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Nat 5 Chemistry > Nature's Chemistry > Flashcards

Nature's Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a compound consistent of carbon and hydrogen only.

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2
Q

By what process are hydrocarbons extracted?

A

Fractional distillation.

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3
Q

How does fractional distillation separate hydrocarbons?

A

According to their boiling points.

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4
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A homologous series is a group of compounds with:

  • the same general formula
  • similar chemical properties
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5
Q

What is the raw material used to extract hydrocarbons?

A

Crude Oil.

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6
Q

What is the general formula of the alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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7
Q

What do alkane names end in?

A

-ane

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8
Q

What type of bonding is present in alkanes?

A

C-C single bonds.

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9
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated.

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10
Q

Would an alkane decolourise bromine solution?

A

No, because they are SATURATED.

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11
Q

What is a use of branched chain alkanes?

A

• Used as a fuel.

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12
Q

What is the general formula of the cycloalkanes?

A

CnH2n

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13
Q

What do all cycloalkanes start and end with?

A

‘cyclo-‘ and ‘-ane’

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14
Q

What type of bonding is present in cycloalkanes?

A

C-C single bonds.

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15
Q

What is a use of cycloalkanes?

A

• Used as a fuel.

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16
Q

What is the first member of the cycloalkane homologous series?

A

Cyclopropane.

17
Q

What is the general formula of the alkenes?

A

CnH2n

18
Q

What do all alkenes end in?

A

‘-ene’

19
Q

What type of bonding is present in alkenes?

A

C=C double bonds.

20
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated.

21
Q

What is a use of alkenes?

A

Plastic synthesis.

22
Q

What do unsaturated hydrocarbons do to bromine solution?

A

Decolourise it.

23
Q

What do saturated hydrocarbons do to bromine solution?

A

Nothing.

24
Q

What homologous series would decolourise bromine solution?

A

Alkenes, Esters, Carboxylic acids.

25
Q

What homologous series would remain unchanged when shaken with bromine solution?

A

Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, Alcohols.

26
Q

What is the general formula of the alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

27
Q

What do all alcoholic names end in?

A

‘-ol’

28
Q

What is the functional group present in alcohols?

A

HYDROXYL.

OH

29
Q

What is a use of alcohols?

A
  • Consumption

* Ester production

30
Q

What is the general formula of the carboxylic acids?

A

CnH2n+1COOH

31
Q

What do all carboxylic acids end in?

A

‘-anoic acid’

32
Q

What functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

A

CARBOXYL.

COOH

33
Q

What is a use of a carboxylic acid?

A

• Ester production

34
Q

What pH do carboxylic acids have?

A

Below 7 (they are acids!!).

Nat 5 Chemistry (3 decks)

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