Nav #1

Question 1

What are the four essential problems of Air Navigation?

Answer 1

Where are we? Where are we going? How will we get there? When will we get there?

Question 2

Describe the two components of Air Navigation.

Answer 2

The art and science of safely and efficiently directing an aircraft from one place to another, and determining the aircrafts position at any time.

Question 3

What is the shape of the Earth for practical navigational purposes?

Answer 3

A perfect sphere.

Question 4

What is the shape of the Earth?

Answer 4

An oblate spheriod.

Question 5

Define the True Poles.

Answer 5

The extremities of the diameter about which the Earth rotates.

Question 6

Define the Magnetic Poles.

Answer 6

The extremities of the diameter indicated by a North seeking magnet.

Question 7

Define a Great Circle.

Answer 7

A line on the surface of the Earth with a centre and radius the same as the Earth.

Question 8

Define the Equator.

Answer 8

A great circle which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and equidistant from both poles.

Question 9

Define Parallels of Latitude.

Answer 9

Small circles that parallel the Equator.

Question 10

Define Meridians.

Answer 10

Semi-great circles that join the poles.

Question 11

Define Rhumb Lines.

Answer 11

A regularly curved line that cuts all meridians at a constant angle.

Question 12

List the four major properties of an Aviation Map or Chart.

Answer 12

Latitude/Longitude grid. Elevation in feet. Mercator or Lamberts projection. Centrally controlled.

Question 13

List the properties from an ideal map.

Answer 13

Conformity. Constant scale. Equal Area. Great Circles or Rhumb Lines are straight. Adjacent maps fit together. Geographic position is easily located.

Question 14

What is the problem when representing a curved surface onto a flat map or chart?

Answer 14

Distortion.

Question 15

List the three properties of Conformity?

Answer 15

Scale expansion/contraction from any point is independent of azimuth/direction. Shape on the chart conforms with the area being portrayed. Meridians and parallels cut at right angles.

Question 16

List the properties of a Mercator Projection.

Answer 16

Great Circle is a curved convex to the pole. Scale is constant only at the standard parallel. Bearing are correct. Rhumb Lines are straight. The equator and meridians are the only great circles.

Question 17

List the limitations of a Mercator Projection.

Answer 17

Can’t depict the poles. Must apply conversion angles to great circle tracks. Distortion of large shapes. Large distances difficult to measure. Limited to 70ºN - 70ºS. Rhumb Lines are straight lines. Great Circle is a curved convex to the pole.

Question 18

List the properties of a Lamberts Conformal projection.

Answer 18

Great circles are straight lines. Rhumb Lines are curved concave to the nearest pole. Has two standard parallels. Scale considered constant. Conformal (I.e. bearings and shapes are correct). Maps fit East-West is the same standard parallels used on each map.

Question 19

Care must be taken when plotting on a Lamberts Chart due to what?

Answer 19

Lines of Latitude convergence. Lines of Longitude convergence. Great Circle convergence. Rhumb Line convergence.

Question 20

List the two methods of expressing the scale of a chart.

Answer 20

Fraction (1:100 000) and Statement (one inch to one mile)

Question 21

List the three ways geographic position can be expressed in air navigation.

Answer 21

Place name. Bearing and distance. Latitude and Longitude.

Question 22

List the six elements of the vectors of the Triangle of Velocities.

Answer 22

Heading. Track. TAS. Ground Speed. Wind direction. Wind speed.

Question 23

State the need for safety height calculation.

Answer 23

We need to be able to determine safety of heights because of operations off designated airways.

Question 24

Safety heights must be determined when?

Answer 24

Within 25nm of an airfield with a Minimum Safety Altitude (MSA). Outside 25nm of an airfield with a MSA. Departing from a non-licenced airfield with a MSA. On a track with a published LSALT.