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Nazi Germany > Nazi control and dictatorship 1933-1939 > Flashcards

Nazi control and dictatorship 1933-1939 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Reichstag fire?

A

This was a way for the Nazis to remove opposition & secure control

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2
Q

Who was blamed for starting the fire?

A

A Dutch communist - he was hanged

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3
Q

How many communists were arrested?

A

Around 4000

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4
Q

Why did Hitler issue a decree?

A

It gave him the power to imprison opponents & ban opposition newspapers.

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5
Q

When was an election called?

A

March 1933

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6
Q

How many seats did the Nazi Party secure?

A

2/3 of the seats

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7
Q

How did the Nazi Party secure so many seats?

A

By using emergency powers to prevent Communists from taking up their seats.

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8
Q

What could Hitler now change?

A

The constitution

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9
Q

What was the Enabling Act of 1933?

A

Hitler wanted to destroy the power of the Reichstag & give himself total power to make laws.

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10
Q

Why was the Hitler’s Enabling Act successful?

A

Germany is no longer a democracy.
The Local Government was closed down.
Trade Unions were replaced with the German Labour Front.
Union officials arrested

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11
Q

How did the Enabling Act help Hitler?

A

It allowed Hitler to get rid of most of the opposition to the Nazis.

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12
Q

Why were Rohm and SA a threat to Hitler?

A

Rohm didn’t like Hitler’s policies, the SA was bigger than the Army and led by Rohm, Leaders of Schutzstaffel (SS) wanted to reduce the size of the SA to increase their power.

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13
Q

What did Hitler set up in 1925?

A

The SS (the blackshirts)

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14
Q

Who led the SS?

A

Himmler

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15
Q

What happened during the Night of The Long Knives?

A

Hitler invited Rohm, SA and 100 SA leaders to a meeting on 30th June 1934. Rohm & leaders were arrested & shot.Von Papen’s staff were arrested & his house was surrounded, he lost the power to watch Hitler. Von Schleicher (previous Chancellor & potential threat to Hitler) was also killed

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16
Q

When did Hindenburg die?

A

August 1934

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17
Q

Who was made Fuhrer (President and Chancellor merged together?

A

Hitler

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18
Q

Who did the army have to swear an oath of loyalty to?

A

Hitler himself, not Germany

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19
Q

What is a police state?

A

When a Government uses the police to control everyone’s live

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20
Q

Who did the Nazis use to create a police state?

A

SS, SA and Gestapo

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21
Q

What did this mean for the people of Germany?

A

Anyone could disappear at any time, either killed or put in a concentration camp

22
Q

Why did Hitler set up his own security forces?

A

He didn’t trust the police

23
Q

Who were the security forces ran by?

A

The Nazis

24
Q

What was the security force’s main weapon?

A

Fear

25
Q

What did the SS do?

A

They controlled police & security forces, acted outside the law, and ran concentration camps.

26
Q

Who were the SD led by?

A

Heydrich

27
Q

What did the SD do?

A

They spied on all opponents of Nazis home/abroad

28
Q

Who was the Gestapo?

A

The secret police, which was also led by Heydrich

29
Q

What did the Gestapo wear?

A

Normal, plain clothing to blend in

30
Q

What did the Gestapo do?

A

They spied on people,prosecuted people for speaking against Nazis,used torture,sent people to concentration camps

31
Q

Why was it hard to go against the legal system?

A

It was led by Hitler

32
Q

What were the changes to the legal system?

A

Controlled judges. They were all Nazis, juries were abolished, trials held in secret

33
Q

What was the first concentration camp?

A

Dachau

34
Q

Where were concentration camps built and why?

A

They were built in isolated areas so no one could see what was going on

35
Q

What was it like in concentration camps?

A

Prisoners treated badly, and forced hard labour, political prisoners, Jews, undesirables eg prostitutes, and homosexuals were locked up

36
Q

What were the Nazi’s “Religious” beliefs?

A

Hitler all powerful,Aryan race superior,war important,the strong dominate weak

36
Q

What were the church’s beliefs?

A

God all-powerful, everyone equal,peace important,strong look after weak

37
Q

What did Hitler and the Pope sign in 1933?

A

A concordat

38
Q

What did the concordat allow?

A

It allowed Catholics to worship if they stayed out of politics.

39
Q

What did Hitler do that made the Pope criticise him in 1937?

A

Hitler broke a promise, some priests were sent to concentration camps if opposed Nazis, schools closed, and youth organisations closed

40
Q

Were the protestant churches and who did they support?

A

Reich Church supported Nazis, Confessional Church opposed Nazis led by Martin Niemoller.

41
Q

Who was the propaganda minister?

A

Goebbels

42
Q

How was propaganda used?

A

Spread Nazis ideas through radio, books, film & the arts.
Censorship - Books were burned, radio producers, filmmakers, newspapers were told what to say. Methods of propaganda-posters, rallies, parades, cinema, speeches on radio in factories, streets, cafes.
Modern art & jazz were banned. Olympics in 1936 in Berlin were used to promote Nazi beliefs.

43
Q

Who was the main church opponant?

A

Martin Niemoller

44
Q

What happened to Martin Niemoller?

A

He was sent to concentration camps

45
Q

What did Martin Niemoller do?

A

He set up Confessional Church, 6000 Pastors, 800 sent to camps. High attendance at churches by public

46
Q

Who were then main youth opponants?

A

Edelweiss Pirates and the Swing Youth

47
Q

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates and what did they do?

A

They sang anti-Nazi songs, 2000 members, went on hikes/camps, read/listened to banned books/music, wrote anti Nazi graffiti, working class, mainly boys American clothing check shirts, Alpine flower Edelweiss was their symbol.

48
Q

Who were the Swing Youth and what did they do?

A

They were like the Pirates- wore American clothes & listened to American music.Organised illegal dances. Mainly middle class/wealthy background.

49
Q

How did the youth opponants effect Hitler?

A

They had anti-Nazi graffiti/
jokes, attacked Hitler Youth,l imited numbers

Nazi Germany (4 decks)

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