NAVY

Question 1

what years were the age of sail ?

Answer 1

1760s to aprox 1830s

Question 2

what years was the age of steam

Answer 2

1840s on

Question 3

what year did the Napoleonic wars end ?

Answer 3

1815

Question 4

what was the key tactic in the age of sail?

Answer 4

broadside bombing with up to 60 cannons on each sude it would sink any vessel

Question 5

what was it called when in battle ships approached the enemy in a line?

Answer 5

breaking the line

Question 6

what desicive victory was won using the breaking the line tactic?

Answer 6

Battle of Trafalgar 1805

Question 7

what were the first type of ships called?

Answer 7

ship of the line with 8-120 cannons such as HMS victory built 1765

Question 8

steam battleships significanace ?

Answer 8

first was the Demologos, they became effective where the sailing ships werent able to navigate using the wind.

Question 9

iron clad battleships significance ?

Answer 9

first french was the Gloire 1859 and later the British HMS warrior 1861, by 1862 used the ironclads in the American civil war.

Question 10

what ship became the most powerful weapon ?

Answer 10

Dreadnought 1906 a ship so powerful it beat all the existing ones

Question 11

what was the significance of changing from sail to steam?

Answer 11

John Fischers modernisation programme scrapped 154 old sails ships and recosntructed Britsih fleets, across the world

Question 12

significance of dreadnought battleships

Answer 12

wanted to maintain naval suprmecy and 2 power standard
Naval defence act 1889 britain committed to10 battlehips, 42 cruisers, 18 torpdo gunships, by 1893 all at acost of 21.5 mil

Question 13

what impact did Cooke have ?

Answer 13

led 3 scientific expeditions to the Pacific on behalf of the royal Navy and Royal Society. Between 1769 and 1779 he succesfully circumnavigated the globe
he was a skilled cartographer and experience as a seamen and paid close attention to health and welfare.

Question 14

Cooks safety at sea nd crew management

Answer 14

Cooks cartography enabled to use his chart of the pacififc until the 20th century, it established claim new lands in Australia
maintaining good hygiene, access to food and water demonstrated that they could stay out in sea for 3 years without losing alot of men.

Question 15

Cook and scurvy

Answer 15

Cook forced his workers to eat a variety of foods inland fruit, veg and animals which saved his crew more than he knew
1794 they discovered that the citrus fruit aided scurvy which they poured into their rum so that they would drink it as they paid things with rum

Question 16

why had scurvy been such a problem

Answer 16

it was a major cause of death with 130,00 deaths in th 7year war

Question 17

scientific progress: cook

Answer 17

on his first voyage cook chartered 500 miles of previously unknown coastline mostly in Australia, new zealand, and coast of pacific north the Hydrogaphic office recorded and printed accurate maps from the 1790s onwards.

Question 18

how and why did the Navy get involved in the supression of the slave trade ?

Answer 18

despite it becoming illegal in 1807 it still continued number of slaves crossing the atlantic rose to 13,500 in 1830

Question 19

what did the british set up to supress slavery ?

Answer 19

the preventative squadron mostly working off the west african coast, there was however a high death rate 54/1000 men

Question 20

how britain wasnt succesful in supressing slave trade?

Answer 20

only about 10% of african slaves had been freed and slave trade had continued on the African East coast amd Red Sea and Indian Ocean
main reason for true eradication was American Civil war 1865

Question 21

how britain was succesful in supressing slavery?

Answer 21

over the whole period 100 ships seized
the Black Joke captured 11 slave vessels in 1 year
Palmerston Pm won agreement with other powers too eradict slave ships with slave equipment
pel passed a laws in 1845 allowing the interception of Brazilian ships- it was nearly eradicated by 1853

Question 22

how did the supressing of slaves help technology ?

Answer 22

increased importance of quicker smallerships, paddle steamer HMS Pluto crucial in role from 1832

Question 23

how did supression of slavery help role ?

Answer 23

took a leading role in moral crusade, winning cooperation from other states, policing role of the sea

Question 24

piracy influence

Answer 24

piracy increased as the free trade market expanded
Barbary Corsairs found thstt selling the crews captured ships as slaves or demanding a ransom was more profitable than ships cargo

Question 25

what happned at the attack on Algiers 1816?

Answer 25

pirates and slavers had operated out the Algiers and North Africa ports they were well armed and organised enough to capture shipping and undertake large scale coastal raids.
the rulers of the Barbery states grew 10% richer in these activities

Question 26

what had the British did in Algiers 1816?

Answer 26

after critism of focusing too much on Europe, Britain was sent to Africa with a naval squadron Lord Exmouth made treaties with the Beys to halt raids on Europeans.
before he returned to the Beys massacred 200 captured Corsicans, Sardinians, Sicilians on teh island of Bona who wee under British protection
Exmouth then returned with a alrger fleet and bombarded Algiers 50,00 cannonballs, 40 ships,

Question 27

what happened after the attcak 1816?

Answer 27

power of pirates greatly reduced
Britaian contiued to attack pirates in teh south china seasusinga naval squaron based in sigapore
1856 decaration of paris outlawed piracy in all it forms

Question 28

what was impressment ?

Answer 28

the forecful recruitment of sailors into the navy
to supply the navy with men, press gangs roamed British ports offering gold. they earned 14 pounds a year

Question 29

Don pacififco Affair

Answer 29

1850 a britsh jewish in greece was facing anti-semitic attacks and appealed to get compensation from the government in greece, when this was rejected Pm Palmerston sent a naval Blcokde to Greece forcing them to comply,

Question 30

the navys role in deterrence

Answer 30

presence of the Royal deterred others to challeneg british power. the portuguese pursuaded of the wisdom of accepting Brazilian independence by the presence of a British fleet anchored in Tagus