Nature Of Work And Leisure

Question 1

What is the labour force participation rate

Answer 1

The proportion of working age people who are economically active

Question 2

Define being economically inactive

Answer 2

Working age people who are neither employed or unemployed

Question 3

What is the employment rate?

Answer 3

The proportion of working age people who are in work

Question 4

What are the advantages of homeworking?

Answer 4

Workers have more control over when they work, helping family commitments and reducing stress. Employers benefit from lower office costs, access to a wider pool of workers, lower sickness and improved productivity.
Less congestion and pollution also

Question 5

Why are women participating in the labour force more?

Answer 5

Increased job opportunities, increased pay, changing social attitudes

Question 6

What is occupational segregation?

Answer 6

The dominance of an occupation by one gender

Question 7

Define unit labour costs. What do they include?

Answer 7

Labour costs per unit of output. They include wages, and costs in recruitment and training

Question 8

What are the 2 main influences on unit labour costs?

Answer 8

Wages and productivity

Question 9

What does the impact of unit labour costs on productivity depend upon?

Answer 9

The proportion of labour costs in total costs, whether any rises reflect superior quality

Question 10

What’s outsourcing?

Answer 10

Subcontracting part of the production process to another firm

Question 11

What is off shoring?

Answer 11

Transferring part of the production process to another country

Question 12

What are the 3 categories that time is split into?

Answer 12

Work/education
Maintenance time
Leisure

Question 13

Give factors influencing demand for a particular leisure activity

Answer 13

Price of the activity 
Price of complementary goods and services
Price of substitutes 
Tastes
Age composition
Gender composition
Advertising
Major events
Exchange rate

Question 14

Give reasons for the tourist industry increasing

Answer 14

Increase in disposable income
Reduction in working hours
Fall in real cost of travel
Early retirement
People living longer
Reduced time spent on domestic tasks
Improved transport
Increased advertising
Increased awareness of the benefits

Question 15

Describe the effects of tourism on income and employment

Answer 15

Benefit hotel and restaurants, and various industries that supply the tourist industry. Then some benefit from the increase in spending overall, such as insurance firms

Question 16

What is the tourism income multiplier?

Answer 16

The extent to which a change in income from tourism causes GDP to change

Question 17

Give drawbacks to the influences of tourism on income and employment

Answer 17

The jobs created are typically low skill and low pay. The impact is also lessened if much of the goods and services used in the tourism industry is brought in from abroad

Question 18

What does the influence of tourism on the balance of payments depend on?

Answer 18

Where the firms in the tourism industry obtain materials and food from, and the national origin of the firms

Question 19

Describe how tourism influences and disrupts culture

Answer 19

When there are significant differences between income and culture levels of tourists, tensions arise. Tourists greater spending power may result in resources being switched from locals to tourists. Young locals may copy the behaviour also

Question 20

In what ways can tourism damage the environment?

Answer 20

Visual pollution, through theme parked etc
Noise and air pollution
Waste
Congestion
Destruction of natural environment
Heavy use of water supplies to areas where locals have little water

Question 21

What are earnings?

Answer 21

Wages + overtime pay, bonuses and commission