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Nat 5 Chemistry > Chemical Changes and Structure > Flashcards

Chemical Changes and Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are four factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Temperature
Concentration
Particle size
Use of a catalyst

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2
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Higher temperature = increased rate of reaction

Temperature increases the rate of reaction because it increases the amount of energy the particles have therefore they move faster so more successful collisions can occur.

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3
Q

How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?

A

Higher concentration = increased rate of reaction

If the concentration is increased, there are more atoms present and therefore more successful collisions can occur.

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4
Q

How does particle size affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Smaller particle size = increased rate of reaction

Reducing the particle size means that the surface area is increased therefore successful collisions will happen more frequently.

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5
Q

How does a catalyst affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Catalyst increases rate of reaction.

They provide an ALTERNATIVE ROUTE for the reaction to occur which allows the reaction to take place with a LOWER ACTIVATION ENERGY therefore at a lower temperature.

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6
Q

What are the two types of catalysts?

A

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

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7
Q

What is the difference between a heterogeneous and a homogeneous catalyst?

A

A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in the SAME state of matter as the reactants.

A heterogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in a DIFFERENT state of matter than the reactants.

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8
Q

What are biological catalysts called?

A

Enzymes

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9
Q

Name three properties of a catalyst

A
  • Increase the rate of a chemical reaction.
  • They are NOT used up in a chemical reaction - they remain unchanged.
  • They save energy and money.
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10
Q

Why are catalysts used within industry?

A
  • Cheap.
  • Reusable - they are not used up in a chemical reaction.
  • Save energy and money.
  • Increase a SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.
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11
Q

What is the formula for measuring average rate?

A

rate = change in quantity / change in time

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12
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

Proton
Neutron
Electron

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13
Q

Where are the protons and neutrons in an atom?

A

Nucleus.

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14
Q

Where are the electrons located in an atom?

A

Electron orbitals surrounding the nucleus.

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15
Q

What mass does a proton have?

A

1 a.m.u.

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16
Q

What mass does an electron have?

A

Neglible.

17
Q

What mass does a neutron have?

A

1 a.m.u.

18
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Proton = POSITIVE charge.

19
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

Neutron = NO charge.

20
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

Electron = NEGATIVE charge.

21
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

Proton
Neutron
Electron

22
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

Electron = NEGATIVE charge.

23
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

Neutron = NO charge.

24
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Proton = POSITIVE charge.

25
Q

What mass does a neutron have?

A

1 a.m.u.

26
Q

What mass does an electron have?

A

Neglible.

27
Q

What mass does a proton have?

A

1 a.m.u.

28
Q

Where are the electrons located in an atom?

A

Electron orbitals surrounding the nucleus.

29
Q

Where are the protons and neutrons in an atom?

A

Nucleus.

30
Q

Why are atoms described as being neutral?

A

Atoms are described as being neutral because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

31
Q

What is the capacity of the first electron orbital?

A

2 electrons.

32
Q

What is the shape of the first electron orbital?

A

Spherical.

33
Q

What is the capacity of the second (and further) electron orbitals?

A

8 for second, further for more.

34
Q

What is the shape of the second (and other) electron orbitals?

A

Tetrahedral.

35
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

The number of protons + neutrons.

36
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

Number of protons / electrons.

Nat 5 Chemistry (3 decks)

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