Nazi rise to power 7) Political Scheming

Question 1

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)

Answer 1

a. Bruning is chancellor and he has new government style (5)
b. Oligarchy (3)
c. The Nazis prove to be a growing force (3)
d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
e. Papen chancellor and Schleicher is minister of defence (8)
f. July 1932 election (8)
g. November election (3)
h. Schleicher conspires and Papen seeks revenge (4)
i. Hitler Chancellor (5)

Question 2

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   a. Bruning is chancellor and he has new government style (5)

Answer 2

i. 29 march 1930
ii. Appointed by Hindenburg
iii. Hence dependant on presidential not parliamentary power
iv. Does not have major support in Reichstag
v. Opposed to cooperation with growing Nazi Party

Question 3

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   b. Oligarchy (3)

Answer 3

i. (a small group of politicians with the power to control government)
ii. 1930 onwards
iii. Von Papen and Von Schleicher (3)

Question 4

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   b. Oligarchy (3)
   iii. Von Papen and Von Schleicher (3)

Answer 4

1. Wish to restore authoritarian government
2. Think that they can use Hitler to do so
3. Undermine any forces (such as KPD) who would oppose the Nazis

Question 5

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   c. The Nazis prove to be a growing force (3)

Answer 5

i. Hitler wants to hold out for an offer of complete power but compromises???
ii. By 1932 NSDAP is biggest party
iii. In 1932 presidential election

Question 6

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   d. The removing of major obstacles (2)

Answer 6

i. Concerns about Nazis (5)
ii. Bruning (2)

Question 7

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
   i. Concerns about Nazis (5)

Answer 7

1. Growing street violence and evidence of a planned Nazi coup
2. There’s a chance Hitler might win the presidential election
3. Emergency decree passed by Brunings government
4. April 1932
5. Bans SA and SS

Question 8

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
   ii. Bruning (2)

Answer 8

1. Why (3)
2. How (4)

Question 9

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
   ii. Bruning (2)
8. Why (3)

Answer 9

a. Schleicher wants to use Nazis to create a military dictatorship with populist backing
b. Schleicher met Hitler on 8 May 1932
c. Hitler agrees to accept a role in new presidential cabinet in return for the removal of Bruning and the lifting of the SA/SS ban.

Question 10

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
   ii. Bruning (2)
8. How (4)

Answer 10

a. Schleicher begins a whispering campaign to undermine his government
b. There is a vote of no confidence in Bruning
c. Hindenburg forces Bruning to resign. 29 may 1932 (he actually does it next day though)
d. Also dissolves the Reichstag

Question 11

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   e. Papen chancellor and Schleicher is minister of defence (8)

Answer 11

i. Papen is appointed Chancellor
ii. 1 jun 1932
iii. Schleicher is minister of defence
iv. This is because Schleicher convinces Hindenburg to appoint Von Papen
v. In order to form a non-party gov of “national concentration”
vi. Became known as “the Cabinet of Barons”
vii. Papen lifted the ban on the SA and new elections were set for the end of July
viii. These led to street violence which saw 100 dead and 7000 casualties

Question 12

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   f. July 1932 election (8)

Answer 12

i. 31 July 1932
ii. Nazis optimistic about improving numbers of votes since previous election
iii. More people voted in this election than in any previous Weimar election
iv. Nazis won 230 seats and were now biggest party
v. Street violence continued as the SA became increasingly restless
vi. Chancellor Von Papen despite not having majority did not give up his post.
vii. In August 1932 Hitler rejected an offer by the oligarchy to become Vice-Chancellor demanding to be Chancellor
viii. Hindenburg refused because he didn’t like Hitler (2)

Question 13

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   f. July 1932 election (8)
   viii. Hindenburg refused because he didn’t like Hitler (2)

Answer 13

1. He knew that jews had fought and died for Germany in the war
2. Hitler got a German citizenship in February 1932 so that he could run for president.

Question 14

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   g. November election (3)

Answer 14

i. Why (3)
ii. Election itself (5)
iii. Consequences (4)

Question 15

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   g. November election (3)
   i. Why (3)

Answer 15

1. It was not possible to command a majority
2. The communists and the social democrats combined outnumbered the Nazis but could not cooperate
3. Papen loses a vote of no confidence which forces another election (trust me)

Question 16

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   g. November election (3)
   ii. Election itself (5)

Answer 16

1. Election held 6 November 1932
2. Nazis still have most seats
3. The Nazis lost 34 seats
4. The KPD gained 11 seats
5. Hindenburg declares that he will only give Hitler Chancellorship if he has majority seats in Reichstag

Question 17

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   g. November election (3)
   iii. Consequences (4)

Answer 17

1. The Nazi’s current policy of legality has them in a dead end
2. Papen is without the support of the Reichstag
3. In frustration Papen considers: (3)
4. Schleicher fears that this plan would lead to a civil war and so turns against Papen

Question 18

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   g. November election (3)
   iii. Consequences (4)
8. In frustration Papen considers: (3)

Answer 18

a. Dissolution of the Reichstag
b. Declaration of Marshall law (the temporary substitution of military authority for civilian rule. When martial law is in effect, the military commander of an area or country has unlimited authority to make and enforce laws.)
c. Establishment of a presidential dictatorship

Question 19

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   h. Schleicher conspires and Papen seeks revenge (4)

Answer 19

i. What’s Schleicher up to? (4)
ii. Papen? (6)
iii. Having failed in his attempt to bring stability
iv. Hindenburg finally agrees to withdraw support of Schleicher on 28 January 1933. (so he’s presumably no longer chancellor)

Question 20

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   h. Schleicher conspires and Papen seeks revenge (4)
   i. What’s Schleicher up to? (4)

Answer 20

1. Schleicher informs Hindenburg in the army’s lack of confidence in Papen. In December 1932.
2. Hindenburg dismisses Papen from his position
3. Von Schleicher becomes chancellor on the 3 December 1932
4. Schleicher hopes to split the Nazis and offer the more socialist Strasser (the guy who used to be in charge of party propaganda) the vice-Chancellorship

Question 21

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   h. Schleicher conspires and Papen seeks revenge (4)
   ii. Papen? (6)

Answer 21

1. Papen is determined to return to office and apparently he plots his revenge against Schleicher
2. He looks to Hitler for support and forms a Nazi-Nationalist coalition Government.
3. By this point Hitler has changed tactics and is willing to compromise.
4. Papen convinces Hindenburg that he can control Hitler (who could command majority) within a coalition government.
5. A secret meeting between Von Papen and Hitler happens
6. Agreement that Hitler will head the coalition as Chancellor with Papen as Vice-Chancellor

Question 22

7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
   i. Hitler Chancellor (5)

Answer 22

i. 30 Jan 1933
ii. Hindenburg sanctions the Nazi-Nationalist coalition
iii. Hitler is appointed Chancellor
iv. Papen is vice chancellor
v. 2 Nazis join cabinet (Goering and Frick)