Navigation and Weather Flashcards
A skipper is responsible for the safety of the ___ and ___. While he may delegate tasks to an experienced ___, the skipper will always be held responsible.
crew, boat, crewmember
List at least four important items of emergency equipment that should be located and checked before departure:
life jackets (or PFDs), fire extinguishers, horn, VHF radio, flares, bilge pumps
When controlling a dockline from on board, take at least one ___ around a cleat to take the load and avoid rope burns.
turn
When docking or undocking under power, the two primary factors to assess are ___ and ___.
wind, current
The flow of water generated by the propeller is called ___ ___.
prop wash
The tendency for the stern of the boat with a right-handed prop to move to ___ when reverse gear is first engaged is called ___ ___
port, prop walk
To make a 180-degree turn in a limited space you must perform a ___ ___. On a boat with a right-handed prop, this entails turning to starboard with alternate bursts of ___ and ___ power.
standing turn, forward, reverse
When you encounter adverse wind conditions during docking or undocking, the use of ___ lines as well as the engine and the ___ will help you control the boat.
spring, rudder
The greater the tidal range, the longer the docklines must be to allow the boat to ___ and ___ with the tide.
rise, fall
List three indications that your anchor may be dragging: ___, ___, or ___.
vibrating anchor chain, changes in range or bearings, closeness to another vessel
Two anchors set from the bow 45 to 60 degrees apart is called a ___ ___. This method maximizes holding power and reduces ___.
forked moor, swing
When approaching a mooring buoy, preparation and ___ between skipper and ___ are essential for a perfect pick up.
planning (or communication), crew
The VHF radio is the primary means for making urgent communications. The three levels of urgent calls are ___ for life-threatening situations, ___ for non-life threatening situations and ___ for navigation or weather hazards.
mayday, pan pan, securite
The International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea (COLREGS), published under the title ___ ___, establish actions to prevent collisions. Nevertheless, Rule 2 states that ___ is responsible for avoiding a collision.
navigation rules, everyone
At night, a sailboat under sail may show a masthead ___ light alone. If under power, a boat must show a white ___ light above deck-level sidelights.
tricolor, steaming (or masthead)
Before towing a dinghy, remove loose gear and tilt or remove the ___. When towing, use a ___ towline, attach the dinghy securely to the sailboat, and tow it at a ___ behind the boat appropriate for the conditions.
outboard, sturdy, distance
When arriving in a foreign country, you must fly the ___ flag just below your starboard spreader. After clearing ___ and ___, you must lower it and fly the nation’s courtesy flag in its place.
Q flag, customs, immigrations
A large-scale chart shows a small geographic area in ___ detail. A small-scale chart shows a large area in ___ detail.
great, less
To measure the distance between two points on a nautical chart, span your dividers between the two points, then measure on the latitude / longitude scale (circle one), where 1 minute = 1 ___ ___.
latitude, nautical mile
If the distance between waypoints A and B on your course is 18 nm and your speed is 5 knots, your Estimated Time Enroute is ___ hours. If you depart A at 0845, your ETA at B will be ___.
3.6, 1221
Your direction of intended travel is called the ___, but the path that the boat actually follows is the ___. A properly calculated and steered ___ will allow your course and track to be the same.
course, track, heading
Dead reckoning uses the boat’s ___, ___, and time elapsed to determine a DR position. A DR position does not incorporate ___ or leeway.
heading, speed, current
The intersection of two or more ___ ___ ___ gives a fix, which is the calculated position of the boat.
lines of position (or LOPs)
When navigating with a GPS plotter, it’s important to use the appropriate ___ to ensure you have the correct level of detail for safety.
zoom
The vertical datum from which soundings are referenced on NOAA charts is ___ ___ ___ ___. On British Admiralty charts, the vertical datum is ___ ___ ___.
Mean Lower Low Water, Lowest Astronomical Tide
In the Northern hemisphere mid-latitudes, wind circulates clockwise and outward from a ___-pressure system, and counterclockwise and into a ___-pressure system.
High, Low
Using the rule of 15s, state the lower threshold wind speeds for: Small Craft Advisory ___, gale ___, storm ___ and hurricane ___.
20 kt, 35kt, 50kt, 65kt
___ fog forms on clear nights with ___ wind, and will burn off with the sun or dissipate in the wind. A fog that requires wind to transport warm air over cold water, and may persist even in strong winds is called ___ fog.
radiation, calm, advection
List at least three actions to take when navigating in low visibility:
take a fix, plot a course, slow down, make sound signals, hoist a radar reflector
Synoptic-scale describes weather patterns over a large area, but local winds may be strongly influenced by local factors such as ___.
terrain
An onshore breeze, driven by differential heating of land and sea, that may enhance or diminish the synoptic wind, is called a ___ ___.
sea breeze
