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nazi germnay Flashcards

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1
Q

what did french leader Georges Clemenceau want

A

revenge, punish, weaken and money

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2
Q

what did american leader Woodrow Wilson want

A

safety, disarmament, leauge of nations, end war

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3
Q

what did british leader David Lloyd George want

A

make germany pay, justice, no revenge, not harsh

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4
Q

what id germany have to accept after the war

A

accept blame, Clause 231

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5
Q

what did B stand fro in brat

A

Blame - germany had to accept blame for the cause of the war, clause 231

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6
Q

what did the R stand for in brat

A

Reparations - Germany had to pay £6,600 million in reparations for the damage done

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7
Q

what id the A stand fro in Brat

A

Army - Germany were forbidden any submarines or air force, only 6 battleships, army of 100,000 men, not allowed to place troops in the Rhineland

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8
Q

what did T stand for in Brat

A

Territory - Alsace Lorraine given to France, couldn’t join Leauge of Nations, couldn’t unite with Austria, the Saar was put under control of league of nations

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9
Q

Cause 1 of German Revolution

A

WW1 caused it because germany’s allies had combined, Britain, France, Russia and Usa, germany made a spring offensive but the allies counter attacked and drove Germans back, 2million german troops died since 1914, morale was low

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10
Q

cause 2 of German Revolution

A

hardship caused by ww1, allies navy’s were blockading the German coast, preventing imports of basic supplies, food shortages led to great suffering, military failure caused by hopelessness, public hardship was made worse by influenza which spread in 1918

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11
Q

cause 3 of german revolution

A

Russian revolution 1917 helped cause the German Revolution as russian’s had overthrown their emperor and replaced him by a government of people, by Nov 1918 many Germans were demanding similar changes, wanted to replace undemocratic rule of the kaiser by soviets and soldiers

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12
Q

29th of october during German Revolution

A

German sailors at the naval base of Wilhelmshaven refused to follow orders to set sail, the mutiny spread to the base at Kiel

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13
Q

4th November during German revolution

A

40,000 sailors joined dockers, set up workers and sailors councils and took over the dockyard, sparked similar revolts across Germany in towns like Hamburg, Bremen, in Hanover, soldiers refused to stop rioters, government breaking down.

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14
Q

7th of November during German Revolution

A

Bavaria thousands of workers led by Kurt Einser marched on Munich, King Ludwing II feared for his life, left the country, next day Einser set up workers and peasants council and declared Bavaria as a peoples state,

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15
Q

9th November during German Revolution

A

Kaiser Wilhelm agrred to abdicate, next day fled to Holland, Germanys biggest political party the Social Democrat party formed a new government, an spd leader Freidrich Ebert became the new chancellor

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16
Q

Major effect of German Revolution

A

The Armistice,when Germany had to withdraw from all land won in the war, pull its troops back 48 kilometres inside its border with france, surrender its mutanies, and put its navy under allied control

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17
Q

another effect of German Revolution

A

new government, the armistice terms weren;t popular ad economic suffering contnued, by mid 1919 in the town of Weimar new rules for governing the country were agreed and the new german state became known as Weimar Republic

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18
Q

strengths of president in new Weimar consititution

A

strong president was necessary to keep control over government, in an emergency they can quickly protect their people

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19
Q

strengths of the Reichstag

A

proportional representation made sure that political parties were allocated seats in parliament in proportion to the number of votes, made it fair

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20
Q

strengths of the german people

A

all germans have equal rights including the right to vote, each state had its own tradition, it was right to keep control of their own affairs

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21
Q

weaknesses of the President

A

no different to having a king because they can make laws without telling anyone, 7 years is a long time if they are a bad leader, could turn himself into a dictator by using the emergency powers of Article 48

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22
Q

what is Article 48

A

in emergencys president could make laws without going to the Reichstag

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23
Q

weaknesses of The Reichstag

A

proportional representation encouarged small parties like extremist parties such as Nazis, no party was large enough to secure a majority in the Reichstag, several parties often joined together to form a coalition government but they were often weak and short lived meaning there could never be a strong government

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24
Q

weaknesses of the German people

A

they could be hostile towards the national government and even try to over throw it

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25
Q

evidence of the golden years

A

Dawes Plan 1924 gave germany a loan for 800 million marks, introduced the rentenmark reduced inflation, Young Plan 1929 germany pay pay £2000 million marks for 59 years, cooperated with french to get them out the Ruhr, Kellogg Briand pact 1928 only use army for war and self defence, arranged a great coalition to resist critisicm from small extremists so over came proportional representation, 1926 leauge of nations, better relatioship with france

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26
Q

evidence against golden years

A

relied too much on loans, 4 million signed petition to stop Young Plan payments too high, didnt like the Dawes Plan, unemployment still high,

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27
Q

effects of wall street crash

A

unemployment jan 1933 6 mil in poverty and homeless, hostility towards Weimar Goverment reduced faith in democracy, people supoorted extremists, government use article 48 like dictator, had to pay back loans to USA, raised taxes to pay loans

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28
Q

factors fro nazi reprganisation

A

bamberg conference, the SA, nazie organisations, agricultural areas, national Nazi Party, headquaters, party rallies, mein kampf, propaganada

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29
Q

what is Bamberg conference for organisation of Nazis

A

Hitler survived threats to his leadership from Gregor Strasser and Joseph Goebbels, wanted the party to became more socialist for working class, Hitler opposed this and called Bamberg Confernece in Bavaria in 1926, spoke for 5 hours and made Goebbels one of his biggest supporters and promoted him to Guielter of Berlin, Hitler never trusted Strasser again

30
Q

What is The Sa for reorganisation

A

this was strengthened with more men encouraged to join, image of organisation was changed, placing emphasis on discipline and order rather than violence and intimidation, 1925 set up SS which were his personal bodyguards

31
Q

agricultural areas for organisation

A

from 1928 nazis focused on gaining support in agricultural areas, due to the depression which decreased food prices, hitler gained the support of wealthy business men promising if he came to power he would destry communism

32
Q

party rallies for organisation

A

1926 a nazi party rally was held at Weimar , this began the pattern of military style parades

33
Q

mein kapf for organistation

A

published in 1925 becuase of the publicity of hitlers trail and became best seller, racism - triumph of the aryan race by armed force jews were inferior, Lebensraum - expand into Poland and Russia to get more living space, totalitarianism - throwing off democracy and putting power into the hands of the state

34
Q

propaganda for organisation

A

Goebbels organised propaganada, he also used nazi newspapers and meetings to put across their ideals, discovered anti jews message had most appeal among working class and increased anti-semitic propaganda, ran clubs to train their members in public speaking skills

35
Q

party organisation 1924-28

A

ban on NSDAP was lifted on 16th feb 1925 and was able to relauch nazi party 27th feb, knew he had to take power without violence

36
Q

how did violence and SA help Hitler become chancellor

A

SA inserted fear through violence into those who supported other groups such as communists, they supllied power and discipline in times of chaos

37
Q

how did propaganda help Hitler became Chancellor

A

took to the skies in Deutschtandflug Hitler adressed major rallies in 20 cities in 6 days, appeared dynamic as man of the moment, leader of modern party with modern ideas, profile was raised hugely and helped him to become Chancellor

38
Q

hoe did Hitlers personality help him to become Chancellor

A

he was years ahead as a communicator as he used films, radios and records to bring his message to millions, he spoke brilliantly at rallies whipping crowds into hysteria, people believed him and saw him as a strong leader,

39
Q

How did money help Hitker become Chancellor

A

business men and money helped Hitler as industrialists were strobgly opposed to communism like hitler and the current government were doing nothing, they worried about the growing strength of the trade unions and wanted a government to control them not support them

40
Q

how did election victories help Hitler to become Chancellor

A

nazi methods seemed to be working, nazi election campaigninig was effective, 1930 they won 107 seats and in 1932 they won 230, this fell to 196 in nov but remaised largest single party in Reichstag

41
Q

effects of the depression for Hitler becoming Chancellor

A

increased support for the extremist parties and lost support for democracy and the use of artilce 48, this caused socio econimic problems and unemployment in 1933 was at 6.1 million

42
Q

Reichstag Fire 1933

A

Van Der Lubbe was caught with matches and fire lighting material, hitler used it as an excuse to arrest many of his communist opponents, many claimed the Nazis had burned it down, Hitler persuaded Hindenburg to pass emergecy decree which allowed the police to search houses, ban meetings, shut down newspapers if they thought it was in the interest of national security

43
Q

General election 5th march 1933

A

Hitler held general election appealing to all german people to give him clear mandate, only 44% of people voted Nazi which didnt give him majority, so Hitker srrested 81 communist deputies, Goering became nazi speaker of the Reichstag

44
Q

Enabling Act 1933 23rd march

A

Reichstag voted to give Hitler power to make his own laws, he expelled all communist MPs from Reichstag and negoitated agreement with centre party, on 23rd march enablinf act was passed with only socialists voting against it, Hitler could now issue laws without consulting Reichstag, nov 1933 nazis took all seats and germany was a one party state

45
Q

local government taken over by Nazis 26th april 1933

A

replaced anti nazi teachers, set up gestapo , jews communists prostitutes gypsies protestants alcholoics were arrested and sent to concentration camps

46
Q

trade unions banned 2nd may 1933

A

were closed amd their money was confiscated and leaders put in prison, Hitler put German Labour Front in place of them which reduced workers pay and their right to strike, oct 1933 100,000 lawyers were forced to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler, anyone who resisted faced imprisonment

47
Q

political parties banned 14th july 1933

A

law against the formation of new parties declared nazi party the only political party in germany, all other parties banned and leaders put in prisonnight

48
Q

night of the long knives 30th june 1934

A

The SA helped Hitler come to power and by 1934 there were over a million of them but when he came to power and there was no opposition left they were and embarrasment not an adavantage and Rohm the leader of them wanted to start a socialist revolution so 30th june 1934 codeword hummingbird hitler order SS to kill more than 400 SA men

49
Q

Fuhrer 19th August 1934

A

when hindenburg died Hitler took over the office of president and leader of the army , the soldiers had to swear and oath of loyalty to die for Hitler personally, Hitler called himself Fuhrer

50
Q

consequences of Night of The Long Knives

A

removed Rohm as oppostition, ensured continued support of army leaders, army swore oath of allegance to Hitler

51
Q

features of SS

A

founded in 1925, 500,000 members by 1933, sleek black uniforms, trained and equipped along the lines of a regular army, leader was Himmler, gained control of all german police forces

52
Q

Features of SA

A

brown uniformas, founded in 1921, protected party meetings marched in rallies, from 1931 led by Rohm, downfall-dozens of SA leaders and Rohm were executed

53
Q

expectations of boys

A

boys took science, maths and military drillings, concentrated on physical and miliatray fitness and skills to prep for armed forces, hitler youth activites were based on competition, teamwork, frequwenct drill practice, hiking

54
Q

expectations for girls

A

girls took needlework, music, language and homecrafts, designed to prep for marriage and motherhood with empahsis on domestic duties

55
Q

nazi aims for boys and girls

A

be obediant, idiolise furer, physically fit, sacrifice self, be strong fighter and bear children, Hitler Youth Law 1936 made it virtually impossible to avoid it, made it compulsary in 1939

56
Q

what was eugenics

A

new subject that taught about selective breeding more especially of the master race

57
Q

how were teachers controlled by nazi party

A

issued regulations concerning curriculem, teachers expected to join nazi party, established schools outside of state system

58
Q

expectations of men

A

tall and blonde, NSDAP member, athletic,

59
Q

Expectations of women

A

blonde, blue eyes, broad hips, athletic, full skirt, flat shoes, increase births,

60
Q

expectations of bith men and women

A

equally memebrs of voltsgensenschaft, selfless, healthy, of pure blood

61
Q

what is the nuremburg law on citizenship and race in 1935

A

under this law jews could no longer be citizens of germnay turning them into subjects

62
Q

what is the law of protection of german blood and honour 1935

A

it made it illegal for jews to marry aaryans

63
Q

kristallnacht

A

a pogrom a coordinated attack, 191 synagogues on fire, 76 synagogues demolished, 815 shops destroyed, 20,000 arrested, 91 jews killed

64
Q

1933 control of jews

A

boycot of jewish shops controlled by SA, jews sacked from jobs, SA turned customers away,

65
Q

1934 control of jews

A

local councils banned jews from public places such as parks and swimming baths

66
Q

1935 control of jews

A

nuremburg law meant that jews lost the right to be german citizens and were forbidden to join the army

67
Q

1936 control of jews

A

jews banned from other professions such as vets, dentists and accountntas

68
Q

1937 control of jews

A

more and more jewish businesses were confiscated

69
Q

1938 contro of jews

A

kristallnacht, SA started 3 day campaign to destroy jewish shops homes and synagogues, jewish children were excluded from schools

70
Q

1939 control of Jews

A

jews were no longer allowed to run shops or businesses

71
Q

cause of occupation of the ruhr

A

germans couldnt pay first reparations payment to french in 1922 and french refused to give them extra time so marched into ruhr in 1923

72
Q

effects of invasion of the ruhr

A

passive resistance, went on strike, refused to work fot foreign army

history (3 decks)

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