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NCC Fire Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What causes fire？

A

Fire is the product of a chemical reaction between：
- Oxygen in the air
- The gases released from fuel
- When it is heated

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2
Q

How do we suppress fire？

A

By removing either oxygen, fuel or heat

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3
Q

What is the key aim of fire safety in NCC?

A

To protect the life safety of building occupants/ users

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

What are the primary requirements for fire safety in NCC?

A
  1. Assist building occupants to evacuate safely in the event of a fire
  2. Minimise damage to other property, ie. The spread of fire

Note: Stopping a fire can contribute to fire safety but it’s not a critical requirement of the NCC. Building can burn down as long as the 2 requirements are met.

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6
Q

What is FRL?

A

Fire-resistance level
The grading periods in minutes determined in accordance with specifications 1 and 2 for
A. Structural adequacy
B. Integrity
C. Insulation

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7
Q

What does 60/60/60 mean?

A

60 minutes minimum resistance for all criteria including resistance for structural adequacy, integrity and insulation

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8
Q

What is a fire-source feature?

A

Any one or more of the following:
- The far boundary of a road, river, lake or the like adjoining the allotment
- a side or rear boundary of the allotment
- an external wall of another building on the allotment which is not a class 10 building

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9
Q

What does “non-combustible” apply to?

A
  • A material not deemed combustible as determined by AS1530.1 - Combustibility Tests for Materials
  • Construction or part of a building - means constructed wholly of materials that are not deemed combustible
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10
Q

What are some examples of non-combustible building materials?

A

Concrete, masonry, steel, ceramics

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11
Q

What is combustible material under NCC?

A

Any building material that doesn’t meet the definition of non-combustible is effectively considered combustible

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12
Q

What are some examples of combustible materials?

A

Timber, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, textiles

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13
Q

What are some materials that may be used for elements required to be non-combustible in NCC volume 2?

A

H3D2 - Plasterboard, perforated gypsum lath with a normal paper finish, fibrous-plaster sheet, fibre-reinforced cement sheeting, pre-finished metal sheeting having a combustible surface finish not exceeding 1mm thick and where the spread-of -flame index of the product is not more than 0,
Sarking type materials that don’t exceed 1mm in thickness and have a Flammability Index not greater than 5, bonded laminated material (conditions apply)

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14
Q

What are fire hazard properties?

A
  • Average specific extinction area, critical radiant flux and flammability index (determined as defined in Schedule 1)
  • Smoke-Developed index，smoke development rate and spread-of-flame index, determined in accordance with specification 3
  • Smoke number and smoke growth rate index (SMORGArc) determined as per Schedule 7
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15
Q

Why are different fire-hazard properties used?

A

Important for different types of materials used in different locations. Check material specifications to ensure they meet requirements.

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16
Q

What are some Australian standards for testing fire hazard properties?

A

AS1530, AS ISO 9239.1.
AS 5637.1 directs to other tests
SPECIFICATION 3 Fire Hazard Properties, Governing requirements, describes requirements for testing assemblies to AS1530.3

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17
Q

When is FRL used?

A

Building elements that could be exposed to fire may be required to meet a minimum Fire-resistance level (FRL)

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18
Q

What is a fire-source feature?

A

It’s any listed feature from which fire could spread to the building or to which fire could spread from the building

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19
Q

What does a building material’s fire hazard properties indicate?

A

Indicate how that material will behave under specific fire test conditions

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20
Q

How do we achieve fire safety?

A
  • modern buildings typically contain a number of individual fire safety measures that in combination, form a fire safety system
  • one or a combo of methods used in a building to warn people of an emergency, provide safe evacuation, restrict fire spread and extinguish a fire
  • May include active and passive fire safety measures
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21
Q

What is an active fire safety measure?

A

Measures that are triggered when exposed to the products of fire such as heat, smoke, or toxic gas, or are manually operated

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22
Q

What is a passive fire safety measure?

A

Measures that do not respond or activate when subjected to fire or fire products

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23
Q

What are some examples of active fire safety measures?

A
  • Wired smoke alarm
  • Fire blanket
  • Fire fighting service
  • Break-glass fire alarm
  • automatic sprinkler
  • FHR
  • Fire extinguisher
24
Q

What are some examples of passive safety measures?

A
  • building separation
  • Non-combustible cladding eg. Brick and v sheet metal
  • fire rated building elements
  • fire doors
25
What are different ways of specifying fire safety characteristics of materials/ assemblies?
FRL, non-combustible, fire hazard properties
26
What is the concession for combustible materials?
Concession allows for use of some combustible materials wherever a non-combustible is required.
27
Where is fire safety covered in NCC volume 1?
Section A Governing requirements Section C Fire resistance Section D Access and egress Section E services and equipment Section G Ancillary provisions Section I Special use buildings Fire safety verification method: ABCB Standard
28
What are sections under Section A Governing requirements in NCC volume 1?
Part A1 Interpreting the NCC Part A5 Documentation of design and construction Part A6 Building classifications Part A7 United buildings - has implications for fire safety requirements Specification 1 - Fire-resistance of building elements Specification 2 - Description of elements referred to in Specification 1 Specification 3 - Fire Hazard Properties
29
What are the 9 performance requirements under Section C Fire resistance in NCC volume 1?
C1P1: Structural stability during a fire C1P2: Spread of fire C1P3: Spread of fire and smoke in health and residential care buildings C1P4: Safe conditions for evacuation C1P5: Behaviour of concrete external walls in a fire C1P6: Fire protection of service equipment C1P7: Fire protection of emergency equipment C1P8: Fire protection of openings and penetrations C1P9: Fire brigade access
30
What are the 3 parts containing key safety DTS Provisions under Section C Fire resistance?
C2 Fire resistance and stability C3 Compartmentation and separation C4 Protection of openings
31
What is the fire safety verification method: ABCB Standard?
- Referenced in Volume One of Section C, D and E - A separate ABCB standard - Can be used to verify a Performance solution that achieves the requirements of the relevant fire safety Performance Requirements - Covers multiple Performance Requirements for fire safety - Not mandatory and may not be suitable in some situations
32
What are the 3 parts DTS provisions under Section D Access and Egress?
D2 Provision for escape - ensuring safe evacuation D3 Construction of exits - Relate to things like fire stairs design, fire ramps and smoke lobbies D4 Access for people with a disability - Allow for the use of lifts for evacuation of people with a disability
33
What are the 4 performance requirements related to fire safety under Section D Access and Egress?
D1P4 Exits D1P5 Fire-isolated exits D1P6 Paths of travel D1P7 Evacuation lifts
34
What is the verification method related to fire safety under Section D Access and Egress of NCC volume one?
D1V4
35
Which specification out of Section D is relevant to fire safety in NCC volume one?
Specification 14 - non-required stairways, ramps and escalators contains the requirements to allow non-required stairways, ramps or escalators to connect any number of storeys in a Class 5 or 6 building. The requirements do not apply in an atrium or outside a building.
36
What does it mean when a DTS solution meets relevant provisions in Part C2 to C4?
Its deemed to meet all fire resistance Performance Requirements ie. To comply with C1P1 to C1P9
37
What building types or features may have additional DTS Provisions in Section G and I?
Atriums, farm buildings
38
What are the 4 verification methods under Section C Fire Resistance of NCC volume 1?
C1V1 Fire spread between buildings on adjoining allotments C1V2 Fire spread between buildings on the same allotment C1V3 Fire spread via external walls C1V4 Fire safety verification method (C1P1 to C1P2)
39
What are the 9 specifications under Section C: Fire Resistance?
S5 Fire-resisting construction S6 Structural tests for lightweight construction S7 Fire Hazard properties S8 Performance of external walls in fire S9 Cavity barriers for fire-protected timber S10 Fire-protected timber S11 Smoke-proof walls in health-care and residential care buildings S12 Fire doors, smoke doors, fire windows and shutters S13 Penetration of walls, floors, and ceilings by services
40
In NCC volume 1 Section D, exits must be provided from a building to allow occupants to evacuate safely, with their number, location and dimensions appropriate to?
- the travel distance - the number, mobility and other characteristics of occupants - the function or use of the building - the height of the building - whether the exit is from above or below ground level
41
What happened when the exit is below ground?
Building occupants are more likely to be evacuating in the path of smoke from the fire
42
In NCC volume 1 Section D1P5, fire-isolated b exits must be Fire-isolated to the degree necessary appropriate to?
- No. of storeys connected by the exits - fire safety system installed - function or use of the building - No. of storeys passed through by the exits - Fire brigade intervention
43
What affects evacuation time?
- the distance to the nearest exit - No. Of storeys connected by exits and passed through by the exits - effective fire safety system
44
In NCC volume 1, D1P6 Paths of travel to exits must have dimensions appropriate to? What is its limitation?
- The number, mobility and other characteristics of occupants - make exits larger enough for the capacity - the function or use of the building D1P6 doesn't apply to internal parts of a SOU in class 2 or 3 buildings or class 4 part of building as the users are more likely to know where and how to quickly reach exits
45
46
In D1P7 of NCC volume one, where a lift is intended to be used in addition to the required exit to assist occupants to evacuate a building safely, the type, number, location and fire-isolation must be appropriate to?
- The travel distance to the lift - the number, mobility and other characteristics of occupants - the function or use of the building - the number of storeys connected by the lift - the fire safety system installed - the waiting time travel time and capacity of the lift - the reliability and availability of the lift - the emergency procedures for the building
47
Under performance requirement Part E2 of NCC volume 1, what is needed in buildings with sleeping accommodation? What classes of building does this apply to?
Automatic warning systems - E2P1 only applies to a class 2, 3, 9a or 9c or class 4 part of building
48
Under NCC volume 1, E2P2 Safe evacuation routes do not apply to?
Open-deck carpark or open spectator stand
49
When is an emergency lift required for use by emergency services personnel?
Under E3P2 in NCC volume 1, when building are over 25m in height or a class 9a building with patient care areas. At least one of the passenger lifts is to be fitted as an emergency lift.
50
What is the Fire Safety Verification Method used for?
Verify that a building's proposed fire safety measures will meet the relevant fire safety Performance Requirements of NCC volume 1
51
Is the Fire Safety Verification Method mandatory?
No it's just one way of developing a fire safety solution to meet the relevant Performance Requirements
52
What classes of buildings can we use the Fire Safety Verification Method?
Class 2-9 building
53
Level of fire safety achieved using FSVM must be at least equivalent to what?
The relevant NCC volume one fire safety Deemed-to-Satisfy (DTS) Provisions
54
Who can use the Fire safety verification method?
A qualified and experienced fire safety engineer
55
Fire Safety verification method covers all applicable Performance Requirements. True or false
False, it may not cover all applicable Performance Requirements
56
Where is the Fire Safety Verification Method detailed?
Detailed in the ABCB standard outlining how to use the method and 12 design scenarios that must be considered

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