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elizabethan Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did people not want Queen Elizabeth to rule?

A
  • Women couldn’t rule effectively (pressure to find a husband)
  • Who would become king after her death?
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2
Q

How did Queen Elizabeth use propaganda to maintain public support?

A
  • portraits (showing her off as a powerful woman)
  • plays (emphasised her wealth and power)
  • went on journeys around England ( allowed to public to praise and see her)
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3
Q

What is patronage?

A

When Queen Elizabeth gave rewards to her royal court in favour of supporting her

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4
Q

How was the main way to gain power and status?

A

By having a good relationship with Queen Elizabeth

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5
Q

Who was the royal court?

A

Large group of people who surrounded the queen at all times

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6
Q

Who did the royal court include?

A
  • personal servants
  • members of the privy council
  • members of the nobility
  • ambassadors
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7
Q

What were courtiers?

A

They had to compete with one another for Queen Elizabeth’s favour

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8
Q

Who were the Privy Council?

A
  • around 20 men
  • most trusted advisors
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9
Q

What were the two main rules of the privy council?

A
  • gave advice to the queen
  • managed the administration of government
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10
Q

Who was William Cecil?

A
  • Queen Elizabeth’s closest advisor in 1558
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11
Q

Did the Privy council have to make Queen Elizabeth follow the advice they give?

A

No, the Queen always decided if the advice was right or wrong

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12
Q

What was the role of the local government?

A

Supervise the running of each county and enforce laws

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13
Q

What was the role of the parliament?

A
  • grant Elizabeth’s taxes
  • help Queen Elizabeth to gauge mood of the country and levels of support
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14
Q

To pass new laws, parliament had to?

A

Approve

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15
Q

How was parliaments powers were limited?

A
  • couldn’t debate topics that aren’t allowed (permission from the queen)
  • issuing a royal proclamation (allows to make new laws without parliament’s consent)
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16
Q

How did the privy council help Queen Elizabeth to manage parliament?

A
  • privy council sat in parliament and acted as royal spokesmen
  • the speaker was closely monitored by the privy council (help Queen to control parliament)
  • Queen Elizabeth made speeches in parliament so the members of parliament obey her)
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17
Q

What did England turn into?

A

A Protestant country

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18
Q

What was the middle way?

A

Tried to satisfy everyone

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19
Q

What were the puritans?

A
  • strongly anti-catholic
  • puritan mp’s resisted Queen Elizabeth’s religious settlements
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20
Q

Who was Archbishop Whitgift?

A
  • made an attack on puritan clergy
  • made a campaign that made puritans feel like there was no hope of reforming
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21
Q

When did Elizabeth make Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, a member of the privy council?

A

1593

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22
Q

What did the two groups in Elizabeth’s court argue on?

A
  • royal patronage and influence
  • strategy in the war in Spain
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23
Q

When did Essex launch a rebellion

A

1601

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24
Q

What was Essex’s punishment from the Queen after fighting the rebels?

A
  • house arrest
  • banished from court
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25
Q

When was the rebellion of the earl of Essex?

A

8th February 1601

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26
Q

What was the rebellion of earl of Essex?

A

attempt to seize the Queen and force her to replace her closest advisors

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27
Q

What was a result of the rebellion of earl of Essex failing?

A
  • supporters abandoned him
  • executed
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28
Q

When was the Throckmorton plot?

A

1583

29
Q

Who was included in the Throckmorton plot?

A
  • Francis Throckmorton
  • Pope
  • Philip II of Spain
30
Q

What was the aim of the Throckmorton plot?

A

To assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary

31
Q

Why did the Throckmorton plot fail?

A
  • plot uncovered by Walsingham who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months
32
Q

Who was Francis Walsingham?

A

Elizabeth’s principal secretary and spy master

33
Q

When did the Babington plot occur?

A

1586

34
Q

What was the aim of the Babington plot?

A
  • assassinate Elizabeth and give Mary the throne
35
Q

Who was Anthony Babington?

A

Was responsible for sending information to Mary and passing back her replies

36
Q

How did Walsingham uncover the Babington plot?

A

Using a double agent, he intercepted all letters and had them decoded

37
Q

When did Babington get excecuted?

A

August 1586

38
Q

What plot led to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots?

A

Babington plot

39
Q

What did England and Spain go to war for?

A

the Netherlands

40
Q

When was Queen Mary found guilty of treason?

A

October 1586

41
Q

When was Mary get excecuted

A

8th February 1587

42
Q

After Mary’s execution, what happened?

A

Increased catholic opposition abroad and made a foreign invasion

43
Q

What were church papists?

A

They attended Protestant church services but still practiced Catholicism in their home

44
Q

What was the aim of Jesuit and seminary priests?

A

Help Catholics keep their faith and encourage them to oppose the religious settlements

45
Q

When were two anti catholic acts made?

A

1581

46
Q

When were two anti catholic acts introduced

A

1581

47
Q

What did the two anti catholic acts include

A
  • Fines for those who attended Catholic mass
  • treason to convert to Catholicism or persuade others
48
Q

In 1588, what happens in terms of Catholicism

A

Recusants couldn’t buy or sell land and could have their property taken away if didn’t pay fines

49
Q

Why did England and Spain go to war?

A

Over the netherlands

50
Q

When did Elizabeth sign the treaty of nonsuch

A

1585

51
Q

What did the treaty of non such promise?

A

Provided military assistance

52
Q

When did the armada begin

A

1588

53
Q

How many soldiers were involved in the Spanish Armada

A

18000

54
Q

List some things that didn’t go to plan for Spain in the Spanish Armada

A
  • England sent fire ships to the Spanish ships and the sailors headed for open sea but they couldn’t return to their defensive points
    — Five Spanish ships sunk, and the rest of the fleet was forced too sail away from the French coast into the North sea
55
Q

After deciding to call off the attack on England, what did the Spanish encounter near Scotland and Ireland?

A

Powerful Atlantic storms

56
Q

Who did French catholics form an alliance with in the Spanish Armada?

A

Spain

57
Q

When did the war with Spain continue until

A

1604

58
Q

Who became richer in during Elizabeth’s reign?

A

the gentry

59
Q

what did the gentry do to improve living standards in the 1570’s?

A

built or improved their homes
- showed off wealth with glass windows

60
Q

who were below the gentry in the social hierarchy

A

the middling people
- had to work for survival but were rich enough to pay taxes

61
Q

who were the wealthiest middling people

A

yeomen and merchants

62
Q

how did merchants become rich

A
  • through growth of towns and the development of international trade
  • used money to buy land and become part of the gentry
63
Q

who were the lower down middling people

A

shop-keepers and small farmers
- risk of slipping into poverty

64
Q

what were the helpless poor

A
  • couldn’t support themselves i.e elderly and disabled
65
Q

what were the deserving poor

A

people who wanted to work but couldn’t find a job in their area

66
Q

what were the underserving poor

A
  • beggars, criminals and people who refused to work as well as migrant workers
67
Q

what are ways poverty increased

A
  • religion
  • population growth
  • poor law acts
  • agriculture
68
Q
A

history (4 decks)

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