Nav Flashcards
How to do a LPSD
1) Choose PSD1
2) Calc ETI to Alternate via PSD1
3) Calc PSD2 in nm beyond PSD1
PSD1 time surplus x GSO / 60 = PSD2
4) Calc ETI to Alternate via PSD2
5) Calc ROC
Distance PSD1 to PSD2 / ETI difference at Alternate
6) LPSD in nm beyond PSD1 = ROC x Surplus via PSD1
How to do a CP on track
Total distance x GSH / GSO + GSH
How to do an off track CP
1)Draw line between alternates and/or destination
2)Measure nil wind CP one that line and make a line perpendicular to that one through your planned track.
3)Where that line intersects planned track draw a line to your alternates
4)Measure that distance
5)Distance / TAS x Wind strength = wind vector length
6)Draw wind vector out from intersect and then at the end of the vector draw another line parallel to it through your planned track.
This new intersect is the CP
How to find latitude nearest to 90/270 degrees
B n l triangle
1)Find n
2)Find degrees required to make 90/270
3)Degrees required / n
On track PNR
SE x GSH / GSO + GSH = Time to PNR
True altitude
1)PA of Temp source
2)ISA at PA
3)ISA Deviation at PA
4)TA Correction = 0.004 x ISA dev x Indicated Altitude above QNH source
5)+ or - correction to A/C height or altitude depending on question asked
VOR errors
AVGAS
Airborne equipment
Vertical polarisation
Ground station
Aggregate
Site/terrain
Where does ADF point on VOR bearing at different magnetic variation
VOR is10E
A/C is 12E
VOR Track TO 270M
ADF track TO 268M
NDB Errors
MINTCHAT (MF Band)
Mountain effect
Interference
Night effect
Terrain effect
Coastal refraction
Height effect
Aircraft error
Thunderstorms
Approaching DME G/S visualisation
Seagull
Approaching DME distance visualisation
U
What does Doppler do for a VOR site
Stops scalloping and bending caused by site error
What happens if a DG compensated for latitude with a latitude nut is used at the same latitude but opposite hemisphere
The deviation will be doubled because it is compensated for in the wrong direction
You have calculated your time to the PNR. How to convert it to distance
Time to PNR x GSO / 60
How to calculate RB
HATS
HDG + ADF RB = TRK to station
Rearrange formula if required
Calc for staying within coverage of an aid
Dist of rated coverage x 60 / Bearing change
To find TAS when given M and OAT
Square root K x 39 x M -1
To find M given OAT and TAS
1)Calc TAS at M1.0 first
Square root K x 39 x 1M - 1
2)Given TAS / TAS at M1.0 = M
To find OAT given M and TAS
1)Calc TAS at M1.0
TAS / M = TAS at M1.0
2)TAS at M1.0 + 1 / 39 = x
3) x2 - 273K = OAT
Navaid range
Dist to navaid = Distance (mins or nm) x 60 / Bearing change
What direction is electrical and magnetic component in a vertically polarised antenna
Electrical vertical
Magnetic horizontal
What are RLs and GCs on conic projections
Rhumb lines are lines of constant bearing
Great circles are lines of shortest distance
Calc for rhumb line track
Rhumb line track = inbound + outbound / 2
Speed of sound formula
Square root K x 39 - 1
What is F factor
IAS corrected for compressibility error. Giving EAS
What do RLs and GCs look like on Mercator
RL - straight
GC - Concave to equator
RLs and GCs on Polar maps
RL concave to pole
GC concave to pole but become straighter as they get closer to pole
RLs and GCs on Conic maps
GCs concave to parallel of origin
RLs concave to poles
Number of Sats needed for 3D position
- The fourth one corrects for receiver clock error
How often to give ATC position
With One IRS/INS every 3 hours CTA or 5 hours Oceanic
With two or more IRS/INS 5 hours CTA 12 hours OCEANIC
Sats for FD without baroaiding (baroaiding uses altimeters to reduce Sats required by 1)
5 Sats provide FD, with one spare to cross check
Sats for FDE without baroaiding
6 Sats provide FDE, with 2 Sats spare to cross check
VHF range
For a MSL transmitter site
Square root of 1.5 x receiver altitude
For a above MSL transmitter site
Square root of 1.5 x receiver altitude + square root of 1.5 x transmitter elevation
