Nature's Chemistry: Consumer Products Flashcards
How can alcohols be made from Alkenes?
Alkenes can undergo an addition reaction with water to make Alcohol (Hydration).
What are alcohols used for, and why? (Bonus: What else can they be used as?)
Alcohols are used as fuels as they are highly flammable and burn with clean flames.
Bonus: Alcohols can also be used as solvents.
Which alcohols are miscible (can dissolve) with water?
The first three alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and propanol) are miscible (can dissolve) with water.
Why do boiling/melting points of alcohols and carboxylic acids increase with size?
When alcohols and carboxylic acids increase in size, melting/boiling points increase as the intermolecular forces are stronger.
What functional group do all alcohols contain?
All alcohols contain the hydroxyl functional group (-OH)
What letters do all alcohols end in?
All alcohols end in ‘-ol’.
What is the general formula for alcohols?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH
What functional group do all Carboxylic Acids Contain?
All Carboxylic Acids contain the Carboxyl functional group (COOH)
Where is the Carboxyl Functional group always positioned?
The carboxyl functional group always comes at the end of the chain.
What are Carboxylic acids used for?
Carboxylic acids are used to make preservatives, soaps, and medicines.
What solution of ethanoic acid is used in day-to-day cleaning applications and why?
Vinegar is a solution of ethanoic acid. It is used for cleaning products as it is non-toxic.
What is the general formula for Carboxylic Acids?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH
What is the pH of carboxylic acids roughly?
Carboxylic Acids will always be less than a pH of 7.
What letters do all Carboxylic acids end in?
Carboxylic acids all end in ‘oic acid’.
What can Carboxylic acids react with?
Carboxylic acids can react with metals and bases (metal hydroxides, metal oxides, and metal carbonates)
