Nature Of Work And Leisure Flashcards
What is the labour force participation rate
The proportion of working age people who are economically active
Define being economically inactive
Working age people who are neither employed or unemployed
What is the employment rate?
The proportion of working age people who are in work
What are the advantages of homeworking?
Workers have more control over when they work, helping family commitments and reducing stress. Employers benefit from lower office costs, access to a wider pool of workers, lower sickness and improved productivity.
Less congestion and pollution also
Why are women participating in the labour force more?
Increased job opportunities, increased pay, changing social attitudes
What is occupational segregation?
The dominance of an occupation by one gender
Define unit labour costs. What do they include?
Labour costs per unit of output. They include wages, and costs in recruitment and training
What are the 2 main influences on unit labour costs?
Wages and productivity
What does the impact of unit labour costs on productivity depend upon?
The proportion of labour costs in total costs, whether any rises reflect superior quality
What’s outsourcing?
Subcontracting part of the production process to another firm
What is off shoring?
Transferring part of the production process to another country
What are the 3 categories that time is split into?
Work/education
Maintenance time
Leisure
Give factors influencing demand for a particular leisure activity
Price of the activity Price of complementary goods and services Price of substitutes Tastes Age composition Gender composition Advertising Major events Exchange rate
Give reasons for the tourist industry increasing
Increase in disposable income Reduction in working hours Fall in real cost of travel Early retirement People living longer Reduced time spent on domestic tasks Improved transport Increased advertising Increased awareness of the benefits
Describe the effects of tourism on income and employment
Benefit hotel and restaurants, and various industries that supply the tourist industry. Then some benefit from the increase in spending overall, such as insurance firms
What is the tourism income multiplier?
The extent to which a change in income from tourism causes GDP to change
Give drawbacks to the influences of tourism on income and employment
The jobs created are typically low skill and low pay. The impact is also lessened if much of the goods and services used in the tourism industry is brought in from abroad
What does the influence of tourism on the balance of payments depend on?
Where the firms in the tourism industry obtain materials and food from, and the national origin of the firms
Describe how tourism influences and disrupts culture
When there are significant differences between income and culture levels of tourists, tensions arise. Tourists greater spending power may result in resources being switched from locals to tourists. Young locals may copy the behaviour also
In what ways can tourism damage the environment?
Visual pollution, through theme parked etc
Noise and air pollution
Waste
Congestion
Destruction of natural environment
Heavy use of water supplies to areas where locals have little water
What are earnings?
Wages + overtime pay, bonuses and commission
