Nature's Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

A hydrocarbon is a compound consistent of carbon and hydrogen only.

Question 2

By what process are hydrocarbons extracted?

Answer 2

Fractional distillation.

Question 3

How does fractional distillation separate hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

According to their boiling points.

Question 4

What is a homologous series?

Answer 4

A homologous series is a group of compounds with:

• the same general formula
• similar chemical properties

Question 5

What is the raw material used to extract hydrocarbons?

Answer 5

Crude Oil.

Question 6

What is the general formula of the alkanes?

Answer 6

CnH2n+2

Question 7

What do alkane names end in?

Answer 7

-ane

Question 8

What type of bonding is present in alkanes?

Answer 8

C-C single bonds.

Question 9

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 9

Saturated.

Question 10

Would an alkane decolourise bromine solution?

Answer 10

No, because they are SATURATED.

Question 11

What is a use of branched chain alkanes?

Answer 11

• Used as a fuel.

Question 12

What is the general formula of the cycloalkanes?

Answer 12

CnH2n

Question 13

What do all cycloalkanes start and end with?

Answer 13

‘cyclo-‘ and ‘-ane’

Question 14

What type of bonding is present in cycloalkanes?

Answer 14

C-C single bonds.

Question 15

What is a use of cycloalkanes?

Answer 15

• Used as a fuel.

Question 16

What is the first member of the cycloalkane homologous series?

Answer 16

Cyclopropane.

Question 17

What is the general formula of the alkenes?

Answer 17

CnH2n

Question 18

What do all alkenes end in?

Answer 18

‘-ene’

Question 19

What type of bonding is present in alkenes?

Answer 19

C=C double bonds.

Question 20

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 20

Unsaturated.

Question 21

What is a use of alkenes?

Answer 21

Plastic synthesis.

Question 22

What do unsaturated hydrocarbons do to bromine solution?

Answer 22

Decolourise it.

Question 23

What do saturated hydrocarbons do to bromine solution?

Answer 23

Nothing.

Question 24

What homologous series would decolourise bromine solution?

Answer 24

Alkenes, Esters, Carboxylic acids.

Question 25

What homologous series would remain unchanged when shaken with bromine solution?

Answer 25

Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, Alcohols.

Question 26

What is the general formula of the alcohols?

Answer 26

CnH2n+1OH

Question 27

What do all alcoholic names end in?

Answer 27

‘-ol’

Question 28

What is the functional group present in alcohols?

Answer 28

HYDROXYL.

OH

Question 29

What is a use of alcohols?

Answer 29

• Consumption

* Ester production

Question 30

What is the general formula of the carboxylic acids?

Answer 30

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 31

What do all carboxylic acids end in?

Answer 31

‘-anoic acid’

Question 32

What functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

Answer 32

CARBOXYL.

COOH

Question 33

What is a use of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 33

• Ester production

Question 34

What pH do carboxylic acids have?

Answer 34

Below 7 (they are acids!!).