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2O Germany 1890-45 > Nazi Economic And Social Policy > Flashcards

Nazi Economic And Social Policy Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Nazis tackle the problem of unemployment?

A

Creating massive public works programmes such as the building of
the autobahns (motorways). Millions of men were given jobs through this, although they were paid poorly.

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2
Q

What was the RAD?

A

Reich Labour Service

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3
Q

What purpose did RAD serve?

A

Men aged 18-25 were made to join the RAD for 6 months. They did hard manual labour such as tree felling and ditch digging. They had to wear Nazi uniform and lived in camps.

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4
Q

What was the DAF?

A

German Labour Front

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5
Q

What purpose did the DAF serve?

A

All workers joined the DAF (German Labour Front) which controlled the workers and settled disputes between them and their employers. It persuaded employers to improve working conditions in factories.

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6
Q

What was the KDF?

A

Strength through Joy

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7
Q

What purpose did the KDF serve?

A

Set up to organise the leisure time of the workers, providing them with cheap theatre tickets, cruises, skiing holidays and saving up for VW Beetles. This encouraged them to work harder.

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8
Q

From what year were more German men conscripted?

A

1935

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9
Q

What was the impact of rearmament?

A

It created jobs. Germany tried to achieve autarky (self-sufficiency) so that they could keep fighting when other countries stopped trading with them.

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10
Q

What was ‘invisible unemployment’?

A

Women and Jews were sacked from their jobs which created jobs for the
men. This was known as invisible unemployment as they were not counted in the unemployment figures.

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11
Q

How many people were unemployed when Hitler came to power in 1934?

A

6 million

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12
Q

By 1938, how many people were unemployed?

A

0.5 million/500,000

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13
Q

What did the government take control over which limited big businesses from running themselves?

A

prices, wages, profits and imports

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14
Q

What happened to Jewish small businesses?

A

Jewish small businesses were closed down allowing other German small
businesses to flourish.

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15
Q

How were farmers impacted by Nazi economic policies?

A

Farmers were given help in paying off loans but were given quotas for production to meet which limited their freedom.

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16
Q

What happened to women after 1945?

A

Women lost lots of the freedoms they had gained in the Weimar period. Women were expected to stay at home and be housewives and mothers. Many women were forced to leave their jobs

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17
Q

What were the 3 Ks?

A

Kinder, Kuche, Kirche (children, cooking and church)

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18
Q

What were the milestones of the Mothers’ Cross?

A

4 children - bronze
6 children - silver
8 children - gold

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19
Q

What was done to encourage couples to have children?

A

They were offered marriage loans which were reduced each time a child was born. They were loaned 1,000 marks when they were married and allowed to keep 250 for each child.

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20
Q

How were women expected to look?

A

Women were discouraged from wearing make-up, smoking and dieting. They were encouraged to dress modestly.

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21
Q

What was set up to set up where women could ‘donate’ a baby to the Führer by becoming pregnant by racially pure SS men?

A

Lebensborns

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22
Q

What were the Hitler Youth movements for boys?

A

Jungvolk (ages 10-14)
HJ (ages 14-18)

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23
Q

What were the Hitler Youth movements for girls?

A

Young Girls’ League (Jungmädelbund) (ages 10-14)

The League of German Girls (Bund Deutscher Mädel/BDM) (ages 14-18)

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24
Q

Who assumed control of the entire Hitler Youth movement in 1931?

A

Baldur von Schirach

25
Q

What did Nazi school curricula consist of?

A

Maths questions promoted messages of war and getting rid of minorities, History focused on the Nazi Party, Geography focused on the “Greater Germany”, Biology focused on recognising the Aryan race. Eugenics was introduced which was race studies.

26
Q

What was school like in Nazi Germany?

A
  • New resources: History books were rewritten without German defeats,
  • Story books were written warning children of the dangers of the Jews. - Boys were educated to be soldiers, girls educated to be mothers. They
    had separate timetables.
  • Lots of PE lessons for everyone to keep everyone fit and healthy for
    their new roles.
  • Teachers had to join the Nazi Teachers’ Association or lose their jobs.
  • Jewish pupils were persecuted in lessons, by students and teachers. They had to leave German schools in 1938
27
Q

From what year was membership in the HJ compulsory?

A

1939

28
Q

By 1939, what were the membership numbers of the HJ?

A

About 7,500,000 children were members; about 1,000,000 refused.

29
Q

Who was the Reichs Minister for Propaganda?

A

Goebbels

30
Q

How did Hitler and the Nazis take advantage of new technology?

A

Hitler’s speeches were regularly broadcast on the radio to remind people of how much the Nazis were improving their lives. Cheap radios were sold to people and connected up to loudspeakers so that everyone could hear. During wartime, frequencies would be adjusted to curtail reception of foreign radio transmissions.

31
Q

What happened to newspapers?

A

Censorship - The newspapers were banned from printing anything that hadn’t been checked by the Nazis first

32
Q

What was a way in which the Nazis used propaganda in person?

A

Great rallies were held, such as those
at Nuremberg, to show people how
organised and powerful the Party was.

33
Q

What event allowed was a propaganda victory for the Nazis in a show to the international community?

A

1936 Olympic Games showcased to the world how efficient, modern and advanced the German nation was.

34
Q

How were concentration camps used to control people?

A

The concentration camps were used to imprison anyone who went against the Nazi state. These were run by the SS. In the camps, people were expected to work to benefit Germany. They were often worked to death with very long hours and insufficient rations.

35
Q

Who were the Gestapo, and what was their role?

A

The Gestapo (secret police) would go round checking that people were being loyal to the Nazis. People who weren’t would often be taken off in the middle of the night for torture or to be taken to a camp.

36
Q

How were law courts used to control people?

A

All judges had to become members of the Nationalist Socialist League for the Maintenance of Law; this meant they had to be members of the Nazi Party who would uphold Nazi views in the law courts. Judges knew that the Minister of Justice would check if they had been lenient and sometimes Hitler would alter sentences if he thought they were too soft. Peoples’ Courts were established for show trials.

37
Q

What were blockleiter?

A

Blockleiter were wardens of city blocks that were divided into groups consisting of 30-40 houses. The blockleiter would keep an eye on all the families and report to
the police and the Gestapo if they noticed anti-Nazi behaviour.

38
Q

What did Nazi racial policy consist of?

A
  • The Nazis believed that the Aryans were the master race.
  • Hitler wanted to keep the master race pure. This meant Aryans and non-Aryans should not have children.
  • Hitler wanted a pure Aryan state. He was going to achieve this by;
    o Selective breeding
    o Destroying the Jews
  • Hitler and the Nazis believed that Jews were inferior, who could be blamed for all of Germany’s problems such as the Treaty of Versailles, hyperinflation and the Great Depression. They were being used as scapegoats.
39
Q

How did Nazis view other races and minority groups?

A
  • Vagrants and the homeless were taken to camps to be re-educated and taught how to work so that they could become useful German citizens. (“Asocials”)
  • Homosexuals were sent to concentration camps. (See also Rohm and Night of the Long Knives)
  • Black people and the mentally ill were sterilised so that they couldn’t reproduce or killed. (Aktion T4)
  • Roma and Sinti were sent to concentration camps and later (during WWII) exterminated with the Jews.
  • White non-Germans such as Slavs were also viewed as inferior.
    – These groups were known as Untermensch.
40
Q

When did the SA organised boycotts of Jewish shops?

A

1933

41
Q

Why were the boycotts of Jewish shops unsuccessful?

A

Most people ignored the boycott and it harmed the economy.

42
Q

When were the Nuremburg Laws passed?

A

1935

43
Q

What did the Nuremburg Laws do?

A

Stripped German Jews of their citizenship and banned relations between Jews and non-Jews

44
Q

Which part of the Nuremberg Laws specifically forbade marriages, children and relations between Jews and non-Jews?

A

Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour

45
Q

Which part of the Nuremberg Laws stripped German Jews of their citizenship?

A

Reich Citizenship Law

46
Q

When did Kristallnacht occur?

A

9-10 November 1938

47
Q

What was Kristallnacht?

A

This was a physical attack on Jewish businesses, homes and synagogues, causing colossal damage and killing 100 people. The event was supposed to be a spontaneous attack by the German people after a Jew shot a Nazi official in Paris, however it is more likely to be a planned by the attack by the Nazis. Many Jews were arrested and taken to concentration camps.
The survivors were given a 1 billion Reichsmark bill to clear up the mess.
After Kristallnacht Jewish children were also banned from German schools.

48
Q

Why was Kristallnacht significant?

A

It marked an escalation to personal violence against the Jews

49
Q

In what year was the Concordat signed?

A

1933

50
Q

What was the Concordat?

A

An agreement between Hitler and the Roman Catholic Church to keep out of each others’ affairs.

51
Q

In what year was the National Reichs Church established?

A

1933

52
Q

What was the motto of the Reichs Church?

A

‘the swastika on our chests and the cross on our hearts’.

53
Q

Who led the Reichs Church?

A

Ludwig Müller

54
Q

When was the Pastor’s Emergency League established?

A

December 1933

55
Q

Who started the Pastor’s Emergency League?

A

Martin Niemoller

56
Q

What was the Pastor’s Emergency League?

A

A group of likeminded Protestant leaders (c7000) that objected to Müller’s appointment as leader of the Reichs Church. They eventually form the Confessional Church.

57
Q

How did Hitler violate the Concordat?

A

He began to close down Catholic
schools and youth groups.

58
Q

How did the Pope react to Hitler’s violation of the Concordat in 1937?

A

The Pope made his famous statement ‘with Burning Anxiety’ in which he attacked the Nazi system for their abuse of human rights. As a result 400 Catholic Priests were arrested and sent to concentration camps.

2O Germany 1890-45 (5 decks)

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