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Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

why did the people become angry at Kaiser Willhem?

A

he had total power so he was the only 1 to blame

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2
Q

What was Kaiser Wilhems goal?

A

to become as great as Britain and with help from rich, powerful buisnessmen wilhem’s dreams became true

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3
Q

Why were people in mines and workshops unhappy?

A

the conditions were poor, wages low and food expensive.

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4
Q

What happened after people had joined trade unions and were voting for new political parties?

A

They voted for the social democratic party, wealth should be shared among all

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5
Q

How did Germany start to suffer during the war?

A

there were food, clothing and medical shortages.

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6
Q

What protests happened during the war?

A

women stood outside German parliament saying they wanted their men back from the trenches
year later 10,000 workers shouted in Berlin down with the war, down with the government

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7
Q

What did Gerneral Ludendorff say to the Kaiser in October 1918?

A

Germany couldn’t win the war
told Kaiser to share more power with the German parliment to be let off easier by the allies

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8
Q

What happened on October 28 1918 when a German Navy was ordered out to sea?

A

refused to follow orders as didnt want to fight, mutiny news began to spread
other sailors refused to follow orders
workers in towns supported them
soilders sent to deal with protests but joined them

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9
Q

What did the Kaiser do on November 9 1918?

A

he abdicated and left Germany never to return

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10
Q

Who took over from Kaiser Wilhem?

A

Friedrich Ebert took over temporarily. 11 November 1918 Germany surrendered

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11
Q

What was the end of WW1 like in Germany?

A

lack of food, people starving, riots, navy mutinied

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12
Q

What did Ebert and his government do on November 1918?

A

signed an armistice withdrawing Germany from the war

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13
Q

What did the new constitution (set of rules) for Germany include?

A

everyone over 20 could vote for who would sit in the Reichstag
chancellor head of reichstag for 4 years
president who would pick chancellor and be voted every 7 years
Germany would use proportional representation (political party would get fair share of seats)

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14
Q

what were the strengths of the Weimar Constitution?

A

very fair,
allowed people to have their say
wouldn’t allow 1 person to take over
poor chancellor or president would only be around for limited time

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15
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Weimar constiution?

A

loads of different parties in Reichstag, difficult to reach agreement
article 48 could be abused
president stopped listening to Reichstag
governments could pass laws that went against what reichstag wanted

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16
Q

What happened during the spartacist revolution in January 1919?

A

German communist party wanted to take over Germany
Freikorps (ex- ww1 soilders paid to help keep government in order)helped Ebert to shut it down
leaders were murdered

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17
Q

Why did Ebert having to rely on the Freikorps make him look weak?

A

they could turn on him, looked useless and unpowerful

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18
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch’s goal? why did it fail?

A

to undo the German revolution and overthrow Weimar republic
workers in Berlin going on strike and refusing to help Freikorps caused it to fail

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19
Q

Who important was assassinated connected to the Weimar government

A

Walther Rathenau, politician involved in armistice and Treaty of Versailles

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20
Q

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

treaty Germany had to sign after WW1, if they didn’t the war would continue and they would lose.

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21
Q

What were the main features of the Treaty of versailles? (BRAT)

A

B- blame- germany had to accept all blame (war guilt clause)
R- reparations- had to pay £6.6 billion
A- Armed forces- reduced to 100,000 men, no tanks submarines or planes, Rhineland demilitarised
T- territory- lost 13% of land and 12.5% of their population, lost all colonies so no empire

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22
Q

What did the Germans say after the Treaty of Versailles had been signed?

A

they’d been stabbed in the back by the government

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23
Q

Who were the nazis private army?

A

The SA/ brownshirts

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24
Q

Where did the Nazi party used to meet? Why did they attract attention?

A

beer houses, Hitlers powerful speeches and rants against Treaty of Versailles, SA would beat up opponents (mostly communists)

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25
Q

Why did France and Belgium invade the Ruhr?

A

because Germany missed a reparation payment, so they invaded to take good like coal

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26
Q

What did the Germans do in response to occupation of the Ruhr?

A

workers went on strikes and refused to make goods, flooded mines and sabotaged factories

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27
Q

What did the Weimar government do to support strikes?

A

They printed more money to pay them but then they had hyper inflation due to this

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28
Q

How did Hitler do the Munich Putsch in November 1923?

A

Hitler and 600 Nazis seized a beer hall where a meeting between Bavarian leaders was taking place, they arrested 3 leaders , made them swear their support for Hitlers takeover before locking them in a room
3 men escaped and called police and arrested Hitler

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29
Q

How did Hitlers arrest gain popularity?

A

He got publicity from his trial, His book Mein Kampf was published, changed his strategy to trying to get power by winning votes

30
Q

How did Stresemann end hyperinflation?

A

introduced Rentenmark, signed Dawes plan so America lent Germany money to rebuild industry and pay reparations

31
Q

How did Gustav Stresemann (chancellor and foreign secretary) help Germany get back on its feet?

A

Replaced old currency with Rentenmark, Dawes plan, Young plan (reduced reparations)
increased amount of money germans had

32
Q

What was stressemans golden age like in Germany?

A

People had lots of money and were spending it, foreign goods, drugs, sex, clubs, cinema, art, radios, cars
On surface Germany was doing well but underneath it all Germany was dependent on foreign loans

33
Q

What was the wall street crash and its effects?

A

USA recalled all their loans, Germany’s money stopped and spiralled into depression
unemployment rocketed
people lost their homes
government refused to print more money but raised taxes and cut wages
violence broke out

34
Q

What were the changes to the Nazi party 1924-29?

A

party had been banned by was lifted as Hitler got a deal
Bamberg party conference Hitler strengthened his positions at leader and made blackshirts his private bodyguards.
set up Hitler youth to rival other youth groups
targeted rural and urban voters
members increased
only 12 seats in election

35
Q

Why did people vote for the Nazis?

A

GREAT DEPRESSION- promised work and bread- provide jobs
PROPAGANDA- Josef Goebbels in charge, message was clear, simple, easy to understand
owned 120 daily newspapers, hitler made speeches on radios
ROLE OF SA- showed organisation, marched in smart uniforms, violent group that beat up communists, trying to show communists as violent and the SA could deal with them

36
Q

Did the Nazi party votes increase after the great depression?

A

yes, from 12 to 107 to 230 (largest political party)

37
Q

How did Hitler become chancellor?

A

he was not trusted but the 2 chancellors before him could not get majority, he politically schemed with Von papen saying he could be vice chancellor if he got Hitler to be chancellor.

38
Q

What happened during the Reichstag fire?

A

1 week before election the reichstag building was set on fire, arrested communist for it, Hitler claimed communists were about to stage a takeover for Germany, persuaded Hindenburg to sign the decree for the protection of the people and state- allowing nazis to imprison large numbers of their political opponents

39
Q

what was the Enabling Law?

A

coalition with a nationalist party so he had majority in reichstag
23rd of march 1933- ‘enabling bill’ communists party members couldn’t vote
made promises to the catholics
-he could make laws without passing it past the reichstag

40
Q

what powers did Hitler have after passing the Enabling act?

A

NAzis in charge of all state governments
used fear and intimidations so people didnt challenge the Nazis
banned opposing parties, put leaders in concentration camps
banned trade unions

41
Q

What was the night of the long knives?

A

400 leaders of SA shot by members of the SS (hitlers private bodyguards)

42
Q

what happened after the death of Hindenburg?

A

Hitler combined role of chancellor and president to make himself Fuhrer (supreme leader)
made army sign an oath of loyalty to him

43
Q

What did Hitler promise to deliver in the German economic crisis?

A

work and bread, opening up jobs

44
Q

How did Hitler tackle unemployment?

A

created massive public works programmes, millions of men were given jobs but they were paid poorly

45
Q

What was RAD? (reich labour service)

A

men aged 18-25
6 months
hard manual labour
wore nazi uniform and lived in camps

46
Q

What did the DAF (German labour front) do?

A

controlled the workers and settled disputes between them and their employers

47
Q

What was the KDF (strength through joy) and why was it set up?

A

organised the leisure time of workers, providing them with cheap theatre tickets, cruises, skiing holidays
encouraged them to work harder

48
Q

How did Germany create more jobs to achieve self- sufficiency?

A

men were conscripted into the army more and more and factories were set up for arms production.
Women and Jews were sacked reduced unemployment from 6 million to 0.5 million

49
Q

How did Nazis change the lives of women?

A

took a lot of their freedom, expected to stay at home and be house wives, children, cooking, church, encouraged large families (medals awarded)
discouraged from makeup, smoking, dieting
women could donate a baby to the fuhrer by becoming pregnant by a racially pure SS man.

50
Q

How did Hitler use the Hitler youth movement and education to change the lives of young people?

A

he brain washed them to become perfect Nazis
HITLER YOUTH
4 different groups, 2 for girls and 2 for boys
boys trained to be soilders
girls trained to be good mothers
trained utter loyalty to hitler
EDUCATION
maths questions promoted war and getting rid of minorities
history focused on Nazis and geography was greater Germany
History books rewritten without German defeat
lots of PE
teachers joined Nazi teachers association
Jewish pupil were persecuted in lessons by students and teachers

51
Q

Who were the Goebbels?

A

people made sure the public was bombarded with information to keep them loyal to the Nazis

52
Q

How did concentration camps help keep support for the Nazis?

A

ran by SS, worked to death with long hours and barely any food
Gestapo would go round checking that people were being loyal to the Nazis

53
Q

How did the legal system help control Nazi Germany?

A

judges had to become members of the nationalist socialist league for the maintenance of law
needed to uphold Nazi views in the law courts

54
Q

What was the Nazi Racial Policy- 1933-1945

A

aryans were the master race
Hitler wanted to keep race pure, aryan and non aryan couldn’t have children
Jews were to be blamed for all Germany’s problems

55
Q

How did Nazis change the lives of minorities? 1933-39

A

vagrants and homeless were taken to camps and re-educated and taught how to work
homosexuals were sent to concentration camps
blacks and mentally ill were sterilised so they couldn’t reproduce or killed
gypsies were sent to concentration camps

56
Q

What was the treatment of Jews like 1933-39?

A

SA boycotts Jewish shops and businesses
Jews banned from public places
german citizenship taken away and banned from marrying or having sex with Germans
Many physical attacks on the jews
banned from German schools

57
Q

What did Hitler do in 1933 to do with the church?

A

signed a concordat with the pope saying the Nazis and catholics would stay out of eachothers affairs

58
Q

What did the 1935 ministry of churches being set up mean?

A

church schools were abolished and the Nazis aimed to influence young people by promoting hitler youth

59
Q

What happened after a while to do with the catholic church?

A

Hitler broke his promise of not interferring with their affairs
closed down catholic schools, Pope criticised him leading to 400 catholic priests being arrested and sent to concentration camps

60
Q

What was life like in Nazi Germany during early 1939-41?

A

Nazis took over other countries supplies of raw materials and luxuries and sent them home.
Rationing- 1939, control supplies, 2 out of 5 had a healthier diet than before the war
Conscripted women into the workforce
Goebbels made more effective use of propaganda

61
Q

What was like like in Nazi Germany during the latter war years? (1942-45)

A

1942- Germans experience bombing raids on major cities
1943- albert speer became reich minister for armaments and production
took direct control of war economy, all factories produced items needed for the war
1944 the volkssturm (peoples home guard) set up, peoples army, defend German cities if they were attacked by allies, poorly trained, lacked experience, few weapons

62
Q

How were the Jews treated during the war years?

A

rounded up into ghettos(sections of cities with walls built around them) not allowed to leave or would be shot, terrible conditions, serious food shortages

63
Q

What were the Einsatzgruppen?

A

Murder squads following advancing German armies to round up Jews, taken to outskirts and forced to dig own grave before being shot

64
Q

What was the Final Solution?

A

concerned as each new victory brought more and more Jews under their control, death camps built in Poland, split into 2 groups on arrival, workers and those to be killed immediately,

65
Q

Who were the opposition to the Nazis in Germany?

A

Edelweiss Pirates- working class who beat up Hitler youth, refused to join and mocked, distributed leaflets dropped by allies, Gestapo caught a group of them and they were publicly hanged.
Swing youth- middle class, listened to jazz and went clubbing, nazis threatened by them
White Rose movement- students at Munich University, spread anti-nazi leaflets, they were hung

66
Q

What did the church do due to opposing the Nazis?

A

Protestants set up confessional church (anti-nazi)
spoke out against Nazis

67
Q

How did the army oppose the Nazis and what did they do? (July Bomb Plot)

A

army officers were more critical of Hitler in 1943 after war went badly
2 assassination attempts organised
20th July 1944 Stauffenberg attemped to assassinate Hitler with a bomb in a suitcase (operation valkyrie)
failed as someone moved briefcase further away from Hitler
bomb exploded killing 4 but Hitler suffered minor injuries

68
Q

What happened leading up to the defeat of Germany?

A

Soviet army continued to liberate the countries Germany had once occupied
Soviet attacked Berlin on 16th of April 1945
30th April Hitler committed suicide and on May 1st Goebbels committed suicide
8th May Germany surrendered

69
Q

How was Germany punished by the allies?

A

Yalta conference- February 1945
divided Germany into 4 zones and Berlin into 4 zones, hunted down and tried Nazi war criminals
Potsdam conference- July 1945
agreed to divide into 4 zones
demilitarise Germany
re-establish democracy
ban Nazi party

70
Q

What were the Nuremberg Trials?

A

sllies agreed to put leading members of Nazi party on trial as war criminals
Nazis accused of conspiring to-
wage war, commit crimes against peace, commit crimes against humanity, commit war crimes such as abuse and murder of prisoners
trials began 21st of november 1945, ended 1st ovtober 1946
200 nazis were tried and 142 were found guilty

71
Q

what was denazification and how did it happen?

A

removing traces of the Nazi regime from society, culture, press, economy, education and politics
wearing German army uniform was banned
2 million Nazis were forbidden to work as anything but manual labourers
nazi party banned october 1945
German streets renamed
Allies controlled the media to make sure only negative imagine presented to public about Nazis

History (5 decks)

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