navigation Flashcards
Discuss Inland vs. International Rules of the Road
International Rules - for all vessels on the
HIGH SEAS and in CONNECTING WATERS
WIND on small
boats
Boat is moved in the direction of the wind
SEAS
on small boats
harder to handle steering
CURRENT on
small boats
CAUSES
DRIFT in direction of flow
PROPELLER
ACTION affects
small boat
handling
Causes boat to ROTATE and cause
FORWARD THRUST
SCREW
CURRENT
affects small
boat handling
PROPELLERS DRAW IN WATER FROM
EVERY DIRECTION AND AROUND THE
BLADES, PROVIDING A FORWARD
THRUST
SIDE FORCE
affects small
boat handling
Causes boat to MOVE SIDEWAYS
CAVITATION
affects small
boat handling
LOSS of EFFECTIVE THRUST and
propeller EFFICIENCY
RUDDER
ACTION
affects small
boat handling
pushes the stern and
bow in OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
compass
errors:
Variation
DIFFERENCE between the value of TRUE
NORTH AND MAGNETIC NORTH.
compass
errors:
Deviation
Amount that the compass is deflected from
the MAGNETIC MERIDIAN because of the
effects of the SHIPS IRON.
Describe procedures to determine compass course on a chart.
compass course. : the course which a ship is
intended to travel
Define how to
determine safe
speed:
State of visibility
As visibility decreases, boats speed
should also decrease
Safe Speed- Rule 6
Define how to
determine safe
speed:
Traffic density
Alot of traffic density requires slower
speed to avoid collision
determine safe
speed:
Stopping distance
and turning ability
Faster speed increase stopping distance
required
Slow speed when making sharp turns so
that you dont overshoot your turn
Define how to
determine safe
speed:
Night
Decrease speed at night in order to
readily recognize other vessels and
buoys
Define how to determine safe speed: Wind, sea, and current
Wind, seas, and current increase the sea
state. More RPMS may be required to
fight resistance. More control is required
when mooring
Define how to determine safe speed: Limitations of the radar equipment
Limitations of radar requires slower
speed and lookouts to be more alert
Define how to determine safe speed: Effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather
Vessel speed should be reduced when
interference caused by sea state of
weather impairs the performance of the
radar
Define how to determine safe speed: Ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar
requires slower speed and lookouts to
be more alert
Define Plan of
Intended
Movement (PIM)
The PLANNED ROUTE that a ship is TO
FOLLOW Must be approved by CO.
Define
Line of
Position
(LOP)
A line of bearing (direction) to a known object,
which a vessel is presumed to be located on at
some point.
Define
Dead
Reckoning
Determination of approx. position by advancing
a previous position for course and distance
only, without regard to other factors, such as,
wind, sea conditions and current
Define
Compass
Bearing
direction towards which you are headed, as
shown by a compass
Define
Relative
Bearing
Direction from the boat’s bow at 000°, measured
clockwise through 360°
Define Fix
A known point on Earth.
Discuss “IALA”
systems A and B
International Association of Lighthouse Authorities IALA System A: Asia, Africa, Europe o Green right returning • IALA Systems B: The Americas, and Japan.
Discuss the
following element
of a Contact
Report: Bearing
Always report contacts in relative
bearings.
Given in 3 digits, spoken digit by digit
Discuss the following element of a Contact Report: Position Angle
Report position angle on all aircraft.
Given in 1 or 2 digits, spoken as whole
number.
Discuss the following element of a Contact Report: Target Angle
Report target angle on all ships.
Given in 3 digits, spoken digit by digit
Discuss the following element of a Contact Report: Range Estimation
horizion is the only readily
available reference point
Discuss the following element of a Contact Report: Speed Estimation
readily visible aid in estimating speed
is a ship’s bow wave and stern wake
Define the actions to be taken by the Give Way and Stand-on vessels in a HEAD ON situation
Head-on Situation - (a) When two vessels
are heading head on towards each other,
should pass port to port
Define the actions to be taken by the Give Way and Stand-on vessels in a CROSSING situation
The vessel which has the other on her own
starboard side shall keep out of the way
and avoid crossing ahead if circumstances
permit.
Define High
Tide
MAXIMUM water height resulting from the
RISING tide
Define Low Tide
MINIMUM water height resulting from the
OUTGOING tide.
Define Mean
High Water
The AVERAGE height of all HIGH-tide
water levels, measured over a 19-year
period
Define Mean
Low Water
The AVERAGE height of all LOW-tide
levels, observed over a 19-year period
Define Spring
Tide
Tides that occur when SUN AND MOON
IN LINE WITH EARTH,
Define Neap Tide
Tides that occur when the SUN AND
MOON ARE 90° apart,
Define Flood
Current
Horizontal movement of water is
TOWARD SHORE
Define Ebb
Current
Horizontal movement of water is
AWAY FROM SHORE
Define Slack
Water
period of time where there is
LITTLE OR NO CURRENT
Define Set
DIRECTION of the current
Define Drift
The velocity (speed) of current
Describe the
Masthead Light
and how to
interpret it
white light 225 degrees
Placed over fore to aft center-line of
vessel
Describe the
Sidelights and how
to interpret them
Green- starboard
Red- Port
112.5 degrees
Describe the Stern
Light and how to
interpret it
white light placed as near stern
135 degrees
Define
Restricted
visibility
any condition in which visibility is restricted
by fog, snow, rainstorms, or other bad
weather
Define Vessel
constrained by
draft
A vessel who is severely restricted in her
ability to deviate from the course due to
her draft in relation to water depth
Define Vessel
restricted in
her ability to
maneuver
Restricted in her ability to maneuver DUE
TO THE NATURE OF HER WORK
Define Vessel
not under
command
A vessel that is UNABLE to maneuver
Define Power
driven vessel
Any vessel propelled by machinery
Define Short
blast and
prolonged
blast
SHORT BLAST: about one second in
duration.
PROLONGED BLAST: from four to six
seconds in duration.
Define a Bell
Used on vessels 12 meters or more in
length
Define a Gong
Used on vessels 100 meters or more in
length .
What is a
SOUNDING on
a nautical chart
Measure of charted depth of water.
What is a
COMPASS
ROSE on a
nautical chart
Compass Rose - Outer circle is true North,
inner circle is magnetic North. The
difference between both is called ANGLE
OF DECLINATION
What are
CONTOUR
LINES on a
nautical chart
contour lines show the shape of
underwater relief
What are Latitude
/ Longitude Lines
on a nautical chart
Latitude lines are reference points in a north and south direction with the equator as their zero reference point Longitude lines are the east and west reference points with the prime meridian as their zero reference point
Target Angle
The relative bearing of your ship from
another ship
What does 1 Short
Blasts mean?
Inland:
I am altering course to PORT
International:
I am altering course to STBD
What does 2 Short
Blasts mean?
Inland:
I am altering course to STBD
International:
I am altering course to PORT
What does 3 short
blasts mean
Astern Propulsion
What does 5 short
blasts mean?
GENERAL DURESS INCLUDING MAN
OVERBOARD
DANGER
How far is a
nautical mile in
yards
2000 yards
When plotting a
running fix, how
many fixed objects
do you need?
One
Oscar Flag
Man overboard
Bravo Flag
Ammo, Fuel, or Explosive transfer. Also for
live fire.
Code Alpha
Flag
Diving Operations
International
Dive Flag
Diving Operations
Quebec Flag
Small Boat Recall
Hotel Flag
Harbor Pilot onboard
Foxtrot Flag
Fixed Wing Aircraft Operations. Commonly
used on aircraft carriers
India Flag
Prepared or Intends to receive you
alongside
Papa Flag
Personnel Recall
Uniform Flag
You are running into danger
Navigation Lights:
Red, White, Red
Restricted Ability Ahead
Navigation Lights:
Red over Red
The Captain Is Dead
Vessel not under command
Navigation Lights:
Red over Red over
Red
Constrained by draft
Navigation Lights:
Red Over White
Fishing at night
Navigation Lights:
Red Over Green
Sailing Machine
Navigation Lights:
White Over Red
Pilot Ahead
Navigation Lights:
Yellow Over
Yellow
A pushing or Hip Towing Fellow
Navigation Lights:
Yellow over white
tug towing astern
Navigation Lights:
Green over Green
over Green
Mineclearing
Navigation Lights:
Green over white
Trawling
Day shape for a
anchored vessel
1 black ball
Day shape for a
vessel aground
3 vertical black balls
Day shape for a vessel not under
command
1 vertical black
balls
Day shape for a vessel constrained by
her draft
1 black cylinder
shape
Day shape for a towed vessel and
vessel being towed
1 black diamond
on each vessel
