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History GCSE > King Richard I and King John > Flashcards

King Richard I and King John Flashcards

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1
Q

What years was Richard I king between?

A

1189-1199

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2
Q

What years was King John king between?

A

1199-1216

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3
Q

What was the name of the Empire that Richard and John controlled?

A

The Angevin Empire

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4
Q

Why was Richard out of the country for the majority of his reign?

A

Crusades wars

Defending Normandy

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5
Q

What happened to Richard on his way home from the Crusade?

A

He was kidnapped by the Duke of Austria

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6
Q

What was a Crusade?

A

A religious war/journey against Muslims in the Holy Land (Jerusalem)

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7
Q

Who did King John face threats from over his family land?

A

The King of France

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8
Q

Why did King John fall out with the Pope?

A

Because of the decision who is going to be the new Archbishop of Canterbury

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9
Q

Why did the barons rebel against King John?

A

He treated them badly and raised theis taxes a lot

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10
Q

When did King John sign the Magna Carta?

A

1215

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11
Q

What was the name of the system that organised Medieval society into sections?

A

The Feudal System

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12
Q

Who was at the top of the Feudal System and had to provide peace, protection and land for the people beneath them?

A

The King

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13
Q

Who was second and third in the feudal system?

A

Barons (second)

Knights (third)

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14
Q

Who is at the bottom of the feudal system?

A

Peasants

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15
Q

What was a Medieval Britain king expected to do?

A

To be a strong ruler
To enforce justice
To keep the country safe from attacks

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16
Q

What was the principle of primogeniture and was this followed in the 12th century?

A

The eldest son inherits the title of King after his father

No, people became kings for other reasons as well

17
Q

What happened at the moment a new king was anointed with Holy Oils?

A

He took the title of rex and was given divine authority

18
Q

What were two features of the King’s duties?

A

Chief decision maker

Showing fairness and mercy in his decisions

19
Q

What were two features of how King’s authority was ritualised and displayed?

A

The anointing with holy oils

Being crowned in front of the most important nobles and members of clergy

20
Q

What was itinerant kingship?

A

The practice of the king and his court travelling from place to place around the country

21
Q

How did itinerant kingship help with encouraging loyalty from the subjects?

A

It ensured that everyone knew who was the king

22
Q

Who was Richard l?

A

The King of England between 1189-1199

He is most well know for going on the Third Crusade

23
Q

Who was King John?

A

The King of England between 1199-1216

He is most well known for signing the Magna Carta in 1216

24
Q

Who was King Henry ll?

A

King of England, died in 1189

He was the father of King Richard and King John

25
Q

Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?

A

Eleanor was a very powerful lady who owned a lot of land in France

She was the mother of King Richard and King John

26
Q

Who was King Philip ll of France?

A

The King of France between 1180-1223

27
Q

Who was William Marshal?

A

A very important Baron

He supported Richard in becoming King

28
Q

Who was Pope Gregory Vlll?

A

He was responsible for calling the Third Crusade in 1187

29
Q

Who was Stephen Langton?

A

He was elected the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1205 by Pope Innocent lll, against John’s wishes.

30
Q

Who was Pope Innocent lll?

A

He was responsible for putting England in an Interdict and excommunication of King John

31
Q

What does hierarchy mean?

A

A way of organising society by authority levels, the most important at the top

32
Q

What were the four main ranks in the system?

A

King
Barons
Knights
Peasants

33
Q

What was the King’s role in the system?

A

He granted land and tax concessions

Provided peace, law, protection in return for loyalty and service

34
Q

What was barons role in the system?

A

They granted land and privileges to knights

Assisting and advising the government

35
Q

What were the peasants role in the system?

A

They worked on the land that was owned by their lords

36
Q

What were the three types of peasants in the feudal system?

A
  1. Freeman-didn’t have to follow orders, paid rent for their land, were allowed to go where they wanted
  2. Villein-property of the Lord, The Lord was allowed to do anything to him apart from killing
  3. Cottar-a peasant who held a cottage with a piece of land
37
Q

What was the Royal Demesne?

A

The land that was owned and kept by the King

38
Q

What were the two features of knight service?

A

1.To serve in the King’s army for at least two months at no expense
2.

History GCSE (2 decks)

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