NAVY Flashcards
what years were the age of sail ?
1760s to aprox 1830s
what years was the age of steam
1840s on
what year did the Napoleonic wars end ?
1815
what was the key tactic in the age of sail?
broadside bombing with up to 60 cannons on each sude it would sink any vessel
what was it called when in battle ships approached the enemy in a line?
breaking the line
what desicive victory was won using the breaking the line tactic?
Battle of Trafalgar 1805
what were the first type of ships called?
ship of the line with 8-120 cannons such as HMS victory built 1765
steam battleships significanace ?
first was the Demologos, they became effective where the sailing ships werent able to navigate using the wind.
iron clad battleships significance ?
first french was the Gloire 1859 and later the British HMS warrior 1861, by 1862 used the ironclads in the American civil war.
what ship became the most powerful weapon ?
Dreadnought 1906 a ship so powerful it beat all the existing ones
what was the significance of changing from sail to steam?
John Fischers modernisation programme scrapped 154 old sails ships and recosntructed Britsih fleets, across the world
significance of dreadnought battleships
wanted to maintain naval suprmecy and 2 power standard
Naval defence act 1889 britain committed to10 battlehips, 42 cruisers, 18 torpdo gunships, by 1893 all at acost of 21.5 mil
what impact did Cooke have ?
led 3 scientific expeditions to the Pacific on behalf of the royal Navy and Royal Society. Between 1769 and 1779 he succesfully circumnavigated the globe
he was a skilled cartographer and experience as a seamen and paid close attention to health and welfare.
Cooks safety at sea nd crew management
Cooks cartography enabled to use his chart of the pacififc until the 20th century, it established claim new lands in Australia
maintaining good hygiene, access to food and water demonstrated that they could stay out in sea for 3 years without losing alot of men.
Cook and scurvy
Cook forced his workers to eat a variety of foods inland fruit, veg and animals which saved his crew more than he knew
1794 they discovered that the citrus fruit aided scurvy which they poured into their rum so that they would drink it as they paid things with rum
why had scurvy been such a problem
it was a major cause of death with 130,00 deaths in th 7year war
scientific progress: cook
on his first voyage cook chartered 500 miles of previously unknown coastline mostly in Australia, new zealand, and coast of pacific north the Hydrogaphic office recorded and printed accurate maps from the 1790s onwards.
how and why did the Navy get involved in the supression of the slave trade ?
despite it becoming illegal in 1807 it still continued number of slaves crossing the atlantic rose to 13,500 in 1830
what did the british set up to supress slavery ?
the preventative squadron mostly working off the west african coast, there was however a high death rate 54/1000 men
how britain wasnt succesful in supressing slave trade?
only about 10% of african slaves had been freed and slave trade had continued on the African East coast amd Red Sea and Indian Ocean
main reason for true eradication was American Civil war 1865
how britain was succesful in supressing slavery?
over the whole period 100 ships seized
the Black Joke captured 11 slave vessels in 1 year
Palmerston Pm won agreement with other powers too eradict slave ships with slave equipment
pel passed a laws in 1845 allowing the interception of Brazilian ships- it was nearly eradicated by 1853
how did the supressing of slaves help technology ?
increased importance of quicker smallerships, paddle steamer HMS Pluto crucial in role from 1832
how did supression of slavery help role ?
took a leading role in moral crusade, winning cooperation from other states, policing role of the sea
piracy influence
piracy increased as the free trade market expanded
Barbary Corsairs found thstt selling the crews captured ships as slaves or demanding a ransom was more profitable than ships cargo
