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History > Nazi Germany 1890-1945 > Flashcards

Nazi Germany 1890-1945 Flashcards

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1
Q

What year did Wilhelm become Kaiser?

A

1888

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2
Q

What did kaiser wilhem want and why?

A

wanted big navy because he was queen Victoria’s grandson

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3
Q

what happened in industrialisation?1913

A

by 1913, Germany was producing more iron and steel and as much coal as britain

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4
Q

What were the Naval laws and when?

A

Were to put out to compete with Britain’s navy.
1898,1900,1906,1912

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5
Q

What did working class citizens form and why

A

Trade unions
because poor conditions, wages low, food expensive.
Strikes
THREAT TO KAISER

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6
Q

What party did workers typically vote for
1 in 3 Germans

A

SPD(Social democratic party)
Socialism
THREAT TO KAISER

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7
Q

How did people rebel against the war

A

protests-1915,5000 women gather
1916,10000 workers gather
THREAT to kaiser

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8
Q

what was the famine in 1918 called

A

Turnip winter

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9
Q

What struggles were Germans facing during end of ww1

A

short of food
deadly flu

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10
Q

How many people died and how much did the war cost

A

7 million casualties
$1100 billion

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11
Q

who took kaisers place

A

Friedrich Ebert

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12
Q

who took kaisers place

A

Friedrich Ebert- wanted democracy

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13
Q

when and what was the Spartacist revolution

A

Jan 1919
Communists(Spartacists) attempted to take over Germany but was stopped by Freikorps
OPPOSITION TO WEIMAR!

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14
Q

When did Kapp putsch happen?

A

1920
Freikorps turned against Ebert(President) and supported Wolfgang Kapp
-It failed
OPPOSTION TO WEIMAR!

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15
Q

How many people were assassinated from Weimar between 1919 and 1923

A

over 200
because people disliked the new government
OPPOSITION TO WEIMAR!

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16
Q

What were the punishments of the Treaty of Versailles

A
  • Blame- Germany were completely to blame Artlicle 23
  • Reparations- £6.6billion
  • Armed forces- reduced army to 100,000 and no army vehicles
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17
Q

What land did Germany have to give up because of the TOV

A
  • Territory- lost all colonies
  • forbidden to join with Austria
  • France given Alsace-Lorraine
  • Rhineland demilitarised
  • Saarland taken by League of nations and profits given to France
  • Poland given Polish corridor splitting Germany in half
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18
Q

What happened in the invasion of the Ruhr

A

1922 germany couldnt pay the reperation so France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr(industrial area) to take coal and profits

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19
Q

How did Germans react to invasion of the Ruhr

A

Weimar urged workers in ruhr to go on strike and not give in. But France and Belgium reacted with violence

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20
Q

How did hyperinflation start

A

1923 Weimar printed more money to support the strikers .

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21
Q

how much did bread cost in Nov 1923

A

210billion marks
people carried wages in wheelbarrowsa

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22
Q

When and what was the Munich Putsch

A

Nov 1923. Hitler used Germans frustration for Weimar to try and takeover.
600 Nazis seized a beer hall

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23
Q

What were the successes and failures from the Munich Putsch

A

successes-Hitler’s name was known all over Germany
Taught Hitler he had to change his strategy and go through the Reichstag for power
Failures- jailed

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24
Q

How did Stresemann solve hyperinflation

A
  • Dawes plan 1924 meant America lent Germany money
  • Introduces Rentenmark
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25
Q

How did Stresemann solve hyperinflation

A
  • Dawes plan 1924 meant America lent Germany 800million marks
  • Introduces Rentenmark
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26
Q

How long was Stresemann Germany’s Chancellor

A

1923-4

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27
Q

What was the young plan and when

A

1929 reduced reperations paymenst by 67%

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28
Q

When and what was great depression

A

1929- America’s economy collapsed and recalled germany’s loans

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29
Q

How did the great depression affect Germany

A
  • unemployment peaked-6million
  • people became homeless
  • Weimar government raised taxes and cut wages
  • violence began to break out
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30
Q

How many people did the Nazi party have in 1925 compared to 1928

A

1925-27,000 members
1928-100,000
however onyl 12 seats in 1928 election

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31
Q

Why did people vote for Nazis

Great depression

A
  • Great depression caused serious unemployment(6million)
  • Nazis promised “work and bread”
  • appealed to workers who voted for communist or social parties
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32
Q

Why did people vote for Nazis

SA

A
  • Weimar was disorganized and Nazis semmed organised with SA marches and smart uniforms
  • SA were violent and beat up opposition to the Nazis like communists
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33
Q

Why did people vote for Nazis

Propaganda

A
  • Goebbles made propaganda leader
  • Nazis owned 120 daily or weekly newspapers read by many Germans
  • Usually gave positive and uplifting messages about Nazis
  • Hitler gave speeches and mass rallies
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34
Q

Why did people vote for Nazis

Hitler

A

Hitler made promises to the people
Promised to get justice for the Treaty of Versailles
Promised to give jobs
Hitler had a motivational charisma

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35
Q

What were all the election results for the Nazi party

A

1928-12 seats
1930-107 seats
July 1932- 230 seats(no majority)
Nov 1932 -196 seats
1933- 288 seats

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36
Q

Who did Hindenburg initially choose to be chancellor

A

Von Papen
but he found it difficult to run the country with little seats

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37
Q

Who was chancellor after Von papen

A

Von Schleicher

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38
Q

When did Hitler become chancellor

A

30th Jan 1933

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39
Q

When and what was the Reichstag fire

A

Feb 27th 1933
The Reichstag building was set on fire
Nazis arrested a communist(Marinus van der Lubbe)

40
Q

How did Hitler use the Reichstag fire

A

persuaded Hindenburh to sign the “Decree for the Protection of the People and State” allowing large numbers of communists to be arrested

41
Q

How did Hitler use the Reichstag fire

A

persuaded Hindenburh to sign the “Decree for the Protection of the People and State” allowing large numbers of communists to be arrested

42
Q

How did Hitler get a Majority

A

formed a coalation with the Nationlist Party

43
Q

When and why was the Enabling law passed

A

23rd March 1933
* Made it so:communists Party members couldnt vote
* Banned trade unions
* Put Nazis in charge of all state governments
* Used fear and intimidation to make sure people didnt challenge the Nazis

44
Q

Why was the SA a threat to Hitler

A

Rohm(leader of SA) wanted to join SA with army
SA were getting to rowdy and undisaplined and making Nazis less popular
Rohm was getting too much power

45
Q

When and what was the night of the long knives

A

30th June 1934 - Rohm and 400 leaders of SA were shot by SS
Hitler told public he protected them from a takeover

46
Q

When did Hidenburg die

A

August 1934
allowed Hitler to have total control of Germany

47
Q

How did Hitler create jobs

A

Public work programmes
Autobahns giving millions of men jobs
paid poorly

48
Q

What was the RAD

A

Reich labour service
men aged 18-25 did manual labour for 6 months
paid pocket money and counted as employed

49
Q

What was the DAF

A

German Labour Front
replaced trade unions and promised to protect workers rights and conditions

50
Q

What was the three schemes of the DAF

A
  1. Beauty through labour(SDA)
  2. Strength through joy(KDF)
  3. Volkswagen(peoples car)
51
Q

What was the SDA

A

Beauty through labour
improved conditions e.g. better lighting, safety equipment, low cost canteens, sports facilities

52
Q

What was the KDF

A

organised leisure activities and reward schemes like cheap holidays and theatre or football trips

53
Q

What was the German word for self-sufficiency

A

Autarky

54
Q

Who was minister of economics in 1933

A

Schacht:
* he limited imports
* signed trade agreements
* unemplyment fell
* but still depended on foreign countries

55
Q

Who replaced Schacht as minister of economics and what was his plan

A

Goerring -4 year plan :
* increased production of raw materials-coal,iron
* Reduced imports further
* Forced labor
* industrial plants
* Jobs in steel factories
(still failed to achieve autarky by 1939 and Germany still relied on 1/3 materials from foreign countries)

56
Q

What was the unemployent rate in 1938

A

0.5 million

57
Q

What was invisible unemployment

A

Women and Jews didnt count

58
Q

How were farmers helped and why

A

30% of Germany was agriculture
Impotant for Autarky
Cut farmers taxes and Reich entailed Farm law so they couldnt be thrown off land

59
Q

How did Hitler indoctrinate young people

A

Hitoler youth groups
Schools taught what Hitler wanted
Boys taught to be soldiers
Girls taught to be housewifes

60
Q

How was Propaganda effective

A
  • Presented Hitler as saviour
  • Bonbarded people with information
  • Glorified Nazis
  • Hitlers speeches motivational
  • Nazi censorship in newspapers
  • rallies
  • Olympic games-1936
61
Q

How was terror tactics effective

A
  • Concentration camps
  • Gestapo-secret police, spied on Germans
  • Legal system were Nazi members
  • Children had to spy and report on parents
62
Q

What was Hitlers idea of the “master race” called

A

Aryan

63
Q

How did Hitler try to achieve a master race

A
  • Selective breeding
  • Destroying jews
64
Q

What did Hitler call the group of people he thought were inferior

A

Untermensch

65
Q

What groups were in Hitlers idea of inferior people

A

Homeless,homosexuals,black people,gypsies, JEWS

66
Q

How did Hitler exterminate Jews

A

1933- SA organised boycotts on jewish shops and buisnesses
1934-Jews banned from public places
1935-Nuremburgh laws
1938-Kristallnacht

67
Q

When and what were the Nuremburg laws

A

banned jews from amrrying or having sex with Germans

68
Q

When and what was Kristallnacht

A

1938-severe attack on Jewish buisinesses,homes and synagogues killing 100 people

69
Q

Why did Hitler want to control the church

A

Wanted German people to only be loyal to him

70
Q

When did Hitler sign the concordat with Pope(Catholic church)

A

1933

71
Q

How did Hitler reorganise the protestant church

A

1933- changed name to National Reich Church.
replaced Bible with Mein kampf

72
Q

Which protestants opposed the nazis

A

Pastor Martin Niemoller set up the Pastors’s Emergency leaugue.

73
Q

How did Hitler break his concordat with the Church

A

Closed down youth church schools and then sent 400 Catholic Priests to concentration camps

74
Q

What was the name for the tactics which brought Germany success in ww2

A

Blitzkrieg tactics

75
Q

When was rationing first introduced and was it entirely bad

A

1939
No it meant 2 out of 5 Germans ate healthier diets

76
Q

When were women needed again back in the industry

A

1939
6.2 million women were working but reluctant

77
Q

When did Germany experience major bombing raids and where

A

1942
Major cities e.g.Dresden

78
Q

How many civiolians killed

A

3.5 million

79
Q

When were the Volksturm set up and were they useful

A

1944
Were made up of people not fit enough for war and lacked experience

80
Q

What were Ghettos

A

During war Jews rounded up and put in isolated parts of cities ready to be transported.
Very bad conditions and many died from cold, hunger and disease

81
Q

How many Jews died in the Warsaw Ghetto

A

55,000

82
Q

What were the murder squads established to kill Jews

A

Einsatzgruppen

83
Q

When and what was the Final Solution

A

1941
Built 6 death camps in Poland to work and gas Jews

84
Q

How many Jews were worked to death or gassed

A

6 million

85
Q

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates

A
  • Working class
  • Beat up Hitler Youth
  • Distributed leaflets
  • Gestapo caught and hanged a group og them
86
Q

Who were the Swing Youth

A
  • Middle class
  • Listened to jazz and went clubbing
  • Nazis closed down their bars
87
Q

Who were the White Rose

A
  • Started by students Han and Sophie and Professor Kurt Huber
  • Spread anit Nazi leaflets
  • Hanged by Gestapo
88
Q

How did the Church oppose

A
  • Protestants set up anti church(Condessional Church)
  • Protestant Pastors Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Marin Niemoller spoke against Nazis
89
Q

How did Army oppose Nazis

A
  • Officers became critical of Hitler as war got bad
  • Failed two assasination attempts in 1943
90
Q

When and what was the July bomb plot

A
  • 20th July 1944
  • Count von Stauffenberg attemped to assasinate Hitler
  • It failed and killed 4 people but only left Hitler with small injuries
  • Hitler executed 5746 people as a consequence
91
Q

When did Soviets gain back countries Germany conquered

A

1945

92
Q

When did Soviets gain back countries Germany conquered

A

1945

93
Q

When did Soviets gain back countries Germany conquered

A

1945

94
Q

When did Soviets gain back countries Germany conquered

A

1945

95
Q

When did Soviets gain back countries Germany conquered

A

1945

96
Q

When did Hitler commit suicide

A

30th April 1945

97
Q

What was decided at the Yalta conference Feb 1945

A
  • The allied leaders met to discuss what to do with Germany after the war.
  • They decided to divide Germany into 4 zones (US, British, French and Soviet).
  • They decided to divide Berlin into 4 zones too.
  • To hunt down and try Nazi war criminals in an international court of justice.

History (2 decks)

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