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History GCSE > Nazi Germany-general knowleg > Flashcards

Nazi Germany-general knowleg Flashcards

1
Q

Autocracy

A

When one person dictates law and rules with authority. They may get advice, but this can be ignored

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2
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II

A

The autocratic leader who was forced to stand down by his own people in November 1918

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3
Q

The Weimar Republic

A

This was the name given to the democratic government that replaced Kaiser

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4
Q

The treaty of the Versailles

A

The peace agreement at the end of WW1. It weakened Germany in a massive way

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5
Q

Proportional Representation

A

The voting system that was issued in the Weimar Republic. It made a strong and decisive government possible

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6
Q

‘Left-wing’ extremists

A

Communists- extreme communists wanted to see the W.R. fall

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7
Q

‘Right-wing’ extremists

A

Nationalist politicians- a nationalist is a hyper-proud of their nation. Extreme nationalists felt the W.R. was failing Germany and needed to be replaced with autocracy

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8
Q

The DAP and the NAZIS

A

The DAP was a Party formed of working people who were proud of their country. It was originally led by Auton Drexler and then by Adolf Hitler who changed its name to the National Socialist Party

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9
Q

The years of recovery

A

In the middle of the 1920s the threats of extremists to the W.R. declined. During the period 1924-29 it looked like democracy might work in Germany

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10
Q

The Depression

A

A depression is when a country dramatically runs out of money. This happened in Germany between 1929 and 1932, and support for extremists dramatically increased

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11
Q

Dictatorship

A

The NAZI Party took power, through democracy, in 1933. Once Adolf Hitler was head of the W.R. he set about closing democracy and creating autocracy

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12
Q

Totalitarianism

A

Once Adolf Hitler had autocratic control, he created totalitarianism in Germany. This is autocracy taken to the point where the freedoms of people in a country are extremely limited

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13
Q

What did lots of people in Germany want by the end of 1918?

A

They wanted a revolution, similar to the Communist revolution in Russia

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14
Q

Give two examples of revolutionary feeling in Germany.

A
  1. Kiel Mutiny-soldiers were refusing to fight the British Navy
  2. 40,000 dockworkers take control of of themselves, government control is lost in Bavaria and Hamberg
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15
Q

When did the Kaiser leave Germany?

A

9th November 1918- he is replaced by a democratic government led by Ebert

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16
Q

What did the Weimar Republic do first?

A

The Armistice- they end WW1 on the 11th November 1918

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17
Q

What were three impacts of the First World War?

A
  1. New government- people were unsure about it
  2. Financial problems- $37 billion has been spent
  3. Social unrest- Freikorps- unemployed soldiers who were nationalist
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18
Q

Name three problems with the new Weimar Republic.

A
  1. The voting system meant that every Political Party had a share in running the country. This led to lots of uneasy teaming up of Parties that didn’t have much in common
  2. There were 29 political parties
  3. Article 48 meant President could take control over the country if he thought there was an emergency, what could easily lead to new dictatorship
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19
Q

Why did Germans find the Treaty of Versailles humiliating?

A
  1. Germans were given no say in the Treaty. It was dictated peace- Diktat. Germany had to accept all blame for WW1
  2. They felt weak and insecure, because of the loss of armed forces and land
  3. The amount they had to pay back was going to increase poverty and difficulty, as the war has already cost Germany billions of pounds.
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20
Q

Why was the Treaty of Versailles a challenge to the Weimar government?

A
  1. People thought the government and Ebert were weak for signing it. They believed a strong government would have stood up to the Treaty.
  2. People began to view the armistice differently; all of sudden it seemed like a bad idea. The amount of people missing Kaiser increased and the W. Government got the nickname ‘the November Criminals
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21
Q

What were the big challenges faced by the Weimar Government between 1919 and 1923?

A 
A country ruined by war
Revolutionary mood in the country
Weak Constitution 
Treaty of Versailles
Left and Right Wings uprising
Political murders
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22
Q

What happened in the 1919 Spartacist Uprising?

A

50,000 Communists rose up
They attempted to capture the government newspaper
SDP had to use right-wing Freikorps to put them down

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23
Q

What happened in the Kapp Putsch?

A

Right-wing groups hated the SDP
Attempts to disband the Freikorps was hated
Wolfgang Kapp rose up but the people supported SDP not him

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24
Q

What political murders were there in the 1920s?

A

376 murder between 1919 and 1922

Matthias Erzberg was killed in 1921. He saw a ‘November Criminal’

25
Q

Why was the Ruhr invaded by France in 1923?

A

Germany could not keep up with the money it owed France because of the reparations

26
Q

What were consequences of the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

Workers refused to cooperate with the French
There was a protest and the amount that Germany was producing fell dramatically
The government had to start printing more money to pay wages

27
Q

What did hyperinflation do to Germany?

A 
There was a rush to the shops, as prices were increasing by the hour
Savings became worthless; every class of people was affected
28
Q

Hyperinflation

A

When out of control inflation happens very quickly, over weeks and months (inflation is when money loses value, so you need more of it to pay for something)

29
Q

In what year did the DAP publish the 25 Point Plan?

A

1920

30
Q

Who was the leader of the DAP who Adolf Hitler worked with at first?

A

Anton Drexler

31
Q

What did the DAP Party eventually become?

A

The Nazi Party

32
Q

What were two things that the 25 Point for Plan for Germany outlined should happen?

A
  1. Get rid of the Treaty of Versailles.

2. All Jewish people should be expelled from Germany.

33
Q

Why was there an increase in hatred for Jewish people in Germany after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.?

A

Step 1: The Treaty of Versailles weakened Germany and damaged peoples pride in their country.

Step 2: This made people think differently about the revolution that had got rid of the Kaiser in 1918, maybe the protests should not have happened.

Step 3: Back in 1918, lots of the leaders of the protests against the Kaiser had been Jewish so they became an easy target for blame

34
Q

Why was the Ruhr invaded by France in 1923?

A

Germany could not keep up with the money it owed France through reparations.

35
Q

What were the consequences of the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

Workers refused to cooperate with the French.

There was protest and the amount that Germany was producing fell dramatically. The government had to start printing money to pay wages.

36
Q

What caused the Munich Putsch on the long terms?

A

Hitler admired Mussolini and what he was doing in Italy. He was inspired by what Mussolini has achieved by overthrowing the government in Rome and taking over power. Hitler believed he could do the same in Germany, beginning with a very nationalistic part of the country, Bavaria.
Anger building with the ToV and feeling the W.R. was not fitting the purpose only increased the revolutionary feelings.

37
Q

What caused the Munich Putsch on the short terms?

A

All the problems with Hyperinflation created by the Invasion of the Ruhr increased the feeling that the Weimar Government was not very effective.
Gustav Stresemann became Chancellor at the end of 1923 and ordered workers to stop striking against the French in the Ruhr in order to help bring the economy under control. This angered Nationalists like Hitler and General Ludendorff Ludendorff joined the Nazi Party in protest and then Hitler felt he had enough support to go ahead with his plan for the Munich Putsch.

38
Q

What happened to support for extremists during the middle 1920s?

A

Support for extreme parties went down and support for Democratic parties went up.
A key example: There was an 8% voting swing in favour of centre democratic parties between 1924 and 1928.

39
Q

When did Hitler write Mein Kampf?

A

During the years he was in prison after the failed Munich Putsch.

40
Q

Name three ways the Nazis reorganised themselves at the Bamberg Conference in 1926.

A

The Nazis were split into local regional Parties with each region getting their own leader.
The Nazis set up women and youth organisations.
The Nazi Party arranged parts of their organisation that would look into big areas like finance, education and industry.

41
Q

What were examples of big businessmen the Nazis received donations from in the years 1924 to 1929?

A

Thyssen, Krupp and Bosch.

42
Q

How did the Depression damage Germany?

A

Wages dropped 15%
⅓ of factories closed down and produced 40% less
6 million unemployed by 1932

43
Q

Why did the Depression lead to a rise in support for extremes like the Nazi Party?

A

The Nazis benefitted from the fact that the Weimar government seemed completely ineffective in dealing with the depression. People turned to the Nazis as a “hope”.

44
Q

How did a fear of Communism after 1929 help the Nazi Party’s popularity?

A

By 1932, there were 100 Communists in Parliament.

The Middle Class voted for the Nazis because they were scared of a Communist takeover of the country.

45
Q

How was the Weimar Constitution a contribution to the support of the Nazis?

A

Political Parties kept falling out because of the voting system forcing them to work together.
People gradually lost faith in democracy.

46
Q

How did Joseph Goebbels use propaganda to grow support for the Nazis?

A

Goebbells used modern technology like radio to spread Nazis messages.
Posters used aggressive and inspiring slogans and Hitler was flown all over the country to give speeches.

47
Q

May 1932

A

Bruning resigns and von Papen becomes Chancellor.

48
Q

July 1932

A

The Nazis win 230 seats in the Reichstag

49
Q

Nov 1932

A

von Papen quits as Chancellor

50
Q

December 1932

A

Schleicher is sacked

51
Q

January 1933

A

Hitler becomes Chancellor

52
Q

How did rising support for the Communists help the Nazi Party?

A

The Middle Classes in Germany gradually began to support the Nazis as they were seen as the most likely alternative to a Communist takeover.

53
Q

When was the Reichstag Fire?

A

February 1933. It was blamed on a Communist, Marinus Van der Lubbe.

54
Q

What happened to the Communists because of the fire?

A

Due to Article 48 (emergency) they were banned from campaigning. People began to vote for the Nazis in even bigger numbers due to increased fear of Communism.

55
Q

What did the Enabling Act do?

A

It gave Hitler the power to pass laws in the Reichstag by himself for four years.

56
Q

What things did Hitler do to gradually end Democracy?

A

Banned Trade Unions
Banned Political Parties
Set up a Show Court (People’s Court)

57
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

June 1934

58
Q

What was the importance of the Night of the Long Knives in helping Hitler set up a Totalitarian State?

A

It got rid of a rival within the Nazi Party (Ernst Rohm).
It allowed Hitler to remove the SA and make the SS more important.
It led to the whole German army taking an oath of loyalty to Hitler, which meant he had total control over all the military power of the country.

History GCSE (2 decks)

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