Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCLEX > NCLEX > Flashcards

NCLEX Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

What medication is contraindicated for individuals with Hemophillia? and why?

A
  • NSAIDS (Ibuprofen, Aspirin)
  • Inhibits platelet aggregation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a long-term complication associated with hemophillia?

A
  • Joint destruction (Hemathrosis)
    -Most frequent sites of internal bleeding are the joint cavities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RivaroXABAN, edoXABAN, and apiXABAN are all examples of what type of medication?

A

Factor Xa inhibitors - Anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are factor Xa inhibitors being prescribed more frequently than other oral anticoagulants such as warfarin?

A
  • Lower risk of bleeding and require less ongoing monitoring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should clients’ avoid taking when prescribed factor Xa inhibitors ?

A
  • NSAIDs (increase risk for uncontrolled bleeding)
  • Garlic
  • Ginger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S/S of fluid & electrolyte imbalances (general)

A
  • Tetany (intermittent muscle spasms)
  • Prolonged QT intervals (arrhythmias)
  • Paresthesia (numbness or tingling of the hands and lips)
  • Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes
  • Fatigue
  • Confusion and irritability
  • Diarrhea or constipation
  • Headaches
  • Muscle cramps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

S/S of hypocalcemia

A
  • Serum calcium <9.0 mg/dl [2.25 mmol/L]
  • often associated with decreased parathyroid hormone levels
  • tingling lips
  • Seizure activity
  • Bronchospasm
  • Muscle cramping
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias
  • Dry, scaly skin
  • confusion or irritability
  • brittle nails
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S/S of hypokalemia

A
  • Serum potassium <3.5mEq/L [2.5 mmol/L]
  • Constipation
  • Heart palpitations
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle weakness and spasms
  • Tingling and numbness
  • Muscle twitches and/or cramps
  • arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S/S of hyponatremia

A
  • Serum sodium <135mEq/L [135mmol/L
  • N/V
  • Headache
  • Confusion
  • Fatigue
  • Restlessness
  • Muscle weakness, spasms, or cramps
  • Seizures
  • Coma
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypocalcemia is commonly caused after a thyroidectomy due to what?

A

Hypoparathyroidism - decreased parathyroid hormone levels
- Parathyroid hormone and calcium have a reciprocal relationship therefore when one increases or decreases so does the other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the chvostek or Trousseau sign used to look for?

A
  • Hypocalcemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Chvostek and Trousseau sign?

A

Chvostek sign - twitching of the facial muscles in response to tapping over the facial nerve
Trousseau sign - Carpopedal spasm which involves flexion of the wrist, thumb, and MCP joints induced by pressure applied to the arm by an inflated BP cuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What medication is used to increase calcium levels?

A

Calcium gluconate
& Vitamin D to increase calcium absorption in the intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clients with hypocalcemia should include which types of food in their diet?

A
  • Foods high in calcium & vitamin D
    Ex. tofu, banana, sardines, almonds, and dark green vegetables.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical manifestations of fetal alcohol syndrome

A
  • Intellectual disability
  • Developmental delay
  • Distinct facial characteristics (indistinct philtrum (smooth space between lip and nose), thin upper lip, epicanthal folds, flat midface, short palpebral fissures)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of isolation precaution should a client with C.diff, MRSA, VRE, or scabies be placed in ?

A

Contact precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the infection-control measures for contact isolation?

A
  • Hand hygiene ( soap and water for C.diff)
  • Nonsterile gloves
  • Gown
  • Private room preferred
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tenecteplase (TNK) - tPA injection is used for what?

A
  • Used to manage intravascular clots
  • Used when a blood clot in a heart artery causes an MI
  • Ischemic stroke within 4.5 hours after the onset of stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is TNK given?

A
  • IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Difference between TNK and tPA?

A
  • TNK is modified with higher attraction to clots, which results in less unintended bleeding in other areas of the brain compared to tPA
  • TNK has a longer half-life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of insulin is Lantus –> Glargine

A
  • Long-acting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the peak time of long-acting insulin & when should it be given?

A
  • No peak because it is slowly absorbed
  • Given at bedtime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What side should someone using a cane hold it on?

A
  • Hold cane on strong/unaffected side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do you measure for crutches?

A
  • correct length if 2-3 fingers space between the top of the crutch pad and the axilla
  • Hand grip: at wrist level when arms are hanging and approx 30 degrees of elbow flexion when using
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How do you walk up and down stairs with crutches?

A
  • Up with the good, down with the bad
    ie: first good leg goes up then bad leg vs Going down the bad leg goes down first with crutches
  • Crutches move with the bad leg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the purpose of a small-volume cleansing enema?

A

Works by pulling fluid into the internal lumen, which softens stool to promote defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What type of fluid is used in a small-volume cleansing enema?

A

100-200ml of hypertonic solution (sodium phosphate) –> to draw fluid towards solute to soften stool within the bowel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Large- volume enemas use what fluid?

A

Tap water >500 ml of water (hypotonic solution) into the colon

29
Q

What do Lipase inhibitors do?

A

prevent the breakdown and absorption of fats from the intestines
- prescribed for clients with obesity who have difficulty losing weight
- Should be taken with or within 1 hour of meals that contain fat, if meal does not contain fat then the dose may be skipped

30
Q

A client with a C3 spinal cord injury has a headache and nausea. The clients’ BP is 170/100 mm Hg. How should the nurse respond initially?
A. Administer PRN analgesic medication
B. Administer PRN hypertensive medication
C. Lower the head of the bed
D. Palpate the client’s bladder

A

D

31
Q

What is autonomic dysreflexia?

A

An acute life-threatening response to noxious (Harmful) stimuli, which clients with spinal cord injuries above T6 are unable to feel.

32
Q

S/S of Autonomic dysreflexia

A
  • Hypertension
  • Bradycardia
  • A pounding headache
  • Diaphoresis
  • Nausea
33
Q

Noxious stimuli may include:

A
  • Bladder distention eg. obstructed urinary catheter, neurogenic bladder
  • Fecal impaction
  • Tight clothing eg. shoelaces, waistbands
34
Q

What is intussusception?

A

Occurs when a segment of the intestine prolapses and then telescopes into an adjacent segment.

35
Q

S/S of intussusception

A
  • Vomiting
  • Stool changes (red, jelly-like stools)
  • acute episodes of abdominal pain
  • sausage-shaped mass palpated in the right upper quadrant
  • Right lower quadrant often feels empty to palpation
36
Q

The nurse should be MOST concerned about a child with intussusception developing… what (2)

A
  • Bowel ischemia
  • Perforation
37
Q

What are the anticipated nursing interventions for a child with intussusception

A
  • Administer IV fluids
  • Preparing the client for an air enema
  • Maintaining client on NPO status to decrease peristalsis and promote bowel rest.
  • NG MAY also be indicated, depending on severity of obstruction
38
Q

What is the recommended needle length for an IM injection ?

A

1-1.5 inch (2.5 to 3.8 cm) needle is used to reach the proper muscle space

39
Q

What is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

A

Characterized as a progressive loss of motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord

40
Q

S/S of ALS

A
  • Spasticity
  • Muscle weakness
  • Atrophy
  • neurons involved in swallowing & resp function are eventually impaired leading to aspiration, respiratory failure and death
41
Q

Erythropoietin therapy increases the risk for…

A
  • HTN
  • Stroke
  • MI
  • Blood clots
  • Heart failure
    due to thickened blood related to the higher concentration of RBCs
42
Q

Features of metabolic syndrome include..

A
  • Increased waist circumference
  • Increase BP
  • Increased triglycerides
  • Decreased HDL
  • Increased fasting blood glucose
    We Better Think High Glucose
    Waist cir, BP, Triglycerides, HDL, glucose
43
Q

Metabolic syndrome, IE:

A

Insulin resistance syndrome

44
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart defects: (6)

A

-Ebstein anomaly
- Tetralogy of fallot
- Tricuspid atresia
- transposition of the great vessels
- Truncus arteriosus
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

45
Q

Noncyanotic congenital heart defects: (4)

A
  • Atrial septal defect
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Patent ductus arteriosus
  • Coarctation of the aorta
46
Q

A cyanotic congenital heart defect specifically tetralogy of fallot is characterized by the presence of 4 defects:

A
  • Ventricular septal defects (opening between left & right ventricle which allows mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood)
  • Pulmonary stenosis
  • Overriding aorta
  • Rt ventricular hypertrophy
47
Q

Major adverse effects of beta-blockers

A
  • Bradycardia
    -Bronchospasm
  • Hypotension
  • Depression
  • Erectile dysfunction
48
Q

Major adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

A
  • Dry cough
  • Hypotension
  • Reflex tachycardia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Angioedema
49
Q

Major adverse effects of sulfonylureas

A
  • Hypoglycemia ie: diaphoresis, headache, hunger, tachycardia, confusion
50
Q

Major adverse effects of Thyroid replacement

A
  • Symptoms of hyperthyroidism ie: Diarrhea, weight loss, palpitations, tachycardia, sweating and heat intolerence
51
Q

What type of medication are sulfonylureas?

A

Hypoglycemic agent used to treat type 2 diabetes

52
Q

Contraindications for taking vancomycin

A
  • Intestinal disorders
  • Kidney disease
  • Hearing problems
  • If you are receiving Iv antibiotics
53
Q

When do you check the vancomycin through levels?

A

before the 4th dose

54
Q

What class of medication is captopril

A

ACE inhibitor

55
Q

what is captopril used to treat?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Congestive heart failure
  • also used to treat kidney disease (nephropathy) caused by diabetes in patients with type 1 diabetes and retinopathy (eye disease)
56
Q

What class of medication is prednisone?

A

Glucocorticoid - corticosteroid medication

57
Q

Prednisone is used to treat what conditions?

A
  • Allergic disorders
  • Skin conditions
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Arthritis
  • Lupus
  • Psoriasis
  • Breathing disorders
58
Q

You should avoid taking prednisone if you…

A
  • Have a fungal infection or are taking oral fungal medication
59
Q

Long-term steroid use can lead to..

A

Osteoporosis

60
Q

Side effects of prednisone

A
  • blurred vision, eye pain, or seeing halos around lights;
  • Edema
  • rapid weight gain,
  • feeling short of breath;
  • severe depression, feelings of extreme happiness or sadness,
  • changes in personality or behavior
  • seizure (convulsions);
  • bloody or tarry stools
    -coughing up blood;
  • pancreatitis (severe pain in your upper stomach spreading to your back, nausea and vomiting, fast heart rate);
  • Hypokalemia (confusion, uneven heart rate, extreme thirst, increased urination, leg discomfort, muscle weakness or limp feeling);
  • dangerously high blood pressure (severe headache, blurred vision, buzzing in your ears, anxiety, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, uneven heartbeats, seizure).
61
Q

What are the four seizure phases, in order

A
  • Prodormal
  • Aural
  • Ictal
  • Postictal
62
Q

Cranial nerve mnemonic

A

oh - olfactory
oh- optic
oh - oculomotor
To - Trochlear
Touch - Trigeminal
And- Abducens
Feel - Facial
Very - vestibulocochlear
Good - Glossopharyngeal (gag reflex)
Velvet - Vagus
Ah - Spinal accessory & Hypoglossal

63
Q

Height increases of a newborn to 12 months

A

increases by 1 inch per month in the first 6 months and has a 50% increase by 12 months

64
Q

Weight increases of a newborn to 12 months

A

Weight doubled by 5 to 6 months and tripled by 12 months

65
Q

The anterior fontanel should be closed by

A

18 months

66
Q

The posterior fontanel should be closed by

A

4 months

67
Q

Newborn vitals

A

RR - 30-60
HR - 120 - 160
Temp 36 - 37.2
BP - 80-90 - 40-50

68
Q

1 year old infant vitals

A

RR - 20 - 40
HR - 90 -130
Temp - 36 - 37.2
BP - 90/56

69
Q

Toodler vital signs

A

RR - 20 - 30
Temp 36.4 - 37
HR - 80 - 120
BP - 92 - 55

NCLEX (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions