NBME Medicine Shelf Flashcards
What type of renal injury is caused by hypotension?
Acute Tubular Necrosis
When to perform endoscopy for Dyspepsia (epigastric symptoms)
If PPI fails to help after 8 weeks.
What treatment is most likely to slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy?
ACE inhibitors or ARB
What is the best screening test for diabetic nephropathy?
Microalbuminuria
dipstick for protein becomes positive when it is too late
Primary immune defense agains encapsulated bacteria.
IgG
Most common cause of community acquire pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Most common cause of nosocomial pneumonia
Escherichia coli (gram -) Pseudomonas (gram -) Staphylococcus aureus (gram +)
Increased T4, decreased TSH - diagnosis
Primary Hyperthyroidism
Test of choice for initial evaluation of a thyoid nodule
Fine-needle aspiration
Diagnosis: Fever, night sweats, weight loss, pruritus, cough + Cervical lymphadenopathy
Typical B symptoms + lymphadenopathy = Hodgkin lymphoma
Productive cough, most common cause
Typical community acquired pneumonia, most often cause by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Non-productive cough, most common cause
Atypical community acquired pneumonia, most often cause by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Most common cause of pneumonia in adults 18-40 years old
Mycoplasma
A smoker (more than 40 y o) with nonproductive cough, which presents with GI symptoms and hyponatremia.
Legionella
Lid Lag
Grave’s disease
Treatment of aortic dissection
1) IV beta blockers
2) IV nitroprusside
D-xylose test
Test for celiac disease
Irregular menses and hirsutism. Diagnosis and treatment.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
(1) Weight loss to decrease peripheral estrone conversion
(2) oral contraceptive therapy to prevent endometrial hyperplasia due to unopposed estrogen.
When to replace aortic valve in aortic stenosis.
Aortic valve replacement is indicated in ALL symptomatic patients with aortic stenosis.
Dx: Subchondral bone sclerosis OR subchondral cysts
Osteoarthritis
PPD test is positive if induration is more than what size?
More than 15mm
Pulsus paradoxus
and
Widened Pulse Pressure
Obstructive sleep apnea
Pulsus paradoxus
and
Narrowed Pulse Pressure
Cardiac tamponade
Aortic regurgitation effect on pulse pressure
Aortic regurgitation causes WIDENED pulse pressure
Aortic stenosis effect on pulse pressure
Aortic stenosis causes NARROWED pulse pressure
Hypertension and Hypokalemia
Hyperaldosteronism
primary hyperaldosteronism = Conn syndrome
