Nausea and vomiting

Question 1

Describe what occurs anatomically during nausea

Answer 1

Duodenal and ileal contraction

Gastric dilation

Question 2

Describe what occurs anatomically during retching

Answer 2

Abdominal contraction increases pressure

The stomach becomes displaced

Question 3

Describe what occurs anatomically during vomiting

Answer 3

A deep rapid inspiration
Abdominal contractions
Relaxation of oesophageal sphincters

Question 4

What stimuli may result in vomiting?

Answer 4

Mechanical stimuli
Emetogenic chemicals
Motion sickness
Psychological factors

Question 5

Which neuro receptors are involved in vomiting?

Answer 5

5-HT3 receptors
H1 receptors
M1 receptors
D2 receptors

Question 6

Which anti-emetic is used during acute chemotherapy? Which receptor does this act on?

Answer 6

Ondansetron

5-HT3

Question 7

Which anti-emetics are used during motion sickness? Which receptor does this act on?

Answer 7

Piperazine derivatives/hyoscine

Histamine/muscarinic

Question 8

Which anti-emetic is used during morning sickness? Which receptor does this act on?

Answer 8

Phenothiazines

Dopamine

Question 9

Which two brain regions are involved in all cases of vomiting?

Answer 9

Area postrema/chemoreceptor trigger zone

Nucleus tractus solitarius