Nazi Germany, 1933-45: Opposition, Control & Consent Flashcards
1
Q
Who were the Edelweiss Pirates?
A
- Youth opposition, beat up members of the Hitler Youth and posted anti-Nazi propaganda
- 12 members of the group hung in Cologne
2
Q
Who were the Swing Youth?
A
- Youth group, met in bars and clubs and played American Jazz music which was banned
- These clubs were shut down and members of the group were arrested
3
Q
Who were the White Rose Group?
A
- Started by university students Hans & Sophie Scholl
- Handed out leaflets on Nazi atrocities
- Hans and Sophie were arrested for this and hung
4
Q
What religious opposition was there in Nazi Germany?
A
- Catholics spoke out against the Nazis, Pope Pius XI wrote a letter criticizing Hitler
- Protestants formed Confessional Church with 6000 members to oppose the Nazi Reich Church
- 400 Catholic priests were sent to Dachau, 800 protestant clergymen sent to concentration camps
5
Q
What was the July Bomb Plot?
A
- 1944, known as operation Valkyrie led by army officer Stauffenburg
- Attempted to kill Hitler with a bomb in a suitcase, however he was shielded by the table leg and survived
- Stauffenburg and other plotters shot for attempt
6
Q
How did the SPD/KPD and workers oppose the Nazi government?
A
- Communists gave out pamphlets and carried out minor sabotages, infiltrated by the Gestapo
- At the end of the regime in 1944-45, workers carried out strikes and sabotage to end the war
7
Q
Who were the Red Orchestra Group?
A
- Left wing communist group, started by military and government
- Members spied for Moscow between 1938-42
- All members were caught and imprisoned or killed
8
Q
What is Gleichschaltung and how did this help the Nazis?
A
- Process of consolidating power, meaning co-ordination
- Law on 7th April 1933, removed Jews and political opponents from the civil service, school and courts
- DAF for labour established, control of local govt.
9
Q
How was the press controlled in Nazi Germany?
A
- Ministry of Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda set up in 1933 led by Joseph Goebbels
- Created positive image of Hitler, Nuremberg rallies
- Censorship, editors accountable to the ministry, radio control by the state
10
Q
What was the Night of the Long Knives?
A
- July 1934, Hitler ordered the murder of opponents to his power in the Nazi party
- Ernst Rohm, leader of the SA killed
11
Q
Who were the Gestapo?
A
- Nazi secret police, could tap phone calls
- Neighbours would often denounce one another
- Smaller than expected, ruled more through the fear that you could be being watched
12
Q
How did the Nazis use concentration camps as a means of control?
A
- Camps set up across Germany, first one being Dachau
- Used to imprison anyone that opposed the regime, such as other political party members
13
Q
What was the People’s Court?
A
- Set up in Berlin 1934, tried traitors of the Third Reich
- Tried by members of the Nazi party, not public, could not appeal decision
- Around 3400 tried 1934-39
14
Q
What incentives were there for workers that could show support?
A
- KDF, Strength through Joy, gave holidays, theatres visits and sports
- 1938, 10 million took holidays
- Beauty of Work, improved facilities and carried out exercise programmes
