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Pharmacology > NCLEX Drug Stduy Guide > Flashcards

NCLEX Drug Stduy Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Anti infectives

A

Treat infections

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2
Q

Antihypertensives

A

Lower blood pressure

Increase blood flow to the myocardium

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3
Q

Antidiarrheals

A

Decrease gastric motility

Reduce water content in the intestinal tract

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4
Q

Diurectics

A

Decrease water and sodium absorption in the kidney

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5
Q

Loop diuretics

A

Decrease absorption of sodium and water in the Loop of Henley

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6
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Inhibit antidiuretic hormone

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7
Q

Antacids

A

Reduce hydrochloric acid in the stomach

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8
Q

Common side effect of calcium aluminum based antacids

A

Constipation

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9
Q

Common side effect of magnesium based antacid

A

Diarrhea

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10
Q

Antipyretic

A

Reduce fever

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11
Q

Antihistamines

A

Block the release of histamines in allergic reactions

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12
Q

Common side effect of antihistamines

A

Dry mouth
Drowsiness
Sedation

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13
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Dilate large air passages

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14
Q

Bronchodilators commonly prescribed to treat

A

Asthma

Chronic obstructive lung disease

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15
Q

Common side effect of bronchodilators

A

Tachycardia

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16
Q

Laxatives

A

Promote the passage of stool

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17
Q

Types of laxatives

A 
Stool softeners
Cathartic
Fiber
Lubricants 
Stimulants
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18
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Prevent clot formation by decreasing vitamin K levels and blocking the clotting chain
Preventing platelet aggregation

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19
Q

Anti anemic

A

Increase factors necessary for red blood cell production

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20
Q

Examples of anti anemic

A

B12
Iron
Epogen (erythropoetin)

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21
Q

Narcotics/analgesics

A

Relieve moderate to severe pain

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22
Q

Examples of narcotics/analgesics

A

Opioids (morphine, codeine)
Synthetic opioids (meperidine)
NSAIDs (ketorolac)

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23
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Management of seizure disorder

Treatment of bipolar disorder

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24
Q

Examples of anticonvulsants

A

Lorazepam (Ativan)
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

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25
Anticholinergics
Decrease oral secretion (cause mucous membranes to become dry)
26
Examples of anticholinergics
Atropine
27
Mydriatics
Dilate the pupils
28
Mydriatics treat
Cataracts
29
Miotics
Constrict the pupils
30
Example of miotics
Pilocarpine HCI
31
Miotics treat
Glaucoma
32
Abbreviations for time released drugs
``` Dur-duration SR-sustained release CR-continuous release SA-sustained action Contin-continuous action LA-long acting ```
33
Time released drugs
Should not be crushed or opened
34
Enteric coated tablets
Prevents absorption in Upper GI tract | Slower absorption
35
Spansules
Capsules containing time released beads that are slowly released
36
If patient unable to swallow time released preparation
Notify physician to obtain an alternative preparation
37
Seven rights of administering medication
Right client (ask client to state name and check id band) Right route (check order for route of administration) Right drug (check order for both generic and trade name) Right amount (calculate correct dosage for adults and children) Right time (administer medication 30 minutes before or after assigned time) Right documentation (to prevent duplication of drug administration) Right to refuse treatment (patients have the right to refuse medication or treatment)
38
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Antihypertensives (treat both primary and secondary hypertension)
39
Examples of Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
``` Benazepril (Lotensin) Lisinopril (Zestril) Captopril (Capoten) Enalapril (Vasotec) Fosinopril (Monopril) Moexipril (Univas) Quinapril (Acupril) Ramipril (Alsace) ```
40
Pril
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
41
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors side effects
Hypotension Hacking cough Nausea/vomiting Respiratory symptoms
42
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors nursing considerations
Monitor vital signs frequently Monitor WBC count Monitor electrolyte levels
43
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors action
Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
44
Beta adrenergics blockers
Lower blood pressure, pulse rate and cardiac output
45
Beta adrenergic blockers treat
Migraine headaches Vascular headaches Glaucoma Prevent myocardial infarctions
46
Beta adrenergic blockers action
Blocking the sympathetic vasomotor response
47
Olol
Beta adrenergic blockers/beta blockers
48
Examples of beta adrenergic blockers/beta blockers
Acebutolol (Monitan, Rhotral, Sectral) Atenolol (Tenormin, Apo-Atenol, Nova-Atenol) Esmolol (Brevibloc) Propanolol (Inderal) Carvedilol(Corey) note does not end olol but I’ll
49
Beta adrenergic blockers/beta blockers side effects
``` Orthostatic hypotension Bradycardia Nausea/vomiting Diarrhea Congestive heart failure Blood dyscrasias ```
50
Beta adrenergic blockers/beta blockers nursing considerations
Monitor changes in lab valves that indicate nephrotic symptoms (protein, BUN, creatinine) Monitor BP, heart rate and rhythm Monitor for edema Teach patient to: rise slowly report bradycardia, dizziness, confusion, depression, fever taper off the medication
51
Aminoglycosides
Anti infectives
52
Aminoglycosides action
Interfere with protein synthesis of the bacteria,causing the bacteria to die
53
Cin/mycin
Aminoglycosides/anti infectives
54
Examples of aminoglycosides/anti infectives
``` Gentamicin (Garamycin, Alcomicin, Genoptic) Kanamycin (Kantrex) Streptomycin (Streptomycin) Tobramycin (Tobrex, Nebcin) Amikacin (Amikin) ```
55
Aminoglycosides/anti infectives side effects
``` Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Seizures Blood dyscrasias Hypotension Rash ```
56
Aminoglycosides/anti infectives nursing considerations
``` Obtain history of allergies Monitor IO Monitor vital signs during IV infusion Maintain patent IV site Monitor for therapeutic levels Monitor for signs of nephrotoxicity Monitor for signs of ototoxicity Teach patient to report any changes in urinary elimination Monitor peak trough levels ```
57
Peak trough levels
Determine therapeutic dosage by blood test levels (done 30-60 mins after the 3rd or 4th IV/IM dose and 30 mins before the next dose)
58
Aminoglycosides/anti infectives treat
Super infections - Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
59
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) symptoms
``` Fever Malaise Redness Pain Swelling Perineal itching Diarrhea Stomatitis Cough ```
60
Benzodiazepines
Anticonvulsants/antianxiety
61
Pam, pate, lam/azo, aze
Benzodiazepines/anticonvulsants/antianxiety
62
Benzodiazepines action
Sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsants, antianxiety
63
Examples of benzodiazepines/anticonvulsants/antianxiety
``` Clonazepam (Klonopin) Diazepam (Valium) Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) Lorazepam (Ativan) Flurazepam (Dalmane) ```
64
Benzodiazepines/anticonvulsants/antianxiety side effects
Drowsiness, lethargy, depression Ataxia (loss of full control of body movements) Restlessness, slurred speech Bradycardia, hypotension Diplopia (double vision) Nystagmus (rapid involuntary eye movements) Nausea/ vomiting Constipation, incontinence, urinary retention Respiratory depression, rash Urticaria (rash of round red welts, intense itching with swelling caused by allergic reaction, typically to specific foods)
65
Benzodiazepines/anticonvulsants/antianxiety nursing considerations
Monitor respirations Monitor liver, kidney, bone marrow function Monitor for signs of chemical abuse
66
Phenothiazines
Antipsychotic/antiemetic(nausea/vomiting)/neuroleptic
67
Zine
Phenothiazines/antipsychotic/antiemetic/neuroleptic
68
Phenothiazines action
Antiemetic | Tranquilizer
69
Examples of phenothiazines/antipsychotic/antiemetic
``` Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) Prochlorperazine (Compazine) Trifluoperazine (Stelazine) Promethazine (Phenergan) Hydroxyzine (Vistaril) Fluphenazine (Prolixin) ```
70
Phenothiazines/antipsychotic/antiemetic side effects
``` Extrapyramidal effects (drug induced movement disorder that include acute and tardive symptoms) Drowsiness, sedation Orthostatic hypotension Dry mouth Agranulocytosis Photosensitivity Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ```
71
Glucocorticoids
Anti inflammatory, anti allergenic, anti stress, immunosuppressant
72
Glucocorticoids action
Decrease the inflammatory response to allergies and inflammatory diseases Decrease the possibility of organ transplant rejection
73
Sone/cort
Glucocorticoids

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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