Conflict and Tension in Asia Flashcards
When did the USSR become communist
1917 in the Russian revolution
What attack from the Japanese force America to enter the war
Pearl harbor Dec 1941 on Hawaii
What did Churhill want from the Yalta confernece
To maintain Britains global empire and withstand pressure from the USA and the USSR
What did Roosevelt want from the Yalta conference
To ensure peace after the war had finished and rebuild its connections with the global economy
what did Stalin want from the Yalta conference
Wanted to guarantee security from western aggression as they had been invaded from the west 3 times prior.
which big three were at the Yalta conference and when
Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin in Feb 1945
who attended the Potsdam Conference and when
Clement Attlee, Truman and Stalin
Why did Truman dislike Stalin
because he was a capitalist ruler who had a hatred for communism
What did Truman do to show his dislike for communism and Stalin
He stopped supporting the Soviets through the Lend-Lease programme.
What is PEER
Acronym to remember conferences- People, Europe, Elections, Reparations
What did Stalin want from the Potsdam conference that worried the other participants
Wanted to enforce more reparations then agreed on at Yalta
Wanted to make Europe a communist government shown by his attempt in Poland
When did America drop the first bomb and where
6th August 1945 on Hiroshima destroying more than 60 percent killing 140,000 innocent people
When did America drop the second atomic bomb and where
Three days later then the first on Nagasaki killing 74,000 people
How did the US justify dropping the bombs
Claimed it was to force the Japanese to surrender which they did 14th Aug 1945.
Could have been a warning to the Soviets
how did soviets create a buffer zone in Europe
took over Albania, Bulgaria, East Germany, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia between 1945 and 1948 and enforced a communist government
What did George Keenan’s telegram say
in 1946 he sent a telegram saying how the USSR feared the outside world and was determined to spread communism
What did Novikov’s telegram say in response
Stated USA was more economically stronger then the USSR and hell bent on world domination
What did Churchill state in his Iron curtain speech
That the allies gad spent six years fighting for freedom from fascism in Europe, only to have half the continent now under Soviet dictatorship
How did Truman show his opposition to communism
By funding Greece in the war against communists in 1947
What was the Truman Doctrine
USA would provide support to countries against communist threats
What policy did the Truman doctrine follow on to
Policy of containment to contain or stop the spread of communism
What was the Marshall plan and Marshall Aid
The Marshall plan in 1947 is where the USA spent over $12 billion to give to poorer countries vulnerable to communist takeover like France.
It was essentially propaganda to show countries the potential of a prosperous capitalistic government and steer them away from communism
How did the Soviets reply to the Marshall aid
Forbid eastern Europe countries to accept this aid
Established Comecon which gave similar aid to countries
Established Cominform which tightened Soviet control
Why was Stalin threatened by western powers in his German territory
After temporary zones had been created in Germany Stalin believed the Western powers were going to combine their zones into a capitalistic zone to overpower the East.
PARANOIA
Who owned West Berlin after the dividing of Germany
Russia
What was the West doing that upset Stalin
Helping to rebuild Germany with their wealth
Britain and America join their zones in Germany to create Bizonia in 1948
How did Stalin respond to the actions of the west
on 24 June 1948 he cut all land access to Berlin from the Allies, became known as the Berlin blockade
How did the blockade effect Berlin
Shortage of food only 36 days worth
a lack of basic goods like fuel and medicine
How did the Allies react to the Berlin Blockade
Start of Cold war
Accesssed their sectors of Berlin by air-Berlin Airlift
Lasted 11 moths until blockade lifted in May 1949
Impacts of the Berlin Blockade
Causes Tension
in April 1949 USA, Britain and France announced the formation of the German Federal Republic
Formation of NATO
Stalin responds to NATO with Warsaw pact
When did the USSR explode its first bomb
29 August 1949
What was the US domino theory and how was it proved
The theory that communism will spread from country to country like a trail of dominos and Chinas communist revolution in 1949 proved it.
How was Korea divided after WW2
by the 38th parallel into Soviet backed North and non-communist backed South
Who were the leaders of North and South Korea
Kim il Sung
Syngman Rhee
What happened June 1950
China and soviet union backed an invasion of South Korea.
How far back did the North korean peoples army push Southern forces
all the way to a small area called Pusan
What did the USA do to help
Sent troops in July 1950
and appealed to the United Nations for help and troops.
How was teh USA granted help from the UN
Because the Soviet Union was boycotting the UN meetings for not allowing China to enter the UN so they could not veto
How did America push back the North Koreans
September 1950 UN forces led by Douglas MacArthur landed in Inchon and pushed back the N.Koreans past 38th parallel to the Yalu river which borders China
Why were the UN forces pushed back
China invaded Korea backing North Korea
Why was MacArthur sacked by Truman
He requested to use atomic weapons
What happened after the UN was pushed back to 38th parallel
Stalemate in June 1951