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Nazi rise to power Flashcards

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1
Q

Nazi Rise To Power (7)

A
  1. Early Nazi party (4)
  2. Munich Putsch (5)
  3. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3)
  4. The impact of the depression (3)
  5. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis
  6. Hitlers electoral appeal (6)
  7. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
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2
Q
  1. Early Nazi party (4)
A

a. Gen (8)
b. 25 point programme (4)
c. SA (5)
d. Early growth (7)

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3
Q
  1. Early Nazi party (4)
    a. Gen (8)
A

i. During the first 5 years following war lot’s of parties appear including DAP
ii. Founded by Anton Drexler
iii. Right wing Nationalistic Party
iv. Stresses “volkisch”- a pure German people
v. Some socialist ideas- classless society, restriction of company profits.
vi. Only 50 members by end of 1919
vii. In September 1919 Hitler joins
viii. Hitler is made responsible for recruitment and propaganda

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4
Q
  1. Early Nazi party (4)
    b. 25 point programme (4)
A

i. 24th Feb 1920
ii. Hitler and Drexler write political manifesto.
iii. The actual points (12 given)
iv. Things that don’t really seem 100% related but were under this section anyway (6)

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5
Q
  1. Early Nazi party (4)
    b. 25 point programme (4)
    iii. The actual points (12 given)
A
  1. Union of all Germans to form a greater Germany
  2. Scrapping of the ToV
  3. Citizenship only for those with German blood (no jews)
  4. Only German citizens can vote
  5. Foreign nationals are deported if we cant feed everyone
  6. All non-German who entered after 1914 have to leave
  7. Gov nationalise all businesses that had been formed into corporations
  8. Gov has to profit-share in major corporations
  9. End to speculation. Any land needed for communal purposes to be seized. No compensation.
  10. Newspaper editors and contributors are to be German. Non-German newspapers need to have Gov permission
  11. Religious freedom for all- provided ideas do not offend or threaten German people
  12. The creation of a strong central government to put programme into effect
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6
Q
  1. Early Nazi party (4)
    b. 25 point programme (4)
    iv. Things that don’t really seem 100% related but were under this section anyway (6)
A
  1. Soon after announced “national socialist” is added to party’s name
  2. Party grows rapidly in 1920 largely thanks to Hitler
  3. Increased membership means party was able to buy and publish newspaper “People’s Observer” (25 December 1920)
  4. Hitler becomes it’s leader in 29th July 1921
  5. Hitler gains title Fuhrer- absolute power and authority within party and answerable to no-one.
  6. Fuhrerprinzip- the thing described above.
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7
Q
  1. Early Nazi party (4)
    c. SA (5)
A

i. The political speaking generated much violence so protection squads were used
ii. These men develop into the SA in 1921
iii. SA- stormtroopers
iv. Often known as brownshirts
v. Led by Ernst Rohm

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8
Q
  1. Early Nazi party (4)
    d. Early growth (7)
A

i. During 1921-1923 SA used to disrupt the meetings of social democratic and communist parties.
ii. Hitler insured that there was maximum publicity for party
iii. 1,100 members in June 1920
iv. 55,000 in November 1923
v. Hitler’s speeches: (4)
vi. The nazi party was very much based in Bavaria
vii. Hitler still had national aims

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9
Q
  1. Early Nazi party (4)
    d. Early growth (7)
    v. Hitler’s speeches: (4)
A
  1. had anti -Weimar criticisms
  2. as well as antisemitic references
  3. Talked about the Purity of the German Aryans race
  4. Jews were becoming scapegoats for all of Germany’s problems
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10
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
A

a. Gen plan stuff (5)
b. Reasons for the Putsch (6)
c. The events of the Munich Putsch (3)
d. Hitlers Trial (7)
e. Imprisonment and sentence (5)

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11
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    a. Gen plan stuff (5)
A

i. During invasion of the Ruhr and hyperinflation
ii. He thought that Weimar was now so disgraced that it could be easily toppled
iii. First take control of Bavaria
iv. Then march on Berlin
v. Then remove weak Weimar politicians and form own nazi government

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12
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    b. Reasons for the Putsch (6)
A

i. Hitler impressed by Mussolini and how he did it but didn’t realise that he had more support
ii. The government of Bavaria had never fully supported Weimar
iii. Important People (3)
iv. With their support then he thought an attack on Berlin was feasible
v. The SA would be used as armed support
vi. Hitler believed that the people would support him (2)

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13
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    b. Reasons for the Putsch (6)
    iii. Important People (3)
A
  1. Headed by Von Kahr,
  2. army Chief von Lossow,
  3. Police Chief von Seisser
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14
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    b. Reasons for the Putsch (6)
    vi. Hitler believed that the people would support him (2)
A
  1. Many Germans blamed Weimar for hyperinflation
  2. Many Germans hated that Weimar called off the passive resistance
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15
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    c. The events of the Munich Putsch (3)
A

i. The actual Hall stuff (6)
ii. The march (5)
iii. Later but related (2)

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16
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    c. The events of the Munich Putsch (3)
    i. The actual Hall stuff (6)
A
  1. 8 Nov 1923
  2. Hitler, General Ludendorff, and 600 Nazis
  3. Seized the Burgerbraukeller
  4. Where those three held a meeting
  5. Hitler put the 3 leaders in a room and got them to promise support for the planned takeover when they were held at gunpoint
  6. The 3 were allowed to leave the building I think accidently.
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17
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    c. The events of the Munich Putsch (3)
    ii. The march (5)
A
  1. Seisser and Lossow changed their minds and organised troops and police to resist Hitlers planned march
  2. Hitler decided to continue with his plan to march through munich
  3. Nazis only had about 2000 rifles
  4. Police force was well armed
  5. 16 Nazis and 4 policemen killed
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18
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    c. The events of the Munich Putsch (3)
    iii. Later but related (2)
A
  1. After fight Hitler disappeared but was arrested 2 days later
  2. Same day as arrested the Nazi party was banned
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19
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    d. Hitler’s Trial (7)
A

i. Both Hitler and Ludendorff
ii. Tried for treason
iii. Trial began 26th Feb 1924
iv. Lasted 1 month
v. The trial gave Hitler nationwide publicity and allowed him to talk (5)
vi. 1st April 1924- found guilty of treason
vii. Ludendorff was not charged.

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20
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    d. Hitler’s Trial (7)
    v. The trial gave Hitler nationwide publicity and allowed him to talk (5)
A
  1. Introduced him to the german public via the national press
  2. Hitler denied the charge of treason
  3. He insisted that he was simply attempting to restore germany’s greatness and resisting the weak Weimar government.
  4. He used the trial to put forward his political views
  5. The sympathetic judges allowed him to make long speeches
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21
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    e. Imprisonment and sentence (5)
A

i. Sentenced to 5 years in prison- minimum sentence
ii. Hitler served only 9 months of his sentence
iii. In Landsburg Prison
iv. Whilst there he completes autobiography “mein campf” (“my struggle”)
v. He had an easy time in prison- (3)

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22
Q
  1. Munich Putsch (5)
    e. Imprisonment and sentence (5)
    v. He had an easy time in prison- (3)
A
  1. as many visitors as he wanted,
  2. large amounts of mail,
  3. access to whatever books he wanted.
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23
Q
  1. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3)
A

a. Gen (7)
b. The Bamburg conference (4)
c. Hitler’s leadership (9)

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24
Q
  1. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3)
    a. Gen (7)
A

i. While Hitler is in prison (3)
ii. After being released from prizon Hitler managed to convince to president of Bavaria to lift the ban on the Nazi Party
iii. In 27 Feb 1925 the ban on the Nazi party lifted.
iv. Hitler began to retake control of it.
v. He changed the party’s structure.
vi. Only his closest associates helped to run the party.
vii. These people and local party leaders (Gauleiter (s)) pushed the whole Fuhrerprinzip idea.

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25
Q
  1. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3)
    a. Gen (7)
    i. While Hitler is in prison (3)
A
  1. While the party had been banned it secretly survived
  2. The replacement leader Alfred Rosenberg, had few leadership qualities
  3. The party split into rival groups
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26
Q
  1. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3)
    b. The Bamburg conference (4)
A

i. 14th Feb 1926
ii. Possible rivals such were won over (2)
iii. SA and the like (4)
iv. He also set up the Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth) – 4th July 1926

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27
Q
  1. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3)
    b. The Bamburg conference (4)
    ii. Possible rivals such were won over (2)
A
  1. Strasser was appointed Party propaganda leader
  2. Goebbels was made Gauleiter in Berlin
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28
Q
  1. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3)
    b. The Bamburg conference (4)
    iii. SA and the like (4)
A
  1. Hitler forced Rohm to resign because he was concerned that the SA would continue to be a violent group
  2. He could not guarantee that Rohm would follow his orders
  3. The new leader was Ernst von Salomon
  4. Hitler then created his own bodyguard the SS – 4th April 1925 (why is this before the conference you ask? I don’t know! Why are textbooks like this?)
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29
Q
  1. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3)
    c. Hitler’s leadership (9)
A

i. By 1926 Hitler is undisputable leader
ii. Message was to send out endless propaganda to win over other voters
iii. The 25 point programme accepted as the cornerstone of Nazi Party Policy
iv. Point 17 amended- privately owned land would only be confiscated if owned by a jew
v. Hitlers leadership and the reorganisation of the party paid dividends
vi. Specifically who is the Nazi party trying to get to vote for them? (8)
vii. He replaces Strasser as Party Propaganda leader with Goebbels- April 1930
viii. It was the Wall Street Crash in 1929 that created an economic blizzard
ix. As unemployment began to rise, so did the fortunes of the nazi party

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30
Q
  1. Nazi party 1924-1929 (3)
    c. Hitler’s leadership (9)
    vi. Specifically who is the Nazi party trying to get to vote for them? (8)
A
  1. Before 1928 Hitler had tried to win the support of urban voters but now he decided to target the rural voters too.
  2. This was at the time that farmers were experiencing economic issues and found Nazism attractive
  3. 27000 members in 1925
  4. More than 100,000 members by the end of 1928
  5. It was a nationwide party that attracted all classes
  6. 32 seats in 1924
  7. 12 seats in 1928
  8. In late 1920s Hitler begins to target peasants as key electoral group
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31
Q
  1. The impact of the depression (3)
A

a. Gen (3)
b. The impact on the Weimar government (3)
c. Specifically the German communist party (5)

32
Q
  1. The impact of the depression (3)
    a. Gen (3)
A

i. Before set up (4)
ii. What specifically makes it/ how is it bad: (6)
iii. Why is this politically relevant (4)

33
Q
  1. The impact of the depression (3)
    a. Gen (3)
    i. Before set up (4)
A
  1. By 1929 much of Germany had experienced 5 years of prosperity
  2. The US loans had helped remove inflation and there was much investment in industry.
  3. Because prosperity depended on the USA the wall street crash really negatively impacted it.
  4. Stresemann also died which is bad because many people thought that he was the only person who could steer Germany out through troubled times again.
34
Q
  1. The impact of the depression (3)
    a. Gen (3)
    ii. What specifically makes it/ how is it bad: (6)
A
  1. Bankers and financiers in the USA now withdrew the loans made under the Dawes Plan
  2. International trade began to contract- German exports fell rapidly
  3. Unemployment rose as employers sacked workers and factories closed.
  4. German farmers had already been experiencing problems and the continued fall in prices made it worse.
  5. As some unable to pay rent the number of homeless also increased.
  6. By 1932 there were more than 6 million Germans unemployed. (4/10 workers without jobs)
35
Q
  1. The impact of the depression (3)
    a. Gen (3)
    iii. Why is this politically relevant (4)
A
  1. The government financed unemployment relief but as it’s revenue began to shrink, the threat of benefit cuts loomed large.
  2. If a party could offer clear and simple solutions it would win votes (the extreme parties including communists)
  3. The workers wanted jobs
  4. The middleclass feared a communist revolution
36
Q
  1. The impact of the depression (3)
    b. The impact on the Weimar government (3)
A

i. There was little agreement about how to tackle unemployment and poverty
ii. Bruning moves? (7)
iii. The general situation (6)

37
Q
  1. The impact of the depression (3)
    b. The impact on the Weimar government (3)
    ii. Bruning moves? (7)
A
  1. In 29 March 1930 Chancellor Muller was replaced by Heinrich Bruning of the Centre Party
  2. Bruning did not have a majority so he had to rely on Hindenburg using article 48.
  3. From this point on the Reischtag is used less frequently (many historians think end of democracy)
  4. Because Bruning no have majority he calls an election on 14 September 1930 to try and get one.
  5. In this election Nazis get 107 seats and become second biggest party in Reichstag after social democrats.
  6. Bruning still cant rely on Reichstag so has to do so on Hindenburg.
  7. In 1930 there were 5 presidential decrees but in 1932 there were 66 presidential decrees.
38
Q
  1. The impact of the depression (3)
    b. The impact on the Weimar government (3)
    iii. The general situation (6)
A
  1. Brunings reduction of government spending only served to lose him the unemployed and led to him being nicknamed “the hunger chancellor”.
  2. For the Germans this was the 3rd food shortage in 16 years.
  3. In 1931 there was a suspension of the reparation payments.
  4. Bruning was unable to find support and so resigned on 30 May 1932
  5. During the next 8 months there was political and economic turmoil which made the extreme parties more violent
  6. Some of Brunings changes made things a little better but Hitler still ended up as chancellor on 30 January 1933
39
Q
  1. The impact of the depression (3)
    c. Specifically the German communist party (5)
A

i. One of the reasons of the popularity of the nazi party was the fear of a communist takeover
ii. The german communist party (KPD) slowly recovered after the failure of the sparticist uprising
iii. From 1924 they contested in Reischtag elections with some success
iv. During Weimar government KPD is largest communist party in Europe
v. In 1932 elections KPD got 13.2% of vote and Nazi’s got 30.1%

40
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
A

a. The use of propaganda (3)
b. The presidential election 3 March 1932 (5)
c. Financial support for the Nazis (4)
d. The SA and the communists (7)

41
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    a. The use of propaganda (3)
A

i. During the years 1929-1933 the nazis increased their support through the use of propaganda
ii. Being used (5)
iii. Being said (4)

42
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    a. The use of propaganda (3)
    ii. Being used (5)
A
  1. Specific Ways: (3)
  2. Goebbels ensured message was simple and frequently repeated
  3. By early 1930s they have 120 regular newspapers being frequently read
  4. Goebbels was able to promote the image and ideals of the Nazi party in ALL kinds of elections.
  5. Nazi message everywhere especially the radio
43
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    a. The use of propaganda (3)
    ii. Being used (5)
  2. Specific Ways: (3)
A

a. mass rallies,
b. posters,
c. banners everywhere so they seem more prominent

44
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    a. The use of propaganda (3)
    iii. Being said (4)
A
  1. The depression and unemployment hit all classes so when Bruning tried to call his election, the Nazi’s tried to appeal to everyone.
  2. Nazi message: the Weimar government has caused the economic crises and coalition governments have no real solutions to offer. (but we can)
  3. They played on the resentment of the Treaty of Versailles
  4. He uses jews as a scapegoat saying that (5)
45
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    a. The use of propaganda (3)
    iii. Being said (4)
  2. He uses jews as a scapegoat saying that (5)
A

a. Somehow both the evils of communism and capitalism
b. Helped to cause unemployment
c. Had conspired in Germany’s defeat
d. Had been involved in the Bolshevik Revolution
e. Were preparing a revolution involving all private property and wealth being seized by the state.

46
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    b. The presidential election 3 March 1932 (5)
A

i. Hitler used modern technology (4)
ii. Mass rallies (2)
iii. Hindenburg did not campaign
iv. Hindenburg did not win over 50% and so there had to be a second round
v. Hitler did still get loads of votes both times but he himself was disappointed in the results.

47
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    b. The presidential election 3 March 1932 (5)
    i. Hitler used modern technology (4)
A
  1. a plane to be able to speak in 5 cities in the same day
  2. Films
  3. Radio
  4. Records
48
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    b. The presidential election 3 March 1932 (5)
    ii. Mass rallies (2)
A
  1. Spreads message
  2. Makes sure that Hitler is being recognised as a national political figure
49
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    c. Financial support for the Nazis (4)
A

i. Nazis could not have done it without financial backing
ii. In July 1932, 600,000 copies of economic programme printed and distributed in Reichstag election
iii. The nazi party received funds from leading industrialists (3)
iv. By 1932 the Nazi’s have close links with the National party (3)

50
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    c. Financial support for the Nazis (4)
    iii. The nazi party received funds from leading industrialists (3)
A
  1. Such as Thyssen, Krupp, and Bosch
  2. They were terrified of the communist threat and knew that Hitler did too.
  3. They were worried of the growing power of trade unions and knew that Hitler can reduce the influence
51
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    c. Financial support for the Nazis (4)
    iv. By 1932 the Nazi’s have close links with the National party (3)
A
  1. The leader was a newspaper tycoon.
  2. Permitted the Nazis to publish articles which attacked Chancellor Bruning.
  3. Goebbels was able to continue nationwide campaign against Weimar and to keep the Nazis in people’s minds
52
Q
  1. Reasons for the growing support for the Nazis (4)
    d. The SA and the communists (7)
A

i. Hitler reappointed Rohm as leader of the SA in Jan 1931
ii. Within a year membership had gone from 100,000 to 170,000
iii. Communists had own army- “red front fighters”
iv. Often fights between the red front fighters and the SA.
v. Which included fatalities.
vi. Hitler sought to show that he could stamp out communist violence.
vii. SA also attacked any overt opponents.

53
Q
  1. Hitlers electoral appeal (6)
A

a. Very charismatic
b. After Putsch he has to present himself and his party as law abiding and democratic
c. He also has to offer something to all groups in German society
d. Hitler was (4)
e. He creates a philosophy that all could comprehend
f. His vision of the future revolved around making Germany the strongest nation in the world.

54
Q
  1. Hitlers electoral appeal (6)
    d. Hitler was (4)
A

i. War hero
ii. Saviour
iii. Ordinary man
iv. Someone who has given his entire existence to Germany

55
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
A

a. Bruning is chancellor and he has new government style (5)
b. Oligarchy (3)
c. The Nazis prove to be a growing force (3)
d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
e. Papen chancellor and Schleicher is minister of defence (8)
f. July 1932 election (8)
g. November election (3)
h. Schleicher conspires and Papen seeks revenge (4)
i. Hitler Chancellor (5)

56
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    a. Bruning is chancellor and he has new government style (5)
A

i. 29 march 1930
ii. Appointed by Hindenburg
iii. Hence dependant on presidential not parliamentary power
iv. Does not have major support in Reichstag
v. Opposed to cooperation with growing Nazi Party

57
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    b. Oligarchy (3)
A

i. (a small group of politicians with the power to control government)
ii. 1930 onwards
iii. Von Papen and Von Schleicher (3)

58
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    b. Oligarchy (3)
    iii. Von Papen and Von Schleicher (3)
A
  1. Wish to restore authoritarian government
  2. Think that they can use Hitler to do so
  3. Undermine any forces (such as KPD) who would oppose the Nazis
59
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    c. The Nazis prove to be a growing force (3)
A

i. Hitler wants to hold out for an offer of complete power but compromises???
ii. By 1932 NSDAP is biggest party
iii. In 1932 presidential election

60
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
A

i. Concerns about Nazis (5)
ii. Bruning (2)

61
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
    i. Concerns about Nazis (5)
A
  1. Growing street violence and evidence of a planned Nazi coup
  2. There’s a chance Hitler might win the presidential election
  3. Emergency decree passed by Brunings government
  4. April 1932
  5. Bans SA and SS
62
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
    ii. Bruning (2)
A
  1. Why (3)
  2. How (4)
63
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
    ii. Bruning (2)
  2. Why (3)
A

a. Schleicher wants to use Nazis to create a military dictatorship with populist backing
b. Schleicher met Hitler on 8 May 1932
c. Hitler agrees to accept a role in new presidential cabinet in return for the removal of Bruning and the lifting of the SA/SS ban.

64
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    d. The removing of major obstacles (2)
    ii. Bruning (2)
  2. How (4)
A

a. Schleicher begins a whispering campaign to undermine his government
b. There is a vote of no confidence in Bruning
c. Hindenburg forces Bruning to resign. 29 may 1932 (he actually does it next day though)
d. Also dissolves the Reichstag

65
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    e. Papen chancellor and Schleicher is minister of defence (8)
A

i. Papen is appointed Chancellor
ii. 1 jun 1932
iii. Schleicher is minister of defence
iv. This is because Schleicher convinces Hindenburg to appoint Von Papen
v. In order to form a non-party gov of “national concentration”
vi. Became known as “the Cabinet of Barons”
vii. Papen lifted the ban on the SA and new elections were set for the end of July
viii. These led to street violence which saw 100 dead and 7000 casualties

66
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    f. July 1932 election (8)
A

i. 31 July 1932
ii. Nazis optimistic about improving numbers of votes since previous election
iii. More people voted in this election than in any previous Weimar election
iv. Nazis won 230 seats and were now biggest party
v. Street violence continued as the SA became increasingly restless
vi. Chancellor Von Papen despite not having majority did not give up his post.
vii. In August 1932 Hitler rejected an offer by the oligarchy to become Vice-Chancellor demanding to be Chancellor
viii. Hindenburg refused because he didn’t like Hitler (2)

67
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    f. July 1932 election (8)
    viii. Hindenburg refused because he didn’t like Hitler (2)
A
  1. He knew that jews had fought and died for Germany in the war
  2. Hitler got a German citizenship in February 1932 so that he could run for president.
68
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    g. November election (3)
A

i. Why (3)
ii. Election itself (5)
iii. Consequences (4)

69
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    g. November election (3)
    i. Why (3)
A
  1. It was not possible to command a majority
  2. The communists and the social democrats combined outnumbered the Nazis but could not cooperate
  3. Papen loses a vote of no confidence which forces another election (trust me)
70
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    g. November election (3)
    ii. Election itself (5)
A
  1. Election held 6 November 1932
  2. Nazis still have most seats
  3. The Nazis lost 34 seats
  4. The KPD gained 11 seats
  5. Hindenburg declares that he will only give Hitler Chancellorship if he has majority seats in Reichstag
71
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    g. November election (3)
    iii. Consequences (4)
A
  1. The Nazi’s current policy of legality has them in a dead end
  2. Papen is without the support of the Reichstag
  3. In frustration Papen considers: (3)
  4. Schleicher fears that this plan would lead to a civil war and so turns against Papen
72
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    g. November election (3)
    iii. Consequences (4)
  2. In frustration Papen considers: (3)
A

a. Dissolution of the Reichstag
b. Declaration of Marshall law (the temporary substitution of military authority for civilian rule. When martial law is in effect, the military commander of an area or country has unlimited authority to make and enforce laws.)
c. Establishment of a presidential dictatorship

73
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    h. Schleicher conspires and Papen seeks revenge (4)
A

i. What’s Schleicher up to? (4)
ii. Papen? (6)
iii. Having failed in his attempt to bring stability
iv. Hindenburg finally agrees to withdraw support of Schleicher on 28 January 1933. (so he’s presumably no longer chancellor)

74
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    h. Schleicher conspires and Papen seeks revenge (4)
    i. What’s Schleicher up to? (4)
A
  1. Schleicher informs Hindenburg in the army’s lack of confidence in Papen. In December 1932.
  2. Hindenburg dismisses Papen from his position
  3. Von Schleicher becomes chancellor on the 3 December 1932
  4. Schleicher hopes to split the Nazis and offer the more socialist Strasser (the guy who used to be in charge of party propaganda) the vice-Chancellorship
75
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    h. Schleicher conspires and Papen seeks revenge (4)
    ii. Papen? (6)
A
  1. Papen is determined to return to office and apparently he plots his revenge against Schleicher
  2. He looks to Hitler for support and forms a Nazi-Nationalist coalition Government.
  3. By this point Hitler has changed tactics and is willing to compromise.
  4. Papen convinces Hindenburg that he can control Hitler (who could command majority) within a coalition government.
  5. A secret meeting between Von Papen and Hitler happens
  6. Agreement that Hitler will head the coalition as Chancellor with Papen as Vice-Chancellor
76
Q
  1. Political Scheming 1932-33 (9)
    i. Hitler Chancellor (5)
A

i. 30 Jan 1933
ii. Hindenburg sanctions the Nazi-Nationalist coalition
iii. Hitler is appointed Chancellor
iv. Papen is vice chancellor
v. 2 Nazis join cabinet (Goering and Frick)

GCSE Germany (24 decks)

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