nazis Flashcards
What happened to Hitler in 1923
He was jailed for trying to overthrow the government
What did the Nazis promise and how many people were involved in the party in 1930
- prosperous and less humiliating future
- 300,000
What was the enabling act of 1933
Made Hitler make laws and control without anyone having a say
When was the enabling act passed
1933
What happened in 1933 regarding politics
All political parties banned regarding the Nazi party
What happened to Germany after WW1
They had to pay for lots of reperations but couldn’t afford it so they looked at other elections for help
What happened in July 1932
Nazis won 230 seats in elections for the Reichstag
What did Hitler demand to be but Hindenburg refused
Chancellor
What were the elections of 1933
- controlled news media and opposition meetings banned
- used SA (Nazi’s army) to terrorise opponents
- Hitler blamed communists for the Reichstag fire
- basic human rights suspended
What was the SA (depth)
- Ernst Rohm was the leader
- By 1934, SA had more members than the German army
What happens in August 1934
Hindenburg dies and Hitler becomes furher
What was the night of the long knives
- 29th-30th July
- Hitler sent members of the SS to remove all political opposition against Hitler
- it showed Hitler was above the law
What happened in April 1933
Laws were introduced to sack civil servants who didn’t support the Nazis accept their rules
What was the Gestapo
Secret police
Gestapo in depth
- ruled by Himmler
- protected by Germans but very harshly (imprisonment without trial)
- wardens employed to make sure Germans were loyal to Nazis (encouraged to report disloyalty)
Who was Goebbles
- created all propaganda for Hitler
- created ‘Hitler Myth’ which made Hitler a God
- All writers had to register the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda in 1933
By 1939 what did German People have in households
70% of households had a radio
By 1944 what % of newspapers were nazified
82
What were the opposition groups to Hitler
POLITICAL-LEFT
- communists and social democrats
- tried to organise strikes
- networks blocked by Gestapo and lots were executed
CHURCH
- Niemoller (Protestant pastor) used a sermon in 1937 to protect against persecution of Church - spent years in concentration camps
- Bonhoeffer tried to assassinate Hitler - caught + imprisoned + executed
- Clemens August Von Galen used sermons to protest against Nazi racial policies - support of German Catholics stopped him from executed
YOUTH GROUPS
- Edelweiss Pirates helped to escape concentration camp prisoners + leaflets - hanged in public or arrested
- Swing kids listened to American music and drunk alcohol - arrested or sent to concentration camps
What was the the League of German Maidens
- Spread the idea that it was an honour to produce large families
- taught cooking and sewing
- 14/18
What was rewards were given to women producing large families
- Volkswagen scheme
- strength through joy (provided workers with cheap holidays and leisure activities
- Beauty of labour (encouraged factory owners to improve conditions for workers)
What was expected of women
Dress plainly and were discouraged from wearing makeup and smoking and banned from being lawyers in 1936
What was the Hitler Youth
- founded 1926
- Boys aged 14+
- trained as loyal Nazi leaders
- compulsory in 1936
- ended up fighting along side adults
What were Nuremberg laws
Stopped Jews from being citizens
Jews forced to close/sell businesses
Banned non Jews and Jews marrying
By 1938 Jewish children banned from German schools
What was Kristalnacht
- Anti Jewish rioting through Germany - thousands shops/synagogues broken and sent to concentration camps
Who was in charge of the economy
Herman Goering
Who was Speer
Focused on economy completely
Increased weapon production
What was the White Rose Group
Used passive resistance (graffiti and leaflets)
Students and lecturers from Munich University
Later arrested by Gestapo
What was the July plot of 1944
Stauffenburg tried to kill Hitler by bomb and didn’t work
What was total war
Evreryone had to be put to use in war as well as resources
Rationing and civilian clothing no longer manufactured
Auxiliary hospitals established
Flooded w refugees
Left many homeless
What was forbidden against Germans
Being hostile
Listening to foreign propaganda
What were the Einsatzgruppen
Followed German army w orders to kill every Jew they found
Ghettos were for waiting to be deported (many died from disease or starvation)
What did the einsatzgruppen do
Round up and killed people leaving them in a ditch / gas chambers
Who and how helped the Germans
Government helped by persecution of Jews
Death camps
Himmler in charge
Hair cut off, tattooed w registration no
6 mil Jews killed
