min
levothyroxine
replacement thyroid hormone (T4) take same time daily avoid hi I foods and iodized salt
fluocinonide
topical anti-inflammatory-steroid
cromolyn
opthtalmic, treats conjunctivitis, keratitis no soft contacts
carisoprodol
skeletal muscle relaxant avoid CNS depressants and activities that require alertness until effects are known can cause dependence
lamotrigine
Lamictal anticonvulsant
hydralazine
antiHTN take PO dose with food.
lithium
bipolar agent-mood stabilizer level:0.6-1.2 (1-1.5) increase fluids and adequate salt intake s/s toxicity: v/d, weakness, drowsiness, ataxia
chlorthalidone
thiazide diuretic
metolazone
thiazide
methotrexate
antineoplastic used to treat RA, psoriasis, and cancer don’t take with ASA or NSAIDS can cause alopecia, anorexia, mouth sores, nvd monitor for pulmonary toxicity (dry cough)
zolmitriptan
acute migraine avoid tyramine foods, alcohol, and decrease caffeine can cause serotonin syndrome when used with antidepressants
phentermine
appetite suppressant
methocarbamol
skeletal muscle relaxant avoid CNS depressants and activities that require alertness until effects are known can give IV/IM/PO metallic taste and green/black urine
timolol
topical ophthalmic beta blocker; glaucoma, ocular HTN pressure on tear duct 1 min WAIT 15 MIN TO PUT IN CONTACTS
buspirone
antianxiety med Avoid EtOH, CNS depressants, demerol, MAOIs, and grapefruit juice
ketoconazole
topical antifungal
fluconazole
antifungal can increase PT with coumadin monitor BG in DM pts
dig therapeutic level
0.5-2
cromolyn sodium inhaler
antiinflammatory, mast cell stabilizer asthma prophylaxis not for acute attacks notify MD for wheezing, resp distress
sotalol
antiarrythmic
alprazolam
Xanax; benzodiazepine can cause dependance; don’t d/c abruptly, can cause seiaures
acyclovir valacyclovir
Zovirax Valtrex antiviral increase fluids
cyclobenzaprine
skeletal muscle relaxant; relieves muscle spasms from acute conditions avoid CNS depressants and activities that require alertness until effects are known
amphotericin B
antifungal
hydrocodone
antitussive; pain relief can cause dependency long term withdrawal: n/v/abd cramps, faintness, anorexia
albuterol/ipratropium inhaler
COPD assess for allergy to soy, atropine, peanuts avoid OTC cough/allergy meds may cause nervousness/tremors, dry mouth, photophobis, tachycardia
terbutaline
sympathomimetic bronchodilator; asthma, COPD bronchospasm mgmt inhaled: short term po: long term teach pt radial pulse
doxazosin prazosin terazosin
alpha adrenergic receptor blockers–oHotn prec treats HTN, CHF after MI, CV risk reduction Contact MD for edema, SOB, dry cough avoid salt subs
insulin glargine
long acting;
procainamide
treats lethal ventricular arrythmias and maintains NSR after conversion of atrial arrythmia
carbamazepine
Tegretol anticonvulant can cause myelosuppression, take with food, no grapefruit
allopurinol
antigout increase fluids and take with food, avoid alcohl, organ meats gravy, legumes
oxybutinin
anticholinergic; antispasmodic treatment of neurogenic bladder
nortriptyline
TCA
NSAIDS
can cause blurred vision, tinnitus, edema, hematuria (kidney damage)-call MD take with food, avoid EtOH (can cause GI bleed)
valsartan
ARB treats HTN, CHF when pt can’t have ACE inhibitor avoid salt subs
desogestrel….(various)/ethinyl estradiol
OCP; treatment of endometriosis, hypermenorrhea contact MD for unusual bleeding, severe HA, SOB changes in vision, chest.leg pain (r/f clots) avoid smoking–increases r/f CV events stop 1 week before surgery may cause contact lens intolerance St. Johns wort, many abx can decrease effectiveness
olanzepine
Zyprexa; antipsychotic
finasteride
testosterone inhibitor; treats BPH (Proscar) and alopecia (Propecia)
narcan
reverse narcotic depression; opioid antagonist may increase PTT/ monitor for bleeding withdrawal of narcotic dependent pts: restlessness, muscle spasms, tearing
misoprostol
Cytotec; ulcer prevention during NSAID therapy; take with meals and hs
montelukast
allergy and asthma prophylaxis; leukotriene inhibitor notify MD for wheezing, resp distress can increase r/t neuropsychiatric events
rivaroxaban
Xarelto anticoagulant
flunisolide
steroid inhaler, asthma
clomiphene
ovulation stimulant can cause vasomotor flushes, heavy menses, depression, HA, wt gain, constipation, enlarged ovaries report abn bleeding, pelvic pain, menopause symptoms, wt gain or decreased UOP immediately, monitor for visual disturbances
benzonatate
antitussive; Tessalon avoid CNS depressants toxicity: convulsions, trembling
clarithromycin erythromycin
macrolide abx
salsalate
salicylate antirheumatic
guaifenesin
expectorant take with fgw
cimetidine famotidine
antiulcer meds, decrease acid production avoid EtOH, ASA, and caffeine, which increase acid production
hydrochlorothiazide
thiazide diuretic can cause hypokalemia and hyperglycemia, and confusion in elderly
imipramine
TCA
esomeprazole omeprazole lansoprazole pantoprazole
PPI; take before meals
citalopram escitalopram fluoxetine paroxetine sertraline
SSRI; take in am
ciprofloxacin levofloxacin
Cipro Levaquin Fluoroquinolone abx May cause photosensitivity, tendon rupture
salmeterol
sympathomimetic bronchodilator; long term asthma control, prevention EIA bronchospasm prevention COPD NOT a rescue inhaler contact MD for more than 4 uses for 2 days
piroxicam
NSAID antirheumatic
